宾语从句高中 难.docx

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宾语从句高中 难.docx

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宾语从句高中 难.docx

宾语从句高中难

宾语从句

1.概念:

宾语从句是名词性从句的一种,即在在主从复合句中充当宾语,起宾语作用的句子。

包括动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和系表结构的宾语从句。

宾语从句的连接词that,whether,if;连接代词what,who,whom,whose,which等;连接副词when,where,why,how等。

注:

从属连词是连词的一种,用来引导名词性从句和状语从句。

2.宾语从句的句法功能

1.做动词的宾语

Hesaid(that)youweretooyoungtounderstandthematter.

【拓展】有些短语动词也可以接宾语从句,如makeupone’smind(下决心),makesure(确保),keepinmind(牢记)等。

Makesurethatnoonefindsoutaboutthis.

2.做介词的宾语

Italldependsonwhetheritwillbefine(adj.好的;健康的;晴朗的;)thedayaftertomorrow.

3.做系表结构的宾语。

常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有:

afraid,sure,certainly,glad,pleased,happy,sorry,satisfied,surprised等。

Shewassorrythatshehadn’tfinishedherworkontime.

3.宾语从句的引导词

1.that

由that引导的宾语从句表示陈述意义。

从属连词that无实际意义,在从句中不充当任何成分。

Hesaid(that)hewasgoodatdrawing.

I’msure(that)hewillcometomorrow.

【注意】

(1)在以下情况中that不能省略:

A.当宾语从句的主语是this,that或被this,that修饰时。

Shesaidthatthisbookwasveryuseful.

Hetoldusthatthatwaswhyhewaslate.

(2)许多带复合宾语的句子,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子后部,而用it作形式宾语。

例句:

Ifinditnecessarythatweshoulddothehomeworkontime.

(3)如果主句的谓语动词是ask时,连词不可能是that;如果主句的谓语动词是say时,连词用that.

Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.

Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.

HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.

Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.

2.whether/if

(1)可用whether/if的情况

whether/if引导的从句在从句中不做成分,意为“是否”。

Iwonderwhether/iftheywillcometoourparty.

(2)只用whether不用if的情况

A.引导介词后的宾语从句时。

I’minterestedinwhetherhejoinsthearmy.

B.与ornot连用时。

Couldyoutellmewhetheryougoornot?

C.与动词不定式连用时,也只能用whether。

Tomorrowtheteacherwilltelluswhethertohavearest.

D.在少数动词后,如discuss,doubt等动词后的宾语从句常用whether。

Theyarediscussingwhetherweshouldgroup(v.合并)thesethreecompanies.

E.当宾语从句放在句首时,不能用if,只能用whether.

Whetherthisistrueornot,Ican’tsay.这是否是真的,我说不上来。

(3)只能用if不用whether的情况:

当if引导否定概念的宾语从句时。

例句:

HeaskedifIdidn’tcometoschoolyesterday.

3.连接代词引导的宾语从句

宾语从句可由连接代词what,whatever,who,whom,whose,which,whoever, whomever,whichever等引导,它们在其中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等,不能被省略。

Canyoutellmewhomyouarewaitingfor?

Webelievewhatshetoldus.我们相信她对我们说的话。

Doyouknowwhohaswonthegame?

4.连接副词引导的宾语从句

宾语从句可由连接副词when,where,why,how等引导,它们在句中担任状语的成分,不能被省略。

NoneofusknowswhereEnglishbookscanbebought.

Hedidn’ttellmewhenweshouldmeetagain.他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面。

四.宾语从句的时态

1.当主句谓语动词是一般现在时或者祈使句时,宾语从句根据情况选用时态(主现从任)

Theheadmasterhopeseverythinggoeswell(顺利).

Pleasetellmewhomyouwenttotheparkwiththismorning.

2.当主句谓语动词是过去的某种时态时,从句中谓语动词也要用过去范畴的时态(主过从过)。

但若从句陈述的是真理或客观规律,不论主句是什么时态,其谓语的时态仍用一般现在时。

Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion4onPage5.

Shesaidthatshehadfinishedherhomeworkalready.

Myfathertoldmethattheearthgoesaroundthesun.

【注意】

(1)could/would是委婉语气,而不是过去式,因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态

Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?

Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?

五.宾语从句的语序

引导词(在最前)+陈述句语序(即:

主语在前,谓语在后.即使从句表达的是疑问含义).

Thephotographswillshowyouwhatourvillagelookslike.

HeaskedhowmuchIpaidfortheviolin.

【注意】宾语从句要用陈述语序,主语前不可有be动词,情态动词或助动词do,does,did,have,has,had等。

六.宾语从句的否定转移

当主句的谓语是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,expect等表示主观看法的动词,且主句的主语是第一人称时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.

Idon’tthinkhewillcometomyparty.

Wedon’tbelieveshecandoitbetter,canshe?

Idon’tsupposeI’lltroubleyouagain.

*七.宾语从句的简化

1.由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句,如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时,可以用“疑问词+不定式”做宾语的简单句结构。

Idon’tknowwhatIshoulddonext.

→Idon’tknowwhattodonext.

2.当主句的谓语动词是see,watch,hear等感官动词时,从句可简化为“宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语补足语为不带to的动词不定式或动词-ing形式。

Hesawthewalletwaslyingonthefloor.=Hesawthewalletlying(v.躺;说谎;坐落在;处于…状态)onthefloor.

1.Noonecanbesure_______inamillionyears.(91)陈述语序A

A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklike

C.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike

2.Youcanonlybesureof______youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething_____youmightgetinthefuture..(2007年安徽)

A.that;whatB.what;/C.which;thatD./;that

3.Acomputercanonlydo _____youhaveinstructedittodo.

A.how  B.after    C.what      D.when

4.Hespokeproudlyofhispartinthegame,withoutmentioning_____histeammateshaddone.

A.what      B.which     C.why       D.while

5.Thebosswentuptoask_____.

A.whatthematterwas B.what’sthematterC.whatwasthematter D.whatthematteris

6.Wewereallsurprisedwhenhemadeitclearthathe_____officesoon.

A.leavesB.wouldleave    C.hadleftD.hadbeenaway

7.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat________inmynewjob.

A.expected      B.toexpect    C.tobeexpecting  D.expects

8.ItissaidinAustraliathereismorelandthanthegovernmentknows________.

A.itwhattodowith    B.whattodoitwithC.whattodowithit    D.todowhatwithit

9.Themotherdidn’tknow_____toblamefor(blamefor因…怪罪,责怪某人)thebrokenglassesasithappenedwhileshewasout.

A.who  B.when     C.how       D.What

10.Didyoufindout______?

  A.shewaslookingforwhosechild   B.whosechildwasshelookingfor

  C.whosechildsheislookingfor    D.whosechildshewaslookingfor

11.Areyouinterestedin_____?

  A.howdidhedoit  B.hedidithow C.howhedidit D.hehowdidit

12.Idon’tknow_____.Canyoutellme?

D

  A.howthetwoplayersareold     B.howoldarethetwoplayers

C.thetwoplayersarehowold     D.howoldthetwoplayersare

13.It’s7:

30.Ican’tbelieveyou___cookingdinneryet,Sally.

  A.haven’tstarted B.didn’t C.don’tstart D.hadn’tstarted

14.TheteachertoldusyesterdaythatDecember25____ChristmasDay.

A.is   B.was   C.hasbeen       D.willbe

15.Theteachersaidthattheearth_______roundthesun.

A.goes  B.go C.went D.willgo

16.Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild_____heorshewants.(NMET1997)

A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever

17.Thesephotographswillshowyou_______.(89)

A.whatdoesourvillagelooklikeB.whatourvillagelookslike

C.howdoesourvillagelooklikeD.howourvillagelookslike

18.Canyoumakesure_______thegoldring?

(90)

A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceput

C.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput

19.Heasked________fortheviolin.(93)

A.didIpayhowmuchB.Ipaidhowmuch

C.howmuchdidIpayD.howmuchIpaid

20.—Doyouremember_______hecame?

—Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.(94)

A.howB.whenC.thatD.If

21.ThesewildflowersaresospecialIwoulddo________Icantosavethem.(00)

A.thatB.whichC.whicheverD.whatever

22.Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtis________mymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.(01)

A.whenB.howC.whetherD.why

23.Whenyouanswerquestionsinajobinterview,pleaserememberthegoldenrule:

Alwaysgivethemonkeyexactly________hewants.(2002上海)

A.whatB.whichC.whenD.that

24.Wecannotfigureout(想出;解决;计算出;弄明白)_______quiteanumberofinsects,birds,andanimalsaredyingout.(2004北京)C.

A.thatB.asC.whyD.when

25.Parentsaretaughttounderstand______importanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.(04广东)

A.thatB.howC.suchD.so

26.Theroadiscoveredwithsnow.Ican'tunderstand______theyinsistongoingbymotor-bike.(04)A

A.whyB.whetherC.whenD.how

27.Marywroteanarticleon______theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.(05北京)

A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that

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