高中英语宾语从句 讲义.docx
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高中英语宾语从句讲义
高中英语复习测试题
1.Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou．
A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If
2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.
A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecome
C.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome
3.Couldyoutellme_________thenearesthospitalis?
A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where
4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?
A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemend
C.howhemendedD.whathemended
5.Iwanttoknow_________.
A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislooking
C.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter
6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?
A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive
7.Doyouknowwhattime_________?
A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleaveC.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves
8.Idon'tknow_________.Canyoutellme,please?
A.howthetwoplayersareoldB.howoldarethetwoplayers
C.thetwoplayersarehowoldD.howoldthetwoplayersare
9.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow_________.
A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockings
C.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockings
10.Ican'tunderstand_________.
A.whatdoesChristmasmeanB.whatChristmasdoesmean
C.whatmeanChristmasdoesD.whatChristmasmeans
宾语从句
一、定义：
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。
在复合句中宾语从句作主句中谓语动词、介词的宾语。
在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：
Iknowtheman.
而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：
Iknowthatthemanisapoliceman.
主句引导词从句
练习1:
下列从句中，属于宾语从句的是哪些？
a.ThisistheonlybookthatIcanfind.
b.Irememberhegavemeabookyesterday.
c.Ididn'tgotobeduntilmyfathercameback.
d.I'mafraidthatifyoulostit,youmustpayforit.
e.ThisistheschoolwhereIstudiedthreeyearsago.
宾语从句三大块:
1.引导宾语从句的连接词（从属连接词和连接代词）；
2.宾语从句的语序；
3.宾语从句的时态。
二、宾语从句的引导词（连接词）
作用
有无意义
在从句中所做成分
从属连接词
that
只起连接作用
无
无
Whether/if
起连接作用
有（表示是否）
无
连接词
连接代词
What
连接+从句中做成分
什么（指物）
主，宾，表
Which
连接+从句中做成分
哪一个（指物）
主，宾，表
who
连接+从句中做成分
谁（指人主格）
主，表
whom
连接+从句中做成分
谁（指人宾格）
宾
whose
连接+从句中做成分
谁的（指人所有格）
定
连接副词
Where
连接+从句中做成分
地点
状语
When
连接+从句中做成分
时间
状语
Why
连接+从句中做成分
原因
状语
How
连接+从句中做成分
方式
状语
1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。
如：
MyteachersaidIwasagoodboy.老师说我是个好男孩。
Shedoesn’tknow（that）sheisseriouslyill.
Iamsure（that）hewillsucceed.
练习2:
（重庆市）
Iwastold_____BillGateswasthirteenhebegantoplaywithcomputers.
A.thathowB.howthat
C.whenthatD.thatwhen
2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。
如：
（1）IsJimagoodstudent?
Idon’tknow
Idon’tknowif/whetherJimisagoodstudent.
（2）DoesKategetupearly?
Doyouknow?
Doyouknowif/whetherKategetsupearly?
练习3：
DoesMr.BrownenjoylivinginChina?
Couldyoutellus?
（改写句子）
→Couldyoutellus_________Mr.Brown_________livinginChina?
答案：
whether/if;enjoy
注意：
只能用whether不用if的三种情况
•一般情况下，if和whether可以互换，但以下3种情况只能用whether：
•①与ornot连用：
HeaskedmewhetherornotIwascoming.Letmeknowwhetheryoucancomeornot.
•②在介词之后：
Itdependsonwhetheritisgoingtorain.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings
•③在不定式之前：
Wehaven’tdecidedwhethertogothere.Idon’tknowwhethertoacceptorrefuse.
练习4：
Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou．
A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If
答案：
D
3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。
如：
1.Whatisshedoing?
Canyoutellme?
Canyoutellmewhatsheisdoing?
2.Wheredoesshelive?
Doyouknow?
Doyouknowwhereshelives?
Ⅱ.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序
句式
连词
语序
例句
陈述句
That
不变
Ithinkthatwecanbegoodfriends.
一般疑问句
if/whether
改为陈述语序
Ican’trememberifIpostedtheletter.
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词
改为陈述语序
Canyoutellmewhatsheisdoing?
练习5：
Pleasetellme______whatlastyear.
A.wheredoesyoursisterworkBwheredidyoursisterwork
CwhereyoursisterworksDwhereyoursisterworked
答案：
D
Youmustremember________.
A.whatyourmothersaidB.whatdidyourmothersay
C.yourmothersaidwhatD.whathasyourmothersaid
答案：
A
注意事项:
当从句的原句为以下句子以及what,who作主语时，语序不变：
What’swrong?
What’sthematter?
What’shappening?
eg:
Idon’tknowwhat’sthematter.
Canyoutellmewhoisoverthere?
Ⅲ.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应
1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是任何时态。
Idon’tthink（that）youareright.
Pleasetelluswherewe’llgofishingtomorrow.
DoyouknowwhenMr.Smithmovedhere?
练习6：
Doyouknowwhere_________now?
A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive
答案：
A
Doyouknowwhattime_________?
A.thetrainleaveB.doesthetrainleave
C.willthetrainleaveD.thetrainleaves
答案：
D
2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的___过去______时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）。
例如：
HetoldmethathewasborninBeijingin1992.
HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.
练习7：
1Thegirlsaskedifthey____somefoodanddrinkwiththem.
A.tookB.take
C.takesD.willtake
2Catherinesaidthatshe___toGuangzhou.
A.hasnevergoneB.hadnevergone
C.hasneverbeenD.hadneverbeen
答案：
1.A2.D
特殊情况：
1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍用现在时。
Dadtoldusthatitisbettertodothantosay.
Hetoldtheboythatthreeandthreeissix.
Couldyoutellmewherethebookshopis.
2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。
Theteachertoldmeshewasbornin1960.
小口诀：
宾语从句三注意，时态语序引导词；主句一般现在时，从句不需受限制；
主句一般过去时，从句须用相应时；陈述转化that引，一般疑问用if/whether,
特殊问句疑问词，引导词后陈述式。
Ⅳ宾语从句的转化
1.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主从句主语一致时可简化为不定式结构。
如：
Eg:
Sheagreedthatshecouldhelpmewithmymath.
→Sheagreedtohelpmewithmymath.
2.当主句的谓语动词是know,learn,forget,remember,decide等后面有特殊疑问词引导的宾从时，可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。
例如：
Eg:
Sheforgotwhatsheshouldtake.
→sheforgettotakeit
3.当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。
如：
Shefoundthatthewalletlay/waslyingontheground.
→Shefoundthewalletlie/lyingontheground.
Ⅴ否定转移
当主句谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,expect等词，而宾语从句的意思是否定时，常把否定转移至主句表示。
Idon’tthinkitisrightforhimtotreatyoulikethat.
主句的谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
Idon’tbelievethatmaniskilledbyJim,ishe?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
IexpectourEnglishteacherwillbebackthisweekend,won'tshe/he?
Wesupposeyouhavefinishedtheproject,haven'tyou?
宾语从句专项习题
1.Haveyoudecided________forAustralia?
A.whenwillyouleaveB.whendoyouleave
C.youwillleavewhenD.whenyouwillleave
2.Canyoutellme_________?
A.wheredoesTomliveB.whereTomlivedC.TomliveswhereD.whereTomlives
3.Theoldmanaskedme________.
A.wherewasthecinemaB.whereisthecinema
C.wherethecinemawasD.wherewasthewaytothecinema
4.Ithink_______youwilllikehim.
A.thatB.ifC.whyD.how
5.Ididn’tknow_______hewillcomeornot.
A.thatB.whetherC.weatherD.how
6.Iwonder_________.
A.howmuchcosttheseshoesB.howmuchdotheseshoescost
C.howmuchtheseshoescostD.howmucharetheseshoescost
7.Sheaskedme_________
A.whohewasB.whowasheC.whoisheD.whoheis
8.Askhim___.
A.whosecupthisisB.whosecupisthisC.thisiswhosecupD.whoseisthiscup
9.Idon’tknow_________.
A.whattimethemoviestartsB.whattimestartsthemovie
C.thetimetostartthemovieD.themoviewhattimestarts
10.Thedoctoraskedmehowlong________.
A.wasIillB.haveIbeenillC.IhavebeenillD.Ihadbeenill
11.Theweatherforecastdoesn’tsay_________.
A.ifitrainstomorrowB.ifdoesitraintomorrow
C.ifitwillraintomorrowD.ifwillitraintomorrow
12.Doyouknow_________?
A.whosepenisthisB.whosepenthisis
C.whomdoesthepenbelongtoD.whomthepenbelongto
13.Couldyoutellmewhere_________?
A.thetapewasB.wasthetapeC.thetapeisD.isthetape
14.Theywanttoknow_________?
A.whereisthehospitalB.howoldareyou
C.whenthetrainwillleaveD.whyistheboycrying
15.Tonywantedtoknow_________.
A.whathadFatherChristmasputinhisstocking
B.whenFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking
C.whatFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking
D.whereFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking
16.Nooneknows___theprofessorwillcometoourschooltomorrowtogiveusatalkornot.
A.whenB.whetherC.whereD.if
17.Julydidn’tknow_________.
A.whereisTim’sfatherB.whenwasthefirstwatchmade
C.whotheoldmanisD.whatwaswrongwithherwatch
18.Noonetoldus_________,soweneedyourhelp.
A.howshouldwedoB.whatweshoulddoC.whattodoD.whatshouldwedo
19.Wedon’tknow_________withtherubbishanditpollutesoutlandandsea.
A.howdoitB.howtodoC.whatdoitD.whattodo
20.Heaskedme_________.
A.whetherIfindoutthesenderofthemoney
B.whetherdidIfindoutthesenderofthemoney
C.whetherthesenderofthemoneyfoundout
D.whetherIfoundoutthesenderofthemoney
能力提高练习
1.Idon'tknow_________hewillcometomorrow._________hecomes,I'lltellyou．
A.if;WhetherB.whether;WhetherC.if;ThatD.if;If
2.Idon'tknow_________thedayaftertomorrow.
A.whendoeshecomeB.howwillhecomeC.ifhecomesD.whetherhe'llcome
3.Couldyoutellme____thenearesthospitalis?
A.whatB.howC.whetherD.where
4.Couldyoutellme_________theradiowithoutanyhelp?
A.howdidhemendB.whatdidhemendC.howhemendedD.whathemended
5.Iwanttoknow_________.
A.whomisshelookingafterB.whomsheislooking
C.whomisshelookingD.whomsheislookingafter
6.Doyouknowwhere_________now?
A.helivesB.doesheliveC.helivedD.didhelive
7.Doyouknowwhattime_____
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