雅思测试.docx

雅思测试.docx

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雅思测试

雅思测试

雅思测试1

姓名

总分

听力

阅读

写作

口语

Part1Listening

Section1Questions1-10

Questions1-4

Completethenotesbelow.UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.

PERSONALDETAILSFORM

Name:

（1）

Membershipnumber:

（2）

Address:

17LincolnRoad,Annandal

Faxnumber:

（3）

Telephonenumber:

Daytime:

5796363

Evening:

（4）

Questions5-6

Circlethecorrectanswer.

5.Howlongcanthemankeepthebooksfor?

A.threeweeks

B.twoweeks

C.fiveweeks

D.sixweeks

6.Howdoesthelibrarypreferthepostageandphotocopyfeestobepaid?

A.cash

B.creditcard

C.moneyorder

Questions7-10

Completetheformbelow.UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.

LandandWaterResourcesofAustralia

Hallsworth

（7）

LandDegradationinAustralia

（8）

1984

（9）

Fisher

TheEnvironmentalImpactofTravel

MBurnsandAssociates

（10）

Questions31-40

Questions31-32

Completethenotesbelow.UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.

Thebenefitsofthesocialrecognitionofmarriageforchildrenare:

（31）.

Becomeamembershipofa（32）.

Haveindicationofwhomustsupportthemandtheirmother.

Questions33-40

Completetheformbelow.UseNOMORETHANTHREEWORDSforeachanswer.

ImportantAreasofVariation

TheNumberofMates

（33）

Amanhasmorethanonewife

POLYANDRY

Awomanhasmorethanonehusband

（34）

Onemanhasonewife

（35）

PATRILOCAL

Awifemovestoherhusband’sfamily’shousehold

（36）

Ahusbandmovestohiswife’sfamily’shousehold

NEOLOCAL

Thecouplesetupanewhouseholdsomewhereelse

（37）

（38）

Wealthistransferredbythehusbandorhisrelativestothewife’sfamily.

（39）

Wealthistransferredbythewifeorherrelativestothehusband’sfamily.

NEOLOCAL

Wealthistheformof（40）tohelptheyoungcouplesetupthenewhousehold.

Part2Reading

Passage1ReadingPaper

Thecoralreefsof

AgattiIsland

A AgattiisoneoftheLakshadweepIslandsoffthesouthwestcoastofIndia.Theseislandsaresurroundedbylagoonsandcoralreefswhichareinturnsurroundedbytheopenocean.Coralreefs,whichareformedfromtheskeletonsofminuteseacreatures,givesheltertoavarietyofplantsandanimals,andthereforehavethepotentialtoprovideastreamofdiversebenefitstotheinhabitantsofAgattiIsland.

B Inthefirstplace,thereefsprovidefoodandotherproductsforconsumptionbytheislandersthemselves.Foodsincludedifferenttypesoffish,octopusandmolluscs,andinthecaseofpoorerfamiliestheseconstituteasmuchas90%oftheproteintheyconsume.Reefresourcesarealsousedformedicinalpurposes.Forexample,themoneycowrie,ashellknownlocallyasVallakavadi,iscommonlymadeintoapasteandusedasahomeremedytotreatcystsintheeye.

C Inaddition,thereefcontributestoincomegeneration.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,20%ofthehouseholdsonAgattireportlagoonfishing,orshingle,mollusc,octopusandcowriecollectionastheirmainoccupation（Hoonetal,）.Forpoorhouseholds,thedirectcontributionofthereeftotheirfinancialresourcesissignificant:

12%ofpoorhouseholdsarecompletelydependentonthereeffortheirhouseholdincome,while59%ofpoorhouseholdsrelyonthereeffor70%oftheirhouseholdincome,andtheremaining29%for50%oftheirhouseholdincome.

D Barteringofreefresourcesalsocommonlytakesplace,bothbetweenislandersandbetweenislands.Forexample,AgattiIslandisknownforitsabundanceofoctopus,andthisisoftenusedtoobtainproductsfromnearbyAndrothIsland.Locally,reefproductsmaybegivenbyislandersinreturnforfavours,suchashelpinconstructingahouseornetmending,orforotherproductssuchasrice,coconutsorfish.

E Theinvestmentrequiredtoexploitthereefsisminimal.Itinvolvessimple,locallyavailabletoolsandequipment,someofwhichcanbeusedwithoutaboat,suchasthefishingpracticeknownasKatmoodsal.ThisiscarriedoutintheshalloweasternlagoonofAgattibychildrenandadults,closetoshoreatlowtide,throughouttheyear.Asmallcastnet,aleafbag,andplasticslippersareallthatarerequired,andtheactivitycanyield10–12smallfish（approximately1kg）forhouseholdconsumption.Castnetsarenotexpensive,andallthehouseholdsinAgattiownatleastone.Eventheboats,whichoperateinthelagoonandnear-shorereef,areconstructedlocallyandhavelowrunningcosts.Theyareeithersmall,non-mechanised,traditionalwoodenrowingboats,knownasThonis,orrafts,knownasTharappam.

F Duringmorethan400yearsofoccupationandsurvival,theAgattiislandershavedevelopedanintimateknowledgeofthereefs.Theyhaveknowledgeofnumerousdifferenttypesoffishandwheretheycanbefoundaccordingtothetideorlunarcycle.Theyhavealsodevelopedalocalnamingsystemorfolktaxonomy,namingfishaccordingtotheirshape.Sometimesthesamespeciesisgivendifferentnamesdependingonitssizeandage.Forexample,afullgrownEmperorfishiscalledMettiandajuvenileiscalledKillokam.Theabundanceofeachspeciesatdifferentfishinggroundsisalsowellknown.Alongwiththisknowledgeofreefresources,theislandershavedevelopedawiderangeofskillsandtechniquesforexploitingthem.Amultitudeofdifferentfishingtechniquesarestillusedbytheislanders,eachtargetingdifferentareasofthereefandparticularspecies.

G Thereefplaysanimportantroleinthesociallivesoftheislanderstoo,beinganintegralpartoftraditionsandrituals.Mostoftheisland'sfolklorerevolvesaroundthereefandsea.Thereishardlyanytaleorsongwhichdoesnotmentionthetraditionalsailingcrafts,knownasOdams,thejourneysofenterprising'heroes',theadventuresofseafishingandencounterswithseacreatures.SongsthatwomensingrecollectwomenlookingforreturningOdams,andrequestingthewavestobegentlerandthebreezejustrightforthesails.Therearestoriesofthebenevolentseaghostbaluvam,whosecomingtoshoreisconsideredaharbingerofprosperityforthatyear,bringingmorecoconuts,morefishandgeneralwell-being.

H Thereefisregardedbytheislandersascommonproperty,andalltheislandersareentitledtousethelagoonandreefresources.Inthepast,fishinggroupswouldobtainpermissionfromtheAmin（islandheadperson）andgofishinginthegroundsallottedbyhim.Ontheirreturn,theAminwouldbegivenashareofthecatch,normallyoneofthebestorbiggestfish.Thispracticenolongerexists,butthereisstillacodeofconductoretiquetteforexploitingthereef,andcommonrespectforthisisaneffectivewayofavoidingconflictordisputes.

I Exploitationofsuchvastanddiverseresourcesasthereefsandlagoonsurroundingtheislandhasencouragedcollaborativeefforts,mainlyforpurposesofsafety,butalsoasanecessityintheoperationofmanyfishingtechniques.Forexample,anindigenousgearandoperationknownasBalafadalinvolves25–30men.Reefgleaningforcowriecollectionbygroupsof6–10womenisalsoacommonactivity,andeventoday,althoughitseconomicsignificanceismarginal,itcontinuesasarecreationalactivity.

Question1-9

ReadingPassage1hasnineparagraphs A–I.

Choosethecorrectheadingforeachparagraphfromthelistofheadingsbelow.

ListofHeadings

iIslandlegends

viiThesocialnatureofreefoccupations

iiResourcesforexchange

viiiResourcesforislanders'ownuse

iiiCompetitionforfishingrights

ixHighlevelsofexpertise

ivThelowcostofequipment

xAlternativesourcesofemployment

vAgatti'sfavourablelocation

xiResourcesforearningmoney

viRisingincomelevels

xiiSocialrightsandobligations

1 ParagraphA

....................

2 ParagraphB

....................

3 ParagraphC

....................

4 ParagraphD

....................

5 ParagraphE

....................

6 ParagraphF

....................

7 ParagraphG

....................

8 ParagraphH

....................

9 ParagraphI

....................

Question10-13

Choosethecorrectletter, A,B,CorD.

10. Whatproportionofpoorhouseholdsgetalltheirincomefromreefproducts?

A.12%

B.20%

C.29%

D.59%

11.Katmoodsalfishing

A.isaseasonalactivity.

B.isacommercialactivity.

C.requireslittleinvestment.

D.requiresuseofarowingboat.

12.Whichcharacteristicofpresent-dayislandersdothewritersdescribe?

A.physicalstrength

B.fishingexpertise

C.courage

D.imagination

13.WhatdothewriterssayaboutthesystemforusingthereefonAgatti?

A.Fishcatchesaresharedequally.

B.Thereefownerissuespermits.

C.Therearefrequentdisputes.

D.Thereisopenaccess.

Passage2ReadingPaper

UrbanplanninginSingapore

BritishmerchantsestablishedatradingpostinSingaporeintheearlynineteenthcentury,andformorethanacenturytradinginterestsdominated.However,in1965thenewlyindependentislandstatewascutofffromitshinterland,andsoitsetaboutpursuingasurvivalstrategy.Thegoodinternationalcommunicationsitalreadyenjoyedprovidedausefulbase,butitwasdecidedthatifSingaporewastosecureitseconomicfuture,itmustdevelopitsindustry.Tothisend,newinstitutionalstructureswereneededtofacilitate,develop,andcontrolforeigninvestment.OneofthemostimportantofthesewastheEconomicDevelopmentBoard（EDB）,anarmofgovernmentthatdevelopedstrategiesforattractinginvestment.Thusfromtheoutset,theSingaporeangovernmentwasinvolvedincitypromotion.

Towardstheendofthetwentiethcentury,thegovernmentrealisedthat,duetolimitsonboththesizeofthecountry'sworkforceanditslandarea,itslabour-i