定语从句完整+练习.docx
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定语从句完整+练习
语法解释：
定语从句——修饰名词或代词的从句。
换句话说，名词、代词后的从句叫定语从句。
先行词——被定语从句修饰的名词、代词、甚至词组或句子叫先行词。
关系词——引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
关系词分两种：
一是关系代词（在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定语成分）
二是关系副词（在定语从句中担任状语成分）
关系词的三个功能：
1. 连接功能（连接先行词与定语从句）；
2. 担任功能（在定语从句中担任主、宾、表、定、状语）；
3. 替代功能（在定语从句中代替先行词）
A plane is a machine. The machine can fly. ——
A plane is a machine, and the machine can fly. ——
A plane is a machine that can fly.
关系代词有：
who, whom, whose, that, which, as
在定语从句中可担任主语的是：
who, that, which, as
在定语从句中可担任宾语的是：
who, whom, that, which, as
在定语从句中可担任定语的是：
whose, which
当先行词是人时，可用的关系词是：
who, whom, that, as
当先行词是物时，可用的关系词是：
which, that, whose, as
关系副词有：
when （先行词为时间）, where （先行词为地点）, why （先行词为原因）
关系副词= 介词+ which / whom
定语从句分为两种：
限制性与非限制性。
先行词与关系词之间无逗号隔开为限制性；有逗号隔开则为非限制性。
非限制性定语从句一般不可用关系代词that引导。
唯一可以置于先行词之前的定语从句由关系代词as 引导。
1）that和which的用法区别
只用that的情况：
①先行词由最高级修饰时，如thebestworkthatIcando。
②先行词由序数词修饰时，如thesecondbookthatIbought。
③先行词由thelast,theonly,thesame,thevery等修饰时。
④先行词是不定代词all,anything,everything,little,much,nobody,nothing等时，如anythingthathedoes;allthatIcandonow等。
⑤先行词有any,no,all等限定词时，如allthewordsthatI’velearned。
⑥先行词为词组，该词组既含人又含物时，如thecityandthepeoplethatIvisited。
只用which的情况：
①在非限定性定语从句中（定语从句前有逗号）。
②介词后。
请看that和which的使用例句：
It’sthebestfilmiseverbeenmadeonthesubjectofmadness.这是以精神病为题材而拍摄的影片中最好的一段。
ShakespeareisthegreatestpoetEnglandhaseverhad.莎士比亚是英国最伟大的诗人。
Takethefirstopportunityoffers.抓住第一个出现的机会。
Heisthelastpersononewouldsuspect.人们最不可能怀疑他。
Manistheonlycreatureisgiftedwithspeech.只有人类具有语言的天赋。
Afoolseesnotthesametreeawisemansees.一个傻瓜看到的树和一个聪明人看到的树不一样。
Thoseweretheverywordshesaidatthemeeting.这些就是他在会上说的原话。
Allglittersisnotgold.闪光的并不都是金子。
Anythingyouhavetosayhadbetterbesaidineachother’spresence.有话最好当面说。
There’sstillmuchtistobedone.仍然有很多事要做。
Ihavechangedmymind.Nothingyousaywillchangeit.我已经改变了主意，无论你说什么也无法改变它。
Nobodywastherecouldconvinceherofhermistake.这那儿没有一个人能使她明白她的错误。
Everypaperyoureadgivesthesamestory.你看的每份报纸都报道同样的新闻。
Istillcan’tforgettheplacesandthepeopleIvisitedduringlastsummervacation.我仍然难以忘怀去年暑假我见到的地方和人。
2）关系代词（that,which,who,whom等）和关系副词（when,where等）的用法区别
①关系代词在定语从句作主语、宾语或表语，而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
②分析时主要从动词的及物性或有无介词来考虑。
看如下对比例句：
①Thisisthefactorywheremyfatheronceworked.这是我父亲曾工作过的工厂。
（worked是不及物动词，不接宾语，所以不用which/that。
where相当于inthefactory）
Thisisthefactorywhich/thatmyfatheronceworkedin.（workedin的宾语是factory，故用关系代词which/that）
②Iwillneverforgetthedayswhich/thatIspentinthewoodnearourvillage.我忘不了我在我村边小树林里度过的日子。
（thedays是spent的宾语）
IwillneverforgetthedayswhenIspentmyholidayswithmygrandparents.我忘不了我和我的祖父母一起度假的日子。
（spent的宾语是holidays，不是thedays）
IwillneverforgetthesmallvillagewhereIspentmyholidays.我忘不了我度假的小村庄。
（与上句一样，spent的宾语是myholidays）
③Isthistheschoolwhich/thatyouvisitedtheotherday?
这是你几天前参观过的学校吗？
（theschool作visited的宾语）
Isthistheschoolwhereyouvisitedyourteachertheotherday?
这是你几天前拜访你老师的学校吗？
（visited在定语从句中有自己的宾语yourteacher，所以不用that/which）
3）whose的用法
whose是关系限定词，既可以指人也可以指物，即既可以说“某人的”，也可以说“某物的”。
?
Fortuneneverhelpsthemanwhosecouragefails.运气永远不会帮助丧失勇气的人。
?
Haveyounoticedthehousewhosewindowsareclosednow?
你注意到了那家窗户关着的房子吗？
?
He’swrittenabookwhosenameIhavecompletelyforgotten.他写了一本书，书名我完全忘记了。
注：
在正式文体中，指物时，whose往往用ofwhich表示。
ofwhich可放在被修饰的名词之前或之后，而whose只能放在被修饰的名词之前。
例如：
Thehousewhosewindows/ofwhichthewindows/thewindowsofwhicharebrokenisunoccupied.（那间窗户破了的房屋没人居住。
）
whose前有时有介词。
?
Theteacherinwhoseclassmydaughterisstudyingisakindheartedman.我女儿所在的那位老师心地善良。
4）whom的用法
只有作定语从句中的宾语时才能用whom；介词后用whom不用who。
口语中whom前无介词时可用that或who代替。
?
Mybrother,whomyoumettheotherday,hasgoneabroad.前几天你遇见过的我的那个兄弟，出国去了。
?
Youhavemanypeoplearoundyouwhoarekindtoyoubutwhomyouwillsoonforget.你周围有许多对你好的人，但你都会很快忘记他们。
?
Therecamealotofchildren,mostofwhomIdidn’tknow.来了许多孩子，大多数我都不认识。
7）介词＋which/whom引导的定语从句
如果关系代词which/whom本身在定语从句中充当一个介词或介词短语的宾语的时候，有时可以将介词直接放在which/whom的前面，这样就产生了“介词＋关系代词”及“名词或代词＋介词＋which/whom”或“复合介词＋which/whom”等的结构。
?
Iknowthemantowhomyoutalkedjustnow.我认识你刚才与之说话的那个人。
?
Lifeisaflowerofwhichloveishoney.人生是花朵，爱情是花蜜。
?
Hewaseducatedatthelocalgrammarschool,afterwhichhewentontoCambridge.当在当地的一所中学上学，此后就去上了剑桥大学。
5）theway后的定语从句
Theway后的定语从句用inwhich引导，inwhich可以用that代替，而that又可以省略。
所以，表达“某人做某事的方法”有三种形式：
1.thewayinwhichsomebodydoessomething2.thewaythatsomebodydoessomething3.thewaysomebodydoessomething.
6）as用法
关系代词as引导定语从句有两种形式。
（1）as引导一个非限制性定语从句修饰一个分句，as代表该分句所表达的整个概念或其中一部分的概念。
as定语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾；as本身在从句中充当主语、宾语及表语。
（2）用于as…as,thesame…as,so…as,such…as等结构中。
as用法的第一种情况：
?
Asisknowntoall,theearthmovesaroundthesun.众所周知，地球围绕太阳旋转。
?
HemustbeanAfrican,asmaybeseenfromthecolourofhisskin.他准是个非洲人，这可以从他的肤色看得出来。
?
Ifhecomeslate,asisusual,foranothertime,we’llnotreceivehim.如果他再一次像以往那样迟到，我们就不接待他了。
?
Sheisafinesinger,ashermotherusedtobe.她是个很出色的歌唱家，像她的母亲当年一样。
?
Asyouwillfindout,allisnowsettled.你会发现，现在一切都解决了。
?
Helenissomewhatcrazy,aseveryonecouldsee.海伦有些神经错乱，这种情况每个人都看得出。
注意这一类的as表面上看好像和which代替全句时的用法相似，但as引导的定语从句的最大特点是它的意思多侧重于表达“（正）像……、（正）如……”及类似的意思。
一般说来，当关系代词在从句中作be动词的主语或一般动词的宾语时，which和as可交替使用；当关系代词在从句中作一般动词（非be动词）的主语时，只能用which；as可置于句首、句中，而which则不能。
例如：
?
Hewaslateforschool,as/whichwasusualwithhim.他上学迟到了，他经常这样。
?
Hesawthegirl,as/whichhehadhoped（hewould）.他见到了那位姑娘姑娘，正像他希望的那样。
?
Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedhim.他见到了那位姑娘，这使得他很开心。
（句中的which不能用as代替，因为从句中的delighted是非be动词）
?
Ashasbeensaidbefore,grammarisnotasetofdeadrules.正如上面所说的那样，语法不是一套死的规则。
（句中的As不能用Which代替，因为此定语从句置于句首）
as用法的第二种情况：
?
There’sasgoodfishintheseaasevercameoutofit.海里有的是鱼；天涯处处有芳草。
?
Hereissobigastoneasnomancanlift.这是一块没人能搬动的大石头。
?
Hermannerandattitudetowardhimwerequitethesameastheyhadalwaysbeen.她对他的举止和态度和往常是完全相同的。
?
Hedoesnotpossesssuchamindasisnecessarytoascientist.他缺乏科学家所必须具备的头脑。
?
Suchfoodastheygaveuswasscarcelyfittoeat.他们给我们的食物很不适合吃。
一.单选：
1.A football fan is _____ has a strong interest in football.
A. that B. who C. a person who D. what
2. The house, _____ was destroyed in the terrible fire, has been repaired.
A. whose roof B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof
3. Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day?
A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked
D. you talked about
4. The matter _____ you were arguing about last night has been settled.
A. that B. what C. why D. for which
5. They talked for about an hour of things and persons _____ they
remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom
6. Who _____ has common sense（常识）will do such a thing?
A. which B. who C. whom D. that
7. All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.
A. that B. those C. which D. what
8. They asked him to tell them everything _____ he saw at the front.
A. what B. that C. which D. where
9. I’ll tell you _____ he told me last night.
A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all
10. A child _____ parents have died is called an orphan.
A. who B. who’sC. whose D. which
11. Is this the museum _____ you visited the other day?
A. ThatB. where C. in which D. the one
12. Is this museum _____ some German friends visited last Wednesday?
A. that B. where C. in which D. the one
13. —How do you like the book?
—It’s quite different from _____ I read last month.
A. that B. WhichC. the one D. the one what
14. Is that the reason _____ you are in favor of the proposal?
A. which B. what C. why D. for that
15. The train _____ she was traveling was late.
A. which B. where C. on which D. in that
16. He has lost the key to the drawer _____ the papers are kept.
A. where B. on which C. under which D. which
17. Antarctic _____ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round.
A. which B. where C. that D. about which
18. He arrived at a time, ______, in his opinion, was rather inappropriate for them.
A. ThatB. / C. which D. when
19. He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies. A. whom B. who C. when D. because
20. The Second World War _____ millions of people were killed ended in 1945. A. when B. during thatC. in which D. Which
21. He was born in the year _____ the Anti-Japanese War broke out.
A. which B. when C. on which D. during which
22. Mr. Crossett will never forget the day _____ he spent with his various
students.
A. when B. which C. on which D. in which
23. This is just the place _____ I am looking forward to visiting these years.
A. that B. where C. in which D. to where
24. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _____ live my
grandparents.
A. which B. that C. who D. where
25. The hotel _____ during our holidays stands by the seaside.
A. in which we stayed B. where we stayed at C. we stayed
D. in that we stayed
26. I have bought the same dress _____ she is wearing.
A. as B. that C. which D. than
27. He is not _____ a fool _____.
A. such/as he is looked B. such/as he looks
C. as/as he is lookedD. so/as he looks
28. The time ______ was given to us was too limited. We must hurry up.
A. when B. during which C. that D. for which
29. Some of the roads were flooded, _____ made our journey more difficult.
A. which B. it C. what D. that
30. He must be from Africa, _____ can be seen from his skin.
A. that B. as C. who D. what
31. He has two sons, _____ work as chemists.
A. two of whom B. both of whom
C. both of which D. all of whom
32. The buses, _____ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. most
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