帅建林版国际贸易实务课后练习问题详解双语.docx
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帅建林版国际贸易实务课后练习问题详解双语
Chapter1
I
YES，Pleaserefertothe1stparagraphofthetext.
II
流动性过剩
自给自足
经济资源
直接投资
国际收支
易货交易
出口退税
倾销
出口型经济增长
东道国
贸易差额
贸易顺差／贸易逆差
欧盟
国际收支顺差／国际收支逆差
有形贸易
无形贸易
货物贸易
服务贸易
excessliquidity
self-sufficient
economicresources
directinvestment
balanceofpayments
barter
exporttaxrebate
dumping
export-driveneconomicgrowth
hostcountry
balanceoftrade
favorable/unfavorablebalanceoftrade
EuropeanUnion
favorable/unfavorablebalanceofpayments
visibletrade
invisibletrade
tradeingoods
tradeinservices
III
ThechartaboveshowstheU.S.importsfromChina,U.S.exportstoChinaandthetradebalance.TheU.S.hasanegativetradebalancewithChina,andithasbeengrowing.Duringtheperiodfrom1997to2003,importsfromChinahavegrown244%whileexportstoChinahavegrown221%,indicatingthatthetradedeficitisincreasing.TherehadalreadybeenasizeabletradebalancedeficitwithChinain1996,totaling$39.5billionattheendoftheyear.
IV
1.Exportgoodsaretangiblegoodssentoutofcountries.
2.Tradeinservicesareinternationalearningsotherthanthosederivedfromtheexportingandimportingoftangiblegoods.
3.Importgoodsaretangiblegoodsbroughtin.
4.Internationaltradeisallbusinesstransactionsthatinvolvetwoormorecountries.
5.FDIisonethatgivestheinvestoracontrollinginterestinaforeigncompany.
6.Investmentisusedprimarilyasfinancialmeansforacompanytoearnmoremoneyonitsmoneywithrelativesafety.
V
1.Internationaltradeisthefairanddeliberateexchangeofgoodsand/orservicesacrossnationalboundaries.Itconcernstradeoperationsofbothimportandexportandincludesthepurchaseandsaleofbothvisibleandinvisiblegoods.
2.Intoday'scomplexeconomicworld,neitherindividualsnornationsareself-sufficient.Nationsparticipateintheinternationaltradeformanyreasons.Astotheeconomicreasons,nonationhasalloftheeconomicresources（land,laborandcapital）thatitneedstodevelopitseconomyandculture,andnocountryenjoysaparticularitemsufficientenoughtomeetitsneeds.Asforthepreferencereasons,internationaltradetakesplacebecauseofinnovationofstyle.Besides,everynationcanspecializeinacertainfieldandenjoyacomparativeadvantageinsomeparticularareaintermsoftradesothattheyneedtodobusinesswitheachothertomakeuseofresourcesmoreefficientlyandeffectively.
3.Inmeasuringtheeffectivenessofglobaltrade,nationscarefullyfollowtwokeyindicators,namely,balanceoftradeandbalanceofpayments.
4.FDI,theabbreviationformForeignDirectInvestment,meansbuyingofpermanentpropertyandbusinessinforeignnations.Itoccurswhenacquisitionofequityinterestinaforeigncompanyistrade.ThegreatsignificanceofFDIforChinamightbethat:
FDIsolvetheproblemofcapitalshortageforChinasothatChinamayspendthemoneyonimportingadvancedequipmentandtechnologiesforitsinfrastructure,nationalsupportingindustry,keyprojects,etc.
Chapter2
I
关税壁垒
非关税壁垒
从量税
配额
保护性关税
市场失灵
幼稚产业
许可证制度
财政关税
政府采购
贸易保护主义
从价税
最低限价
本地采购规则
增加内需
Domesticcontent
Red-tapebarriers
Exportsubsidies
Bindingquota
Absolutequotas
VER
Tariff-ratequotas
Zeroquota
"Buylocal"rules
Tariffbarriers
non-tariffbarriers
specificduties
quota
protectivetariff
marketfailure
infantindustry
licensingsystem
Revenuetariff
governmentprocurement
tradeprotectionism
AdValoremDuties
floorprice
"buylocal"rules
raisedomesticdemand
国内含量
进口环节壁垒
出口补贴
绑定配额
绝对配额
自愿出口限制
关税配额
零配额
本地采购原则
II
1.Protectionismmeansthedeliberateuseorencouragementofrestrictionsonimportstoenablerelativelyinefficientdomesticproducerstocompetesuccessfullywithforeignproducers.
保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。
.
2.IftheRussiansreleasetheirstocksoffinintotheworldmarket,thepriceofthemetalwillsinkthroughthefloor.
一旦俄罗斯人将其持有的锡矿股票投放于国际市场之中，那么该市场中金属的价格会跌破最低限价。
3.Protectivetariffmeansadutyortaximposedonimportedproductsforthepurposeofmakingthemmoreexpensiveincomparisontodomesticproducers,therebygivingthedomesticproductsapriceadvantage.
保护性关税表示对进口产品征收的关税，旨在让它们相比起本国商品更贵，从向使得本国商品具有价格优势。
4.Typesoftariffsincludeadvalorem,specific,variable,orcompound.IntheUnitedStates,theimpositionoftariffsismadeonimportedgoodsonly.Tariffsraisethepricesofimportedgoods,thusmakingthemlesscompetitivewithinthemarketoftheimportingcountry.Afterseven"Rounds”ofGeneralAgreementonTariffsandTradetradenegotiationsthatfocusedheavilyontariffreductions,tariffsarelessimportantmeasuresofprotectionthantheyusedtobe.
关税的种类包括从价税，从量税，可变税与复合税。
在美国，只对进口商品征税。
关税抬高了进口货物的价格，从而使得它们在进口国商品市场竞争优势下降。
继关税及贸易总协定七个回合主要关于降低税价的贸易协定之后，税收所起的保护作用日趋下降。
III
1.Tariffisadutycollectedbycustomsofagovernmentonimportsand/orexports.
2.Arevenuetariffcanbesomeoftheincomesofagovernment,butitmustbetakenundercontrol.
3.Toexportgoodsatanunreasonablylowpriceistakenasdumpingwhichmightbefoughtagainstbygovernmentoftheimportingcountry.
4.Atariffmaybeassessedonaperunitbasis,inwhichcaseitisknownasaspecificduty.Italsomaybeassessedasapercentageofthevalueoftheitem,inwhichcaseitisknownasanadvaloremduty.
5.Importtariffsprimarilyserveasameansofraisingthepriceoftheimportgoodssothatcompetitivelyproduceddomesticgoodswillgainarelativepriceadvantage.
Chapter3
I
APEC Asia-pacificEconomicCo-operation
FTAAP FreeTradeAgreementofAsiaandthePacific
EU EuropeanUnion
NAFTA NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement
MERCOSUR MercadoComundelConoSur/Southern CommonMarket
ASEAN AssociationofSoutheastAsianNations
EFTA EuropeanFreeTradeArea
AFTA ASEANFreeTradeArea
PTAs PreferentialTradeagreements
II
Tradebloc 贸易集团
Tradeblock 贸易禁运/封锁
Openregionalism 开放式区域主义
Freetradearea 自由贸易区
Customsunion 关税联盟
Commonmarket 共同市场
Economicunion 经济联盟
Tradeembargoes 贸易禁运
Boycotts 抵制
歧视性关税 discriminatorytariffs
经济制裁 economicsanction
贸易弹性 tradeelasticity
双边贸易协定 bilateraltradeagreement
最惠国 mostfavorednation
Chapter4
I
GATT GeneralAgreementonTariffsAndTrade
HOD HeadsofDelegations
TRIPs Trade-relatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRights
GATS GeneralAgreementonTradeinServices
TRIMs TradeRelatedInvestmentMeasures
MFN MostFavoredNations
II
施惠国 Patronagenations
受惠国 Favorednations
缔约国 ContractingParties
市场准入 marketaccess
透明度 transparency
紧急进口措施 UrgentImportingMeasures
争端解决机制 disputesettlementmechanism
可持续发展 sustainabledevelopment
特许经营 franchise
III
1.UntilnowWTOhasalreadyhad150membersanditstradevolumecovers90%ofthetotaltradevolumeinthewholeworld.
2.TopmostofWTOistheMinisterialConferencewhichhastomeetatleastonceeverytwoyears.UndertheMinisterialConferenceistheGeneralCouncilthathastomeetatGenevaregularly.
3.TheWTOSecretariat,whichofficesonlyinGeneva,Swizerland,hasaround550regularstuffandisheadedbyaDirector-General.SincedecisionsaremadebyMembersonly,theSecretariathasnodecision-makingpowersastheotherinternationalinstitutions.
4.TheSecretariatprovidessomeformoflegalassistanceinthedisputesettlementprocessandadvisesgovernmentswishingtobecomeMembersoftheWTO.
Chapter5
I
FOB班轮条件
清关
FOB吊钩下交货
平舱
多式联运
船舷
内陆水运
理舱
卸货费
投保
CFR卸至岸上（含着陆费）
班轮
单据买卖
CFR舱底交货
CFR班轮条件
象征性交货
FOBlinerterm
customsclearance
FOBUnderTackle
trim
multimodaltransport
shipboard
marinenavigationoninlandwaterway
stow
dischargeexpense
coverinsurance
CFRLanded
liner
documentarysales
CFREx-ship'sHold
CFRlinerterms
symbolicdelivery
II
1.UnderCFR,buyersshouldeffectinsurance.
2.UnderCIFEx-Ship'sHold,sellershouldpaythedischargecharges.
3.UnderCIF,theinsuredamountshouldbeUS$22000ifthecontractedpriceisUS$20000.
4.UnderCIP,sellerhastoprocureinsuranceagainstthebuyer'sriskoflossofordamagetothegoodsduringthecarriage.
5.TheFAStermrequiresthesellertoclearthegoodsforexport
6.TheDEQtermrequiresthebuyertoproceedwiththecustomsclearanceforimportsandpaymentofallcustomsduty.
7.UnderDDP,thesellermustpaythecostsofcustomsdutiesaswellasallduties,taxesandotherofficialchargespayableuponexportationandimportationofthegoods.
8.UnderDDUthesellermustgivethebuyerinstantnoticeoftheshippingofthegoodsaswellasanyothernoticerequiredinordertoallowshebuyertotakemeasure.
III
1.该报价为FOB的价格并含5％的佣金。
2.在CPT、CIP项下，“承运人”指在货物运输合同中承诺通过铁路、公路、航空、海运、内河水运或多式运输等方式完成货物运输的人。
3.在FCA项下，交货地的选择对货物的装船与卸载责任有影响。
如果交货地基于卖方，卖方有装载责任。
如果交货地在其它地方，卖方对卸载没有责任。
4.在FOB项下，卖方必须在约定的日期或期限内，在指定的装运港，按照该港习惯方式，将货物交至买方指定的船只上。
买方必须自货物在指定的装运港越过船舷之刻起承当货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。
Questions
│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│
│N│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│
│N│N│N│N│N│Y│N│Y│N│N│N│
│N│N│N│N│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│
│N│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│
│N│N│N│N│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│Y│
V
A.1.c;2.d;3.a;4.c;5.c;6.c;7.d;8.b;9.d;l0.c
B.1.a;2.ab;3.abcdf;4.abc;5.aef
Chapter6
I
1.SalesbySeller's/Buyer'sSample
2.Reference/DuplicateSample
3.QualityTolerance
4.CounterSample
5.MoreorLessClauses
6.NeutralPacking
7,CustomsFormality
8.InspectionCertificateofQuality
9.
升级会员 