高考英语阅读理解基础练习题46及答.docx

高考英语阅读理解基础练习题46及答.docx

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高考英语阅读理解基础练习题46及答

2014高考英语阅读理解基础练习题（46）及答

阅读理解

IfyouareplanningtostudyintheUnitedStates,youneedtoconsiderseveralfactors.Everyonehasdifferentopinionsaboutwhereisthebestplacetolivein.Also,thebestplacestoliveinarenotalwayshometothebestschools.Finally,manyschoolsspecializeindifferentareasofstudy.TheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（麻省理工学院），forexample,isagreatschoolforcomputerscienceandtechnology-relatedfieldsofstudy.However,ifyouwanttostudyoceanography（海、洋学），yourinterestsmaybebetterservedbyattendingschoolinaplacethatisonacoastlineorneartheocean.

NowIamsurethatyouknowwhichschoolsareconsideredthebestinthecountry.SoIwilltellyouaboutwhichstatesIbelievearethebesttolivein.

Californiaisanicestate.NorthernCaliforniaspecificallyhasverygoodweather.LosAngelesinSouthernCaliforniaisanotherstorythough.LifeinLosAngelesisfullofexcitementandfast,andsometimesdangerous.Asforme,IenjoythetimeIspentinMassachusetts,VirginiaandMarylandandthesestateshavealotofhistoryandculture.TheweatherisnotasperfectasNorthernCalifornia,butitisstillquitenice.MyfavoriteareaofAmericaistheMid-west.MiddleAmerica,Ithink,ishometothetrueAmericansenseofvalues.Inaddition,therearemanygooduniversitiesthere.

Also,youneedtothinkaboutyourlikesanddislikesandthenresearchthevariousstates.Youlikesunshineandhatesnow?

Thenyouprobablywon'tliketheMidwestoreventheNortheast.Openspace,natureandpeaceandquiet?

ThenyouprobablyshouldstayawayfromAmerica'slargecities.Areyouinterestedingovernment?

ThenWashingtonD.C.istheonlyplaceforyou.Whateveryoudecide,putsomethoughtintoit.Theplaceyouliveincouldbethedifferencebetweenagreatstudy-abroadexperienceandastateofgreatsufferingonearth.

31.FromthefirstparagraphwecanconcludethatintheUSA_____.

A.allcollegesanduniversitieslieinbigcities

B.allcollegesanduniversitieslieinbeautifulplaces

C.famouscollegesanduniversitieslieinniceplaces

D.famouscollegesanduniversitiesmaynotlieinniceplaces

【答案】D

【解析】细节理解题。

由“thebestplacestoliveinarenotalwayshometothebestschools.”可知好大学不一定位于好的地方。

故选D。

32.What,accordingtothewriter,shouldbeconsideredfirstifyouwanttostudyintheUSA?

A.Theclimate.B.Thescenery.C.Thestudycondition.D.Thelivingcondition.

【答案】C

【解析】细节理解题。

由第一，二段可知，作者认为想去美国学习首先应考虑学习环境。

33.Fromthethirdparagraphwecanfindthat_____.

A.Californiaisthebestplacetolivein

B.Californiaistheworstplacetolivein

C.Californiaisastatewithdifferentclimates

D.CaliforniaisasmallstateintheUSA

【答案】c

【解析】细节理解题。

由“NorthernCaliforniaspecificallyhasverygoodweather.”和“TheweatherisnotasperfectasNorthernCalifornia,butitisstillquitenice.”可知加利福尼亚州有不同的气候。

34.IfyoustudyinMiddleAmerica,youcanprobably_____.

A.findthebestuniversitiesB.feeltherealcharacterofthenation

C.meetthemostfamousprofessorsthereD.facemoredifficulties

【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。

由“MiddleAmerica,Ithink,ishometothetrueAmericansenseofvalues.”可知选B。

35.Fromthelastparagraphofthispassagewecangettoknowthat.

A.WashingtonisthelargestcityintheUSA

B.WashingtonD.C.isthepoliticalcentreoftheUSA

C.youcan'tfindsunshineintheMidwest

D.youcan'tfindanyuniversitiesoutofbigcitiesintheUSA

【答案】B

【解析】细节理解题。

由“Areyouinterestedingovernment?

ThenWashingtonD.C.istheonlyplaceforyou.”华盛顿是美国的政治中心。

故选B。

Adviceto“sleeponit”couldbewellfounded,scientistssay.Afteragoodnight’ssleepaproblemthatseemedimpossibletosolvethenightbeforecanoftenappeareasier,althoughnoevidencehasprovedthisbynow.ButresearchersattheUniversityofLuebekinGermanyhavedesignedanexperimentthatshowsagoodnight’ssleepcanimproveinsight（洞察力）andproblem-solving.“Ifyouhavesomenewlyacquiredmemoriesinyourbrain,sleepactsonthesememories,restructures（重构）them,sothataftersleeptheinsightintoaproblemwhichyoucouldnotsolvebeforeincreases,”saidDr.JanBom,aneuroscientist,attheuniversity.Totestthetheory,theytaughtvolunteerstwosimplerulestohelpthemputastringofnumbersintoaneworder.Therewasalsoathird,hiddenrule,whichcouldhelpthemincreasetheirspeedinsolvingtheproblem.Theresearchersdividedthevolunteersintotwogroups,halfwereallowedtosleepafterthetrainingwhiletheremainderswereforcedtostayawake.Bomandhisteamnoticedthatthegroupthathadsleptafterthetrainingweretwiceaslikelytofigureoutthethirdruleastheothergroup.“Sleephelped,”Bomsaidinatelephoneinterview.“Theimportantthingisthatyouhavetohaveamemoryrepresentationinyourbrainoftheproblemyouwanttosolveandthenyousleep,soitcanactontheproblem.”ButBomadmittedthatheandhisteamdon’tknowhowrestructuringofmemoriesoccursorwhatgovernsitorinwhichstageofsleepitworks.PierreMarquetteandPierreRubyoftheUniversityofLiegeinBelgiumsaidtheexperimentalevidencesupportsthesuggestionsthatsleepcanpromotecreativethinking.Althoughtheroleofsleepinhumancreativitywillstillbeamystery,theresearchgivespeoplegoodreasontofullyrespecttheirperiodsofsleep,theyadded.

36.Theunderlinedphrase“sleeponit”inthefirstlineprobablymeans_____.

A.toputsomethingasidetobesolveduntilthenextday

B.togetasmuchsleepaspossible

C.togoonsleepingwithoutbeingdisturbed

D.tosleeptillyougetupthenextmorning

【答案】A

【解析】词义猜测题。

由“Afteragoodnight’ssleepaproblemthatseemedimpossibletosolvethenightbeforecanoftenappeareasier,”可知选A。

37.JanBomandhisteamcarriedouttheexperimentthrough_____

A.comparisonB.interviewC.surveyD.imagination

【答案】A

【解析】细节理解题。

由“Theresearchersdividedthevolunteersintotwogroups,halfwereallowedtosleepafterthetrainingwhiletheremainderswereforcedtostayawake.Bomandhisteamnoticedthatthegroupthathadsleptafterthetrainingweretwiceaslikelytofigureoutthethirdruleastheothergroup.”可知他们是通过比较来开展的实验。

故选A。

38.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat_____.

A.peopleshouldsleepsolongastheyhavetime

B.sleepistheonlywaytosolvehardproblems

C.peoplehavevariousperiodsofsleep

D.peopleknowhowsleeprestructuresmemories

【答案】C

【解析】推理判断题。

由“ButBomadmittedthatheandhisteamdon’tknowhowrestructuringofmemoriesoccursorwhatgovernsitorinwhichstageofsleepitworks.”可知人们有不同的睡眠阶段。

故选C。

39.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.HowSleepWorksB.SleepHelpsSolveProblems

C.NoEvidence,ButWellFoundedD.Bom’sDiscoveryOnSleep

【答案】B

【解析】标题归纳题。

40.Whereisthepassagemostlikelytohavebeentakenfrom?

A.Asciencefiction.B.Abookreview.

C.Anadvertisement.D.Anewspaper.

【答案】D

【解析】推理判断题。

本文主要讲的是科学家的一项新的发现，以及有关的实验。

所以最可能出自报纸。

故选D。

专题******主旨大意

一、题型特点与解题技巧

这类试题要求对文章的整体或局部（如段落）进行分析、概括，归纳相关部分的中心大意（Mainidea），选择标题（title），判断作者的写作目的（purpose）等，旨在考查考生加工与浓缩信息的能力。

这一项考查的是文章的灵魂与中心。

一、常见问题形式有：

（1）Thesubject/topicofthearticleis……

（2）Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage?

（3）Whatdoesthepassage/authormainlydiscuss?

（4）Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?

二、应试技巧

1.开门见山,提出主题。

开门见山,提出主题，随之用细节来解释,支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想，是最常见的演绎法写作方式，分清mainidea和supportingsentences。

英语阅读理解中的许多文章都属于“观点论证型”和“现象解释型”的文章，而这两类文章常常采取的是“一般到具体”的篇章结构模式。

也就是说这类文章往往开宗明义，文章伊始就要摆明描述的主要对象或论述的主要观点。

Anincreaseinstudentsapplyingtostudyeconomicsatuniversityisbeingattributedto（归因于）theglobaleconomiccrisisawakeningapublicthirstforknowledgeabouthowthefinancialsystemworks.

Applicationsfordegreecoursesbeginningthisautumnwereupby15%thisJanuary,accordingtoUCAS,theUniversitiesandCollegesAdmissionsService.AspokesmanfortheRoyalEconomicSocietysaidapplicationstodoeconomicsatA-levelwerealsoup.

…………………………………………………………………………………………………

What’sthemainideaofthetext?

A.Universitieshavereceivedmoreapplications.

B.Economicsisattractinganincreasingnumberofstudents

C.Collegestudentsbenefitalotfromeconomicuncertainty.

D.Parentsareconcernedwithchildren’ssubjectselection.（2009山东）

2．首段的末句和二段首句

对于阅读理解中的其他篇章结构模式，如“问题解决型”和“破旧立新型”的文章，文章的首段的末句或二段的首句就成了主题句高发出现点，特别是当文章的首句后出现的转折性的陈述，而所涉及的主体事物没有发生转变时，那么文章的主题句往往是转折词后出现的与首句相对立的结论。

一般而言，作者常常藉用转折连词来引出文章或段落的主旨大意，该类型的转折连词有：

but，yet，however。

转折连词后面的内容往往是作者真实的写作目的或基本观点，而这又常是文章中心主旨的关键所在。

Relationshipswithfamily,friends,neighbors—andevenpets—willalldothetrick,butthebiggestlongevity（长寿）boostseemstocomefrommarriageoranequivalentrelationship.

WilliamFarr’sstudyandotherstudiesshowthat_________.

A.sociallifeprovesaneffectivecureforillness

B.beingsociablehelpsimproveone’squalityoflife

C.womenbenefitmorethanmenfrommarriage

D.marriagecontributesagreatdealtolongevity

3．归纳法

先表述细节,后以结论、建议或结果来概括主题.这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。

阅读时要分清细节和结论

Ahumanbodyappearstoberathersoftanddelicate,comparedwiththatofawildanimal,butitisactuallysurprisinglystrong.Indeed,itsverysoftnessandloosenessisanadvantage;itmakesmangoodatmovingaboutmovementofalllivingthingsofhisownsize,becausehecandosomanydifferentthingswithhislimbs.Man’sgamesshowhowhecancontrolhisownbody.Nootherlandcreaturecanswimasskillfullyasman;morehassuchvariedgrace;veryfewlivesaslongashe;noneissostronginitsnaturalresistancetodisease.Therefore,manhasagreatadvantageinhisbattleagainsttherisksofdamageanddeaththatthreatenhim.