UCP600全文中英文.docx
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UCP600全文中英文
FOREWORD
ThisrevisionoftheUniformCustomsandPracticeforDocumentaryCredits(commonlycalled“UCP”)isthesixthrevisionoftherulessincetheywerefirstpromulgatedin1933.ItisthefruitofmorethanthreeyearsofworkbytheInternationalChamberofCommerce’s(ICC)CommissiononBankingTechniqueandPractice.
ICC,whichwasestablishedin1919,hadasitsprimaryobjectivefacilitatingtheflowofinternationaltradeatatimewhennationalismandprotectionismposedseriousthreatstotheworldtradingsystem.ItwasinthatspiritthattheUCPwerefirstintroduced–toalleviatetheconfusioncausedbyindividualcountries’promotingtheirownnationalrulesonletterofcreditpractice.Theobjective,sinceattained,wastocreateasetofcontractualrulesthatwouldestablishuniformityinthatpractice,sothatpractitionerswouldnothavetocopewithaplethoraofoftenconflictingnationalregulations.TheuniversalacceptanceoftheUCPbypractitionersincountrieswithwidelydivergenteconomicandjudicialsystemsisatestamenttotherules’success.
ItisimportanttorecallthattheUCPrepresenttheworkofaprivateinternationalorganization,notagovernmentalbody.Sinceitsinception,ICChasinsistedonthecentralroleofself-regulationinbusinesspractice.Theserules,formulatedentirelybyexpertsintheprivatesector,havevalidatedthatapproach.TheUCPremainthemostsuccessfulsetofprivaterulesfortradeeverdeveloped.
Arangeofindividualsandgroupscontributedtothecurrentrevision,whichisentitledUCP600.TheseincludetheUCPDraftingGroup,whichsiftedthroughmorethan5000individualcommentsbeforearrivingatthisconsensustext;theUCPConsultingGroup,consistingofmembersfrommorethan25countries,whichservedastheadvisorybodyreactingtoandproposingchangestothevariousdrafts;themorethan400membersoftheICCCommissiononBankingTechniqueandPracticewhomadepertinentsuggestionsforchangesinthetext;andICCnationalcommitteesworldwidewhichtookanactiveroleinconsolidatingcommentsfromtheirmembers.ICCalsoexpressesitsgratitudetopractitionersinthetransportandinsuranceindustries,whoseperceptivesuggestionshonedthefinaldraft.
GuySebban
SecretaryGeneral
InternationalChamberofCommerce
INTRODUCTION
InMay2003,theInternationalChamberofCommerceauthorizedtheICCCommissiononBankingTechniqueandPractice(BankingCommission)tobeginarevisionoftheUniformCustomsandPracticeforDocumentaryCredits,ICCPublication500.
Aswithotherrevisions,thegeneralobjectivewastoaddressdevelopmentsinthebanking,transportandinsuranceindustries.Additionally,therewasaneedtolookatthelanguageandstyleusedintheUCPtoremovewordingthatcouldleadtoinconsistentapplicationandinterpretation.
Whenworkontherevisionstarted,anumberofglobalsurveysindicatedthat,becauseofdiscrepancies,approximately70%ofdocumentspresentedunderlettersofcreditwerebeingrejectedonfirstpresentation.Thisobviouslyhad,andcontinuestohave,anegativeeffectontheletterofcreditbeingseenasameansofpaymentand,ifunchecked,couldhaveseriousimplicationsformaintainingorincreasingitsmarketshareasarecognizedmeansofsettlementininternationaltrade.Theintroductionbybanksofadiscrepancyfeehashighlightedtheimportanceofthisissue,especiallywhentheunderlyingdiscrepancieshavebeenfoundtobedubiousorunsound.WhilstthenumberofcasesinvolvinglitigationhasnotgrownduringthelifetimeofUCP500,theintroductionoftheICC’sDocumentaryCreditDisputeResolutionExpertiseRules(DOCDEX)inOctober1997(subsequentlyrevisedinMarch2002)hasresultedinmorethan60casesbeingdecided.
Toaddresstheseandotherconcerns,theBankingCommissionestablishedaDraftingGrouptoreviseUCP500.Itwasalsodecidedtocreateasecondgroup,knownastheConsultingGroup,toreviewandadviseonearlydraftssubmittedbytheDraftingGroup.TheConsultingGroup,madeupofover40individualsfrom26countries,consistedofbankingandtransportindustryexperts.Ablyco-chairedbyJohnTurnbull,DeputyGeneralManager,SumitomoMitsuiBankingCorporationEuropeLtd,LondonandCarloDiNinni,Adviser,ItalianBankersAssociation,Rome,theConsultingGroupprovidedvaluableinputtotheDraftingGrouppriortoreleaseofdrafttextstoICCnationalcommittees.
TheDraftingGroupbeganthereviewprocessbyanalyzingthecontentoftheofficialOpinionsissuedbytheBankingCommissionunderUCP500.Some500Opinionswerereviewedtoassesswhethertheissuesinvolvedwarrantedachangein,anadditiontooradeletionofanyUCParticle.Inaddition,considerationwasgiventothecontentofthefourPositionPapersissuedbytheCommissioninSeptember1994,thetwoDecisionsissuedbytheCommission(concerningtheintroductionoftheeuroandthedeterminationofwhatconstitutedanoriginaldocumentunderUCP500sub-article20(b)andthedecisionsissuedinDOCDEXcases.
Duringtherevisionprocess,noticewastakenoftheconsiderableworkthathadbeencompletedincreatingtheInternationalStandardBankingPracticefortheExaminationofDocumentsunderDocumentaryCredits(ISBP),ICCPublication645.ThispublicationhasevolvedintoanecessarycompaniontotheUCPfordeterminingcomplianceofdocumentswiththetermsoflettersofcredit.ItistheexpectationoftheDraftingGroupandtheBankingCommissionthattheapplicationoftheprinciplescontainedintheISBP,includingsubsequentrevisionsthereof,willcontinueduringthetimeUCP600isinforce.AtthetimeUCP600isimplemented,therewillbeanupdatedversionoftheISBPtobringitscontentsinlinewiththesubstanceandstyleofthenewrules.
ThefourPositionPapersissuedinSeptember1994wereissuedsubjecttotheirapplicationunderUCP500;therefore,theywillnotbeapplicableunderUCP600.TheessenceoftheDecisioncoveringthedeterminationofanoriginaldocumenthasbeenincorporatedintothetextofUCP600.TheoutcomeoftheDOCDEXcaseswereinvariablybasedonexistingICCBankingCommissionOpinionsandthereforecontainednospecificissuesthatrequiredaddressingintheserules.
OneofthestructuralchangestotheUCPistheintroductionofarticlescoveringdefinitions(article2)andinterpretations(article3).Inprovidingdefinitionsofrolesplayedbybanksandthemeaningofspecifictermsandevents,UCP600avoidsthenecessityofrepetitivetexttoexplaintheirinterpretationandapplication.Similarly,thearticlecoveringinterpretationsaimstotaketheambiguityoutofvagueorunclearlanguagethatappearsinlettersofcreditandtoprovideadefinitiveelucidationofothercharacteristicsoftheUCPorthecredit.
Duringthecourseofthelastthreeyears,ICCnationalcommitteeswerecanvassedonarangeofissuestodeterminetheirpreferencesonalternativetextssubmittedbytheDraftingGroup.TheresultsofthisexerciseandtheconsiderableinputfromnationalcommitteesonindividualitemsinthetextisreflectedinthecontentofUCP600.TheDraftingGroupconsidered,notonlythecurrentpracticerelativetothedocumentarycredit,butalsotriedtoenvisagethefutureevolutionofthatpractice.
ThisrevisionoftheUCPrepresentstheculminationofoverthreeyearsofextensiveanalysis,review,debateandcompromiseamongstthevariousmembersoftheDraftingGroup,themembersoftheBankingCommissionandtherespectiveICCnationalcommittees.ValuablecommenthasalsobeenreceivedfromtheICCCommissiononTransportandLogistics,theCommissiononCommercialLawandPracticeandtheCommitteeonInsurance.
Itisnotappropriateforthispublicationtoprovideanexplanationastowhyanarticlehasbeenwordedinsuchawayorwhatisintendedbyitsincorporationintotherules.ForthoseinterestedinunderstandingtherationaleandinterpretationofthearticlesofUCP600,thisinformationwillbefoundintheCommentarytotherules,ICCPublication601,whichrepresentstheDraftingGroup’sviews.
OnbehalfoftheDraftingGroupIwouldliketoextendourdeepappreciationtothemembersoftheConsultingGroup,ICCnationalcommitteesandmembersoftheBankingCommissionfortheirprofessionalcommentsandtheirconstructiveparticipationinthisprocess.
SpecialthanksareduetothemembersoftheDraftingGroupandtheirinstitutions,whoarelistedbelowinalphabeticalorder.
NicoleKeller–VicePresident,ServiceInternationalProducts,DresdnerBankAG,Frankfurt,Germany;RepresentativetotheICCCommissiononBankingTechniqueandPractice;
LaurenceKooy–LegalAdviser,BNPParibas,Paris,France;RepresentativetotheICCCommissiononBankingTechniqueandPractice.
KatjaLehr–BusinessManager,TradeServicesStandards,SWIFT,LaHulpe,Belgium,thenVicePresident,MembershipRepresentation,InternationalFinancialServicesAssociation,NewJersey,USA;RepresentativetotheICCCommissiononBankingTechniqueandPractice;
OleMalmqvist–VicePresident,DanskeBank,Copenhagen,Denmark;RepresentativetotheICCCommissiononBankingTechniqueandPractice;
PaulMiserez–HeadofTradeFinanceStandards,SWIFT,LaHulpe,Belgium;RepresentativetotheICCCommissiononBankingTechniqueandPractice;
RenéMueller–Director,CreditSuisse,Zurich,Switzerland;RepresentativetotheICCCommissiononBankingTechniqueandPractice;
CheeSengSoh–Consultant,AssociationofBanksinSingapore,Singapore;RepresentativetotheICCCommissiononBankingTechniqueandPractice;
DanTaylor–PresidentandCEO,InternationalFinancialServicesAssociation.,NewJerseyUSA;Vic