非谓语动词讲解.docx
《非谓语动词讲解.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《非谓语动词讲解.docx(18页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
![非谓语动词讲解.docx](https://file1.bdocx.com/fileroot1/2022-12/12/66b654be-2c07-4d4a-a330-c6fed4d54948/66b654be-2c07-4d4a-a330-c6fed4d549481.gif)
非谓语动词讲解
非谓语动词讲解与练习
1.非谓语动词包括:
_toplan_不定式_____;___planning_动名词___;_planning/分词planned_现在、过去_____.Wanttosay
Igetupearlytoclimbmountainforexercise.
2.请完成下列表格. ( 以动词make为例,没有的请划/)
名称
一般式
进行式
完成式
被动式
完成被动式
不定式
tomake
tobe
making
tohavemade
tobemade
tohavebeennade
动名词
making
/
Havindmade
Beingmade
Havingbeenmade
过去分词
made
现在分词
3.请完成下列表格.( 非谓语动词它能充当的句子成分划√,不能的划 /)
名称
主语
宾语
表语
定语
状语
补语
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√
过去分词
√
√
√
√
现在分词
√
√
√
√
Make;
tomake;
tobemaking;
tohavemade;
tobemade;
tohavebeenmade
make;making;havingmade;beingmade;havingbeenmade
made
I’mtootiredanddon’tfeellike_____today.
a.tostudyb.studyc.studying
d.tobestudied(2011)
Toswim(intheriver)isdangerous.
Swimmingisgoodforyourhealth.
◆动名词作主语常用句型
Itis/wasnouse/good+doingsth.
如:
Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水难收。
Thereissomedifficulty(problem,trouble,ahardtime(in)doingsth.
Thereisnodoing“是…不可能的”
如:
Thereisno____whatmayhappen.
A.knowB.knowing
C.toknowD.known
◆不定式在句中作主语的常用句型
Itis/was+adj.+forsb.+todosth
如:
ItisdifficultformetolearnEnglishgrammar.
Eatingtoomuchisnotgood___you.
a.tob.forc.atd.of
Itis/was+adj.+ofsb.+todosth
如:
Itwasfoolishofyoutotellalietoyourteacher.(clever,polite,kind,nice,brave,considerate,patient)
Ittakes/(took)sb.+sometime+todosth.
Ittookmehalfanhourtodomyhomework.
◆不定式、动名词作宾语用法要点
一、下面动词只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下列口诀:
决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish,refuse,manage,care,pretend,offer,promise,choose,plan,agree,ask/beg,help
此外,afford,strive(斗争)等也要用不定式作宾语。
例如:
①ShepretendednottoseemewhenIpassedby.
②Weagreedtomeetherebutsofarshehasn’tturnedupyet.
Theradioisveryloud.Can’tyouturnit___alittle?
(2010)
a.offb.onc.upd.down
③Inordertogainabiggershareintheinternationalmarket,manystate-runcompaniesarestrivingtomaketheirproductsmorecompetitive.
二、下列动词只能用动名词作宾语,请牢记下列口诀:
考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练,否认完成停欣赏,
不禁介意准逃亡。
想象禁止去冒险。
consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse,pardon,/admit,delay/putoff,postpone/fancy,avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practise,deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate,can’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape,imagine,forbid,risk
此外beusedto,lookforwardto,leadto,devoteto,stickto,objectto,getdownto,payattentionto,thanksto,can’tstand(无法忍受),giveup,feellike,insiston,putoff,thankyoufor,apologizefor,bebusy(in),havedifficulty/trouble(in),haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)等动词词组也要用动名词作宾语。
Marydidn’thavemuchtimetogototheconcertlastnightbecauseshewasbusy___forherexamination.(2010)
a.toprepareb.tobeprepared
c.preparingd.beingprepared
①Thesquirrelswereluckythattheyjustmissedbeingcaught.
②IcanhardlyimaginePetersailingacrosstheAtlanticOceaninfivedays.
③Iwouldappreciateyourcallingbackthisafternoon.
三、下列动词或词组既可以跟动名词作宾语,也可以跟不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,要特别注意。
1.forgettodosth.忘记去做某事
forgetdoingsth. 忘记已经做过某事
remembertodosth.记住去做某事
rememberdoingsth.记得曾经做过某事
regrettodosth.后悔/遗憾去做某事 regretdoingsth.后悔做过某事
stoptodosth.停下来去做另一件事
stopdoingsth.停止做一件事情
trytodosth.努力/试图做某事
trydoingsth.尝试着做某事
meantodosth.打算(意欲/想/企图)做某事
meandoingsth.意味着做某事
ThereisamanatthereceptiondeskwhoseemsveryangryandIthinkhemeans___trouble.(2010)
a.makingb.tomake
c.tohavemaded.havingmade
goontodosth.(做完某事)接着做另一件事goondoingsth.继续做同一件事(=goonwithsth.)
can’thelptodosth.不能帮助做某事 can’thelpdoingsth.情不自禁地做某事
2.动词like,love,prefer后接不定式或动名词作宾语均可。
如表示经常性的行为可用动名词,如表示具体的行为常用动词不定式。
但要注意:
如果like,love,prefer前有would/should后面则应接动词不定式。
如:
Ilikeswimming,butIdon’tliketoswimthisafternoon.
I’dliketogoswimmingthisweekend.
Heprefers___to____.(2007)
Iprefertostayathomeratherthangoout.
a.stayingathome;goout
b.stayathome;goout
c.stayathome;goingout
d.stayingathome;goingout
I’dpreferhim___thekeyunderthecarpet.(2010)
a.toleaveb.leave
c.leavingd.left
3.在动词allow,advise,forbid,permit后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。
即:
allow/advise/forbid/permitdoingsth.
allow/advise/forbid/permitsb.todosth.
如:
Wedon’tallowsmokinghere.
Wedon’tallowstudentstosmoke.
Thegirldoesn’tallow___inherdrawing-room.Shedoesn’tallowherfamily___atall.(2008)
a.tosmoke;smokingb.tosmoke;tosmoke
c.smoking;tosmoked.smoking;smoking
Theseflowerswantwatering./tobewatered
Thebookisworthreading.
4.动词need,require,want作“需要”解时,其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语,表示事情需要做。
这时动名词的主动式表示被动意义。
beworth后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
此外,若动词need表“需要”,require表“要求”,want表“想要”这些意义时,其后须接名词或代词作宾语,然后接不定式作宾语补足语。
即:
need/require/wantdoing/tobedone
need/require/wantsb.todosth.
beworth+n.(表示钱数或相当于钱数的名词)
beworthdoing
beworthyofbeingdone
beworthyof+n.值得……
beworthytobedone
如:
窗户需要擦一下。
Thewindowneeds/requires/wantscleaning.
Thewindowneeds/requires/wantstobecleaned.
那个地方值得一去。
Theplaceisworthvisiting.
Theplaceisworthyofavisit.
Theplaceisworthyofbeingvisited.
Theplaceisworthytobevisited.
Thehouseneeds___,butweplantowaituntilnextsummer.(2008)
a.paintedb.tobepainted
c.beingpaintedd.topaint
四、动词不定式在介词but,otherthan后面时,如果介词之前有行为动词do的某种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,否则就要带to。
另外在can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut,can’tbut后面的不定式也要省略to。
如:
Wecoulddonothingbut/otherthanwait.
Wehadnothingtodobut/otherthanwait.
Wehavenochoicebuttowait.
Ican’tchoosebutlaugh.
◆分词作定语(判断所修饰的名词与非谓语动词的关系)
1.作定语的及物动词分词形式为:
V–ing;being+过去分词;当被修饰的名词与分词为主动关系时,用V–ing;当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表正在进行时,用being+过去分词;当被修饰的名词与分词为被动关系且表完成时,用过去分词。
例如:
Thehousesbeingbuiltarefortheteachers.
ThebrokenglassisTom’s.
Ihaveneverseenamoremovingmovie.
2.作定语的不及物动词分词形式为:
V–ing和过去分词。
V–ing表示正在进行;过去分词表示已经完成。
如:
fallingleaves正落的叶子 fallenleaves落下的叶子
boilingwater正沸腾的水 boiledwater沸腾过的水(白开水)
◆不定式、过去分词和现在分词作定语的区别被动式
这三种形式作定语,主要是体现在动作的发生时间上。
Ø过去分词表示的动作或是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生,或是没有一定的时间性。
如:
HaveyoureadthenovelwrittenbyDickens?
Heisamanlovedandrespectedbyall.
Ø现在分词的被动式作定语时表示的动作正在发生或是与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生。
如:
Listen!
Thesongbeingsungisverypopularwiththestudents.
Ø不定式的被动式作定语时,表示一个未来的动作。
如:
Thequestiontobediscussedatthetomorrow’smeetingisaveryimportantone.
练习:
1.Icouldn’tunderstandthelanguage___inthatcountry.
a.tospeakb.speaking
c.tobespokend.spoken
2.Lessons____easilyaresoonforgotten.
a.tolearnb.learn
c.learnedd.learning
3.Theworkman____ahatislyingonthebench.
a.towearb.wears
c.wornd.wearing
4.Themeeting___nowisofgreatimportance.
a.toholdb.tobeheld
c.beingheldd.held
5.Themeeting____yesterdayisofgreatimportance.
a.toholdb.tobeheld
c.beingheldd.held
6.Themeeting____tomorrowisofgreatimportance.
a.toholdb.tobeheld
c.beingheldd.held
7.Theflowers___sweetinthebotanicalgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofnature.
a.beingsmeltb.smelling
c.smeltd.tobesmelt
◆不定式、现在分词,过去分词作宾补小窍门(判断宾语与非谓语动词的关系)
下列动词后在主动语态中用不带to的不定式作补语,但在被动语态中要加上to:
它们是“5看3使2听一1感觉”——5看(lookat,see,(saw,seen)watch,notice,observe);3使(make,(made)let,have);2听(listento,hear(heard));1感觉(feel)。
Isawadogcomeintoourclassroom.
Adogwasseentocomeintoourclassroom.
以上动词还可用现在分词作宾语补足语即以上动词除let,make外都可以用现在分词作宾语补足语,此外find,catch,keep,leave也可以用现在分词作宾语补足语。
如:
Atthattime,Ifoundhimcryinginthestreet.
Hewascaughtstealing.I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.
Themissingboyswerelastseenplayingneartheriver.
练习:
1.Theforeignertriedhisbest,buthestillcouldn’tmakehispoint____
a.understand(主动,完成)
b.understanding(主动,进行)
d.understood(被动,完成)
利用关系:
利用时间
2.Thescientistswerewaitingtoseetheproblem___.
a.settleb.settled
c.tosettled.settling
3.Hegothisshoes____lastweek.
a.mendedb.mend
c.tomendd.mending
4.-----Whydidyougobackupstairs?
----IthoughtIhadleftthewindows____.
a.openedb.open
c.beingopenedd.tobeopened
5.Asheenteredtheroom,hefoundmanybooks___scatteredonthefloor.
a.layingb.laid
c.laind.lying
lie:
liedlied(撒谎)lying
lay;lain(躺;位于)lying
tella(white)lietosb
lay:
laid;laid(下蛋,放置)laying
Mothersawherson___footballhappily.(2010)
a.playb.toplay
c.playingd.played
◆不定式、分词作状语用法要点
一、不定式作状语
Theywenttheretovisittheirteacher.他们去那里拜访老师。
(表目的)
Hewokeuponly/justtofindeverybodygone.他醒来发现大家都走了。
(表示结果)too…to
在某些表示“喜、怒、衷、乐”的形容词、过去分词、动词之后跟不定式表示原因。
(happy,sad,surprised,shocked,astonished,delighted,pleased,weep,cry,laugh)如:
Iamsosorrytohearyourmotherisill.听到你母亲生病真遗憾。
(表示原因)
在带有enough或too的句子里,也常用不定式作状语,表示程度。
如:
Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他到上学年龄了。
Ihavesomethinginterestingtosharewithyou.
Sheistootiredtodothejob.她太累而不能做那件工作了。
Youcannotbe___carefulwhenyoudriveacar.(2010)
a.veryb.soc.tood.enough
Mencannothavetoomanyties.
注意:
强调动词不定式所表示的目的时,动词不定式可用inorderto(为了)或soasto(以便)+动词原形。
soasto不用于句首。
Inorderthat
Hegotupearlyinordertocatchthefirstbus.
Hegotupearlyinorderthathecaughtthefirstbus他早起为了赶上第一班车。
Thebusstoppedsoastopickuppassengers.汽车停下来以便接纳乘客。
Totellyouthetruth,Ihavegotnom