英语高三英语阅读理解试题经典及解析.docx
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英语高三英语阅读理解试题经典及解析
(英语)高三英语阅读理解试题经典及解析
一、高中英语阅读理解
1.阅读理解
Durian(榴莲)isprobablythesmelliestfruitintheworld,lettingoutanunusualunpleasantsmellwhichwouldmakeanyonebringup.However,nobodywasawareofwhatgavethisfruititsuniquesmell,soateamofresearchersfromSingaporedecidedtotakealookatitsgenome(基因组)andfindout,
Durianiswell-knownthroughoutSoutheastAsiaasthekingoffruits,mostlybecauseofitsawfulappearanceandsmell.However,theoriginofthisunpleasantsmellwasunknown,soresearchersdecidedtomapthegenomeofthefruit,andfindthegenethatcontrolledit.Agroupofgenes,volatilesulfurcompounds(含硫化合物),becameveryactiveinthefruit,andtheywerefoundresponsibleforresultingintheunpleasantsmell.
Thefruitconfuseseveryonewithasulfuricsmell,likerottenonionsandingredients.Thesmelllastslong,mostlybecausethefruitcontainsmorevolatilesulfurcompounds.Otherspeciesusuallybenefitfromtwogenecopiesatmost,butdurianhasfour,leadingtothestrikingsmell.
However,thissmellmightbeanadvantagefordurianinthewild.Althoughwefinditunpleasant,manyanimalsmightbeattractedbyit.Iftheyeatthefruit,thentheycaneasilyspreaditsseedseverywhere,thuscontributingtothedistributionofthespecies.
Themappingoftheduriangenomealsoshowedsomeotherinformationonthespecies.Firstofall,thefruithasanimpressivenumberofgenes,namely46,000.Also,withthehelpofthesegenes,theysawhowitevolved,anddiscovereditwasrelatedtothecacaotree.AlltheotherdiscoverieshavebeenpublishedinthejournalNatureGenetics.
Despitethestrikingsmell,manypeopleactuallyenjoyeatingthefruit.However,notalldurianspeciesareedible,andsomeofthemmayevencausedamagetoourhealth,Evenso,thefruitisoftenimported,significantlycontributingtotheeconomy.
(1)Whatgivedurianitsuniquesmell?
A. Onionsnearby.
B. Twogenecopies.
C. Rotteningredientsinit.
D. Volatilesulfurcompounds.
(2)Whatdoestheunderlinedword“evolved”inParagraph5probablymean?
A. Developed. B. Escaped. C. Predicted. D. Tolerated.
(3)Whatcanweinferfromthetext?
A. Nobirdsenjoyeatingdurian.
B. Duriancanbeplantedallovertheworld.
C. Someofdurianspeciescannotbeeaten.
D. Durianhasnorelationshipwiththecacaotree.
(4)What'sthebesttitleforthetext?
A. What'sDurian?
B. TheInfluenceoftheSmell
C. TheDistributionofDurian D. TheMysteryoftheUnpleasantSmellofDurian
【答案】
(1)D
(2)A
(3)C
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文,新加坡的研究者找出导致水果有难闻气味的原因就是水果中含有的挥发性硫化合物非常活跃,这种气味对于野外生存榴莲来说有利于吸引动物来吃这种水果,同时传播种子。
(1)考查细节理解。
根据第二段中的“soresearchersdecidedtomapthegenomeofthefruit,andfindthegenethatcontrolledit.Agroupofgenes,volatilesulfurcompounds(含硫化合物),becameveryactiveinthefruit,andtheywerefoundresponsibleforresultingintheunpleasantsmell.”可知,研究人员找到一组基因——挥发性硫化合物(South-Type),在水果中非常活跃,发现是它们导致了这种难闻的气味。
故选D。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据倒数第二段内容可知,研究者画出了榴莲的基因图。
通过基因图,发现了这种水果的基因庞大,有46000条基因。
在这些基因的帮助下,他们了解了榴莲的基因如何演变的,并发现榴莲与可可树有关。
A项develop“使进化”,与划线词evolved是同义词。
故选A。
(3)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“notalldurianspeciesareedible,andsomeofthemmayevencausedam6.agetoourhealth,”可知,并不是所有的榴莲都是能吃的,有些榴莲是不可以吃的。
由此可推断出选C。
(4)考查主旨大意。
文章说榴莲可能是世界上最臭的水果,但没有人知道原因。
新加坡的研究者决定来查明原因。
最后通过绘制的榴莲基因图发现了它难闻气味的原因。
由此可知,本文最好的题目应该是“榴莲难闻之谜”最为适合,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,,推理判断,词义猜测和主旨大意四个题型的考查,是一篇科普类阅读,要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上,进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系,进行分析,推理,概括和归纳,从而选出正确答案。
2.阅读理解
In2015,amannamedNigelRichardsmemorized386,000wordsintheentireFrenchScrabbleDictionaryinjustnineweeks.However,hedoesnotspeakFrench.Richards'impressivefeatisausefulexampletoshowhowartificialintelligenceworks—realAI.BothofRichardandAItakeinmassiveamountsofdatatoachievegoalswithunlimitedmemoryandsupermanaccuracyinacertainfield.
ThepotentialapplicationsforAIareextremelyexciting.BecauseAIcanoutperformhumansatroutinetasks—providedthetaskisinonefieldwithalotofdata—itistechnicallycapableofreplacinghundredsofmillionsofwhiteandbluecollarjobsinthenext15yearsorso.
ButnoteveryjobwillbereplacedbyAI.Infact
fourtypesofjobsarenotatriskatall.First,therearecreativejobs.AIneedstobegivenagoaltooptimize.Itcannotinvent,likescientists,novelistsandartistscan.Second,thecomplex,strategicjobs—executives,diplomats,economists—gowellbeyondtheAIlimitationofsingle-fieldandBigData.Thentherearetheas-yet-unknownjobsthatwillbecreatedbyAI.
Areyouworriedthatthesethreetypesofjobswon'temployasmanypeopleasAIwillreplace?
Nottoworry,asthefourthtypeismuchlarger:
jobswhereemotionsareneeded,suchasteachers,nanniesanddoctors.Thesejobsrequirecompassion,trustandsympathy—whichAIdoesnothave.AndevenifAItriedtofakeit,nobodywouldwantarobottellingthemtheyhavecancer,orarobottobabysittheirchildren.
SotherewillstillbejobsintheageofAI.Thekeythenmustberetrainingtheworkforcesopeoplecandothem.Thismustbetheresponsibilitynotjustofthegovernment,whichcanprovidefunds,butalsoofcorporationsandthosewhobenefitmost.
(1)Whatisthemainpurposeofparagraph1?
A. Tointroducethetopic.
B. TomentionNigel'sfeat.
C. Tostresstheimportanceofgoodmemory.
D. TosuggesthumansgobeyondAIinmemory.
(2)Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"outperform"underlinedinparagraph2?
A. Besuperiorto
B. Beinferiorto
C. Besimilarto
D. Berelatedto
(3)Whichofthefollowingjobsisthemostlikelytobereplaced?
A. Thewriter.
B. Theshopassistant.
C. Thebabysitter.
D. Thepsychologist.
(4)WhichofthefollowingsuggestionscantheauthorgiveaboutjobreplacementofAI?
A. LimittheapplicationofAItoacertaindegree.
B. Getmoresupportfromthegovernment.
C. Applyforthedonationfromcompanies.
D. Upgradepeople'sprofessionalskillsallthetime.
【答案】
(1)A
(2)A
(3)B
(4)D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文,人工智能有取代人类工作的潜力,但是,并非所有工作都会被人工智能取代,有四种类型的工作完全没有风险。
因此,在人工智能时代人类仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。
(1)考查推理判断。
根据第一段可知一个名叫奈杰尔·理查兹(NigelRichards)的人在短短九周内记住了《法国拼字游戏词典》中的386,000个单词。
但是,他不会说法语。
其展示了人工智能是如何工作的。
而后文主要与人工智能有关,由此推断作者写第一段的目的是引出人工智能这个话题。
故选A。
(2)考查词义猜测。
根据第二段中的“BecauseAIcanoutperformhumansatroutinetasks—providedthetaskisinonefieldwithalotofdata”可知AI可以在日常任务中outperform人类(前提是该任务在一个涉及到大量数据的领域中;以及“itistechnicallycapableofreplacinghundredsofmillionsofwhiteandbluecollarjobsinthenext15yearsorso.”可知从技术上讲,人工智能具有在未来大约15年里取代成千上万的白领和蓝领工作的能力。
结合下文推断人工智能能够具有取代人类的工作是因为AI在日常任务中表现超过了人类,划线词的意思是"胜过,超过",故选A。
(3)考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“First,therearecreativejobs.AIneedstobegivenagoaltooptimize.Itcannotinvent,likescientists,novelistsandartistscan.”可知四种类型的工作完全没有风险。
首先,有创造性的工作。
人工智能不可能像科学家,小说家和艺术家那样进行发明创造。
也就是作家和科学家不会被取代。
排除A;再根据第四段中的“asthefourthtypeismuchlarger:
jobswhereemotionsareneeded,suchasteachers,nanniesanddoctors.”可知需要情感的工作,例如老师,保姆和医生也不大可能被取代,因此排除C和D。
故选B。
(4)考查推理判断。
根据最后一段中的“SotherewillstillbejobsintheageofAI.Thekeythenmustberetrainingtheworkforcesopeoplecandothem.”可知作者认为在AI时代仍然会有工作,关键必须是对劳动力进行再培训,这样人们才能从事这些工作。
进行培训是为了得到专业技能,由此推断作者会给出一直提升人们的专业技能的建议,故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解,词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查,是一篇科技类阅读,考生需要准确掌握细节信息,并根据上下文进行逻辑推理,从而选出正确答案。
3.阅读理解
SamantaSchweblin,oneofthebestyoungSpanishlanguagenovelistsnominated(提名)byBritishliterarymagazineGranta,hasvisitedBeijingtopromotethefirstChineseeditionofacollectionofhershortstories.Thecollection,BirdsintheMouth,hasbeentranslatedandpublishedbyShanghai-basedpublisherReader.
“SometimesIholdtheChineseeditionandchooseastoryatrandomandtrytoguesswhichoneitis.Butitisalmostimpossibleforme;eventhelengthisdifferent.”saysSchweblin.“WhenabookistranslatedintoaWesternlanguage,Icanatleastunderstandsomepartsofmystories,andthereforesuffersomedoubtaboutthequalityofthetranslation.ButmyChineseeditionismorelikeanactoffaith.”
BorninArgentinain1978,SchweblinsayssheisinfluencedbytheliterarytraditionsoftheLaPlataarea,hometomanyfamousLatin-Americannovelists.
Interestedinwritingstoriesofordinaryliveswheresuddenlysomethingextraordinaryhappens,somethingnew,strangeorunknown,shethinks,“Thestrangerandtheunknownarenotalwaysrelatedtoghostsoraliens,butcanbesomethingrelatedtotheknownworld,somethingthatactuallycouldhappen.”
BirdsintheMouthtellsofadivorcedfatherwhoworriesabouthis13-year-olddaughterandhermysteriousappetites.Itturnsoutthathisdaughtereatslivebirds.
TheideaforthisstorycametoSchweblinwhenshewasbrowsingtheInternet,“Click,click,click,apictureofalittlegirlwholooksfrightenedwithherhandscoveringhermouthcametomyeyes.Littlebylittle,Idevelopedthestoryinmymind,andthenwroteitdown”recallsSchweblin.
AlthoughthereareelementsofviolenceandbloodinessinSchweblin'sstories,sheskillfullyhidesthem,thinkingthetricktowritingathrillingstoryistostopthemonsterfromappearing,whilemaintainingafrighteningandmysteriousatmosphere.
(1)SamantaSchweblincametoChinato .
A. payavisittoBeijing B. translateherstoriesintoChinese