英国文学笔记.docx

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英国文学笔记

•ABriefOutlineofBritishLiteratureHistory

1、MedievalLiterature(5A、D、-1485)(中世纪文学)

GeoffreyChaucer(1340—1400)

2、TheEnglishRenaissance(1500-1625)(文艺复兴时期文学)

ThomasMore(1478—1535)

EdmundSpenser(1552—1599)

ChristopherMarlowe(1564—1593)

FrancisBacon(1561—1626)

WilliamShakespeare(1564—1616)

3、TheSeventeenthcentury(17thcentury)(17世纪文学)

JohnMilton(1608—1674)

JohnDonne(1572—1631)

JohnBunyan(1628—1688)

4、EnglishEnlightenmentandneo-Classicism(17thcentury-18thcentury)(英国启蒙运动与新古典主义文学)

AlexanderPope(1688—1744)

JonathanSwift(1667—1745)

DanielDefoe(1660—1731)

HenryFielding(1707—1754)

5、RomanticisminEngland(1798-1832)(浪漫主义时期文学)

RobertBurns(1759—1796)

WilliamBlake(1757—1827)

WilliamWordsworth(1770—1850)

SamuelTaylorColeridge(1772—1834)

GeorgeGordonByron(1788—1824)

PercyByssheShelley(1792—1822)

JohnKeats(1795-1821)

6、EnglishRealism(1830s-1918)(现实主义时期文学)/VictorianAge(1832—1901)

RobertBrowning(1821—1889)

AlfredTennyson(1809—1892)

JaneAusten(1775—1817)

TheBronteSisters

CharlesDickens(1812—1870)

WilliamMakepeaceThackeray(1811—1863)

ThomasHardy(1840—1928)

JosephConrad(1857—1924)

OscarWilde(1854-1900)

GeorgeBernardShaw(1856-1950)

7、Modernism(1918-1945)(现代主义文学)

T、S、Eliot(1888—1965)

WilliamButlerYeats(1865—1939)

JamesJoyce(1882—1941)

VirginiaWoolf(1882—1941)

D、H、Lawrence(1885—1930)

1、MedievalLiterature(5A、D、-1485)(中世纪文学)

Beowulf《贝奥武夫》:

thenationalepicoftheEnglishpeople、

romance(浪漫传奇):

themostprevailingkindofliteratureinfeudalEngland

Theme:

loyaltytokingandlord

KingArthurandhisknightsoftheRoundTable《亚瑟王与她的圆桌骑士》

SirGawainandtheGreenKnight《高文爵士与绿衣骑士》

 

★GeoffreyChaucer(1340--1400)

LiteraryPosition:

ThefatherofEnglishpoetry

Masterpiece:

TheCanterburyTales《坎特伯雷故事集》(OldEnglish)

LiteraryAchievements:

Heroiccouplet(英雄双韵体)

 

2、TheEnglishRenaissance(1500-1625)(文艺复兴时期文学)

Theword“Renaissance”meansrevival(复活)、Thetermoriginallyindicatesarevivalofclassical(GreekandRoman)artsandsciencesafterthedarkagesofmedievalobscurantism(蒙昧主义)、

Humanism:

theessenceofRenaissance

EdmundSpenser(1552--1599):

"thepoets'poet"

Masterpiece:

TheFaerieOueene《仙后》

ThomasMore(1478-1535)

Masterpiece:

Utopia(乌托邦)

ChristopherMarlowe(1564--1593):

mostgiftedofthe"UniversityWits"(大学才子派)、

Masterpiece:

TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus、《浮士德博士的悲剧》

 

★FrancisBacon(1561-1626)

LiteraryPosition:

—thefounderofmodernscienceinEngland;

—oneoftheearliestessayist(散文家)inEnglishlanguage

Masterpiece:

Essays《论说文集》

OfStudies(论读书)

 

★WilliamShakespeare(1564—1616)

LiteraryPosition:

·“notofanage,butforalltime”,

·thegreatestgiantofEnglishlanguageandpoeticform,

·oneofthefoundersofrealisminworldliterature,

·oneofthegreatestwritersintheworld’sliterature、

LiteraryAchievements:

38plays(comedies(喜剧),histories(历史剧),tragedies(悲剧),tragicomedies/romances(悲喜剧)

2narrativepoems

154sonnets(Sonnets1-126addressedtoayoungman,Sonnets127-152addressedto“DarkLady”,Sonnets153-154addressedtoCupid,theGodofloveinGreekmythology)

Plays(4periods)

1、Firstperiod(1592-1594):

Hisapprenticeshipinplays、

Historicalplays:

KingHenryVI《亨利六世》,RichardⅢ《查理三世》

Comedies:

Love’sLabour’sLost《爱的徒劳》

2、Secondperiod(1595-1600):

Matureperiod,amarkedincreaseintheknowledgeofhumanism

RomeoandJuliet《罗密欧与朱丽叶》

(4大喜剧):

AMidsummerNight’sDream《仲夏夜之梦》

TheMerchantofVenice《威尼斯商人》

AsYouLikeIt《皆大欢喜》

TwelfthNight《第十二夜》

3、Thirdperiod(1601-1608):

Flourishingperiod,aperiodofgloomyanddepression

(4大悲剧):

Hamlet《汉姆雷特》

Othello《奥赛罗》

KingLear《李尔王》

Macbeth《麦克白》

4、Fourthperiod(1608-1612):

Theperiodofromanticdramaintheformoftragicomedies

Reconciliationplays:

TheWinter’sTale《冬天的童话》,TheTempest《暴风雨》

 

3、TheSeventeenthcentury(17thcentury)(17世纪文学)

Historicalbackground

1、TheEnglishrevolution(英国革命)andtheRestoration(王朝复辟)、

·Causes:

theconflictbetweenthemonarchandParliament;thepersecutionofthePuritans

2、ThebourgeoisDictatorshipandtheRestoration

·GloriousRevolution—abloodlessrevolution

·Theconstitutionalmonarchy、

★JohnMilton(1608—1674)

LiteraryPosition

·AmasteroftheBlankverse

·ThegreatestEnglishrevolutionarypoetofthe17thcentury

·OneofthegreatestpoetsoftheEnglishlanguage

LiteraryAchievements

Poems

·ParadiseLost《失乐园》(1667):

hismasterpiece——ThegreatestepicinEnglishliterature、

·ParadiseRegained(1671)《复乐园》

·SamsonAgonistes(1671)《力士参孙》

ParadiseLost《失乐园》

—JohnMilton

1、Introduction

·Longepicin12books

·Writteninblankverse

·BasedonGenesis《创世纪》intheOldTestament

·DramatizestheBiblicalaccountofhumanity’sbanishment、

2、Theme

—Milton’saimedpurpose:

“justifythewaysofGodtoman”(昭示天道对人的公正)

—Realpurpose:

Challengetherestoredmonarch

·God—tyrannical,representstheking

·Satan—rebellingagainstmonarch

·LovebetweenAdamandEve—humanpursuitforhappiness,thespiritofRenaissance

3、Writingfeatures

—Miltonstyle:

Sonority洪亮,Eloquence雄辩,Majesty尊严,Grandeur壮美

·Theblankverse

·Longandinvolvedsentences

 

★JohnDonne(1572-1631)

LiteraryPosition

—founderofMetaphysicalSchool(玄学派)

—thegreatestofthemetaphysicalpoets、

LiteraryAchievements

SongsandSonnets《歌与十四行诗》

TheFlea《跳蚤》

HolySonnets《圣十四行诗》:

HolySonnet10

Featuresofmetaphysicalpoetry:

—conceits(奇喻)

—strangeparadoxes(悖论)

—far-fetched(牵强的)imagery

JohnBunyan(1628-1688):

Masterpiece:

ThePilgrim’sProgress《天路历程》

 

4、EnglishEnlightenmentandneo-Classicism(17thcentury-18thcentury)(英国启蒙运动与新古典主义文学)(1688-1798)

HistoricalBackground

1、Comparativelypeacefuldevelopmentundertheconstitutionalmonarchy

·AcompromisebetweenToryandWhig

·TheleadingnavelpowerinEurope

2、TheIndustrialRevolution工业革命

·Unprecedentedtechnicalinnovations

·Rapidgrowthofindustryandcommerce

TheEnlightenment

AnintellectualmovementinEuropebeganinthelate17thand18thcenturiesandendedwiththeFrenchrevolutionof1789

18thcentury:

AgeofReason/AgeofEnlightenment

1、Importance—alastingheritageforthe19thand20thcentury

—itmarkedakeystageinthedeclineofthechurchandthegrowthofmodernsecularism(世俗主义)

—itservedasthemodelforpoliticalandeconomicliberalism、

2、ThedevelopmentofPoetry:

neo-Classicism新古典主义

3、Characteristicofneo-Classicism

1)、Emphasizingreasonratherthanemotion,formratherthancontent、

2)、Didacticandsatirical

3)、HeroicCouplet(英雄双韵体)

4)、Townpoetrywritingfortherisingbourgeoisie

AlexanderPope(1688-1744)

LiteraryPosition

—anoutstandingenlightener

—ThegreatestandthemostimportantrepresentativeoftheEnglishclassicalpoetry、

 

★TheRiseofFiction

DanielDefoe

JonathanSwift

HenryFielding

※Fiction

Themainstreamof18thcenturyliterature,&Theriseandgrowthofrealisticnovel—themostprominentachievementof18thcenturyEnglishliterature

★DanielDefoe(1660-1731)

LiteraryPosition

—FatherofEnglishnovel

LiteraryAchievements:

——RobinsonCrusoe(1719)《鲁宾逊漂游记》

·Defoe’smasterpiece

·ThefirstEnglishnovelinarealsense

·ThefirstEnglishrealisticnovel

RobinsonCrusoe

—DanielDefoe

1、Theme:

—tosingthepraisesofhumanlabor

—tocelebratethestrengthofhumanrationalwilltoconquerthenaturalenvironment

—tobeautifycolonialism&Negroslavery

2、Plot:

runawayfromhome→becomeasailor→aplanterinBrazil→toanuninhabitedislandbecauseofshipwreck→madealivingthereallbyhimself→saveanegronamedFridaywhobecamehisservant→backtoEngland→visittheremoteislandagainandFridaywaskilled

3、RobinsonCrusoe’scharacterization:

typicaloftherisingEnglishbourgeoisclass,practical,diligent,arestlesscuriositytoknowmoreabouttheworldandadesiretoproveindividualpowerinthefaceofsocialandnaturalchallenges;shrewd,careaboutmoneyandgoodatmanaging;courageousandintelligenttoovercomeallkindsofobstacles

 

★JonathanSwift(1667-1745)

LiteraryPosition

—oneofthegreatestmastersofEnglishProse

—amastersatirist(讽刺作家)

StyleofSwift’sprose:

simple,clearandvigorous、Hisfamoussaying

“Properwordsinproperplaces,makesthetruedefinitionofastyle”influencedalotlaterwriters、

LiteraryAchievements

Books

·TheBattleofBooks《书籍之战》

·ATaleofTub《一个桶子的故事》

·Guliver’sTravels《格列佛游记》

——hismasterpiece:

asatireonthewholeEnglishsocietyofthe18thcentury、

Pamphlets

·TheDraper’sLetters《一个布商的书信》

·AModestProposal《一个温与的建议》

——(AModestProposalforPreventingtheChildrenofPoorPeopleinIrelandfromBeingaBurdentoTheirParents)

Guliver’sTravels《格列佛游记》

—JonathanSwift

Plot:

PartI:

AVoyagetoLilliput

PartII:

AVoyagetoBrobdingnag

PartIII:

AVoyagetoLaputa,Balnibarbi,Glubbdubdrib,LuggnaggandJapan

PartIV:

AVoyagetotheCountryoftheHouyhnhnms

HenryFielding(1707-1754)

LiteraryAchievements

·TheHistoryofTomJones,AFounding《弃儿汤姆·琼斯》

LiteraryPosition

·—ThefounderofEnglishrealisticnovel-settingupthetheoryofrealisminliteraryposition、

5、RomanticisminEngland(1798-1832)(浪漫主义时期文学)

Pre-Romanticism:

Latterhalfofthe18thcentury

RobertBurns

WilliamBlake

1、Romanticrevival

·AstrongprotestagainstthebondageofClassicism(=Formalism)

·Arecognitionoftheclaimsofpassionandemotion、

2、Representatives

·RobertBurns(1759-1796)罗伯特·彭斯

·WilliamBlake(1757-1827)威廉·布莱克

★RobertBurns(1759-1796)

Literaryposition

—thenationalpoetofScotland

—Apoetofthepeasants,apoetofthepeople

LiteraryA

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