工业设计外文翻译1.docx

工业设计外文翻译1.docx

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工业设计外文翻译1

GermanyBauhausdesignandFutureDesignTrend

【Abstract】

GermanBauhaushadasignificantinfluenceonthemoderndesigneducation,meanwhile,itestablishedthefoundationoftheleadingpositionintheworldforGermanindustrialdesign.Throughanalyzingoncurrentindustrialdesignconditionsfromdifferentcountries,artdesignisconsideredasthemainpartofindustrialdesign.Thispaperreviewedthelast10years’developmentofindustrialdesignprograminZhejiangUniversityofScienceandTechnology.Theindustrialdesignprogramhavetakenconsiderableachievementsinmanyfields,suchasthepracticeofGermanymodel,disciplinesconstruction,teachingreform,manufactures&collegecooperation,projectteachinganddesigncompetitions.AndYoucannotignoretheindustrialdesigntentrend

【Keywords】Bauhaus,industrialdesign,projectteaching,practice，10IndustrialDesignTrends

1.GermanBauhausandindustrialdesign

In1919,theBauhausschoolhadbeenbuiltinWeimar,Germany.Thishavebeencalledthe“cradleofworldindustrialdesign”,themilestoneintheartdesignhistory.Bauhausbelievedthattheforemostthingislettingthestudentsexploretheirowndesignways,ratherthanjustteachingthemtheteachers’ways;developingstudents’independentandcriticalthinkingabilityratherthanimposingcertaindesignstylesonthem.Comparedwithotherdesignschoolsthathadsimilareducationphilosophies,Bauhaushaddistinctiveeducationphilosophy.Ittookthoroughreformonthetraditionalartdesigneducationsystemandestablishedartdesignasanewprofessionaldiscipline.Meanwhile,WalterGropius,thefounderofBauhausmade“Unityofartandtechnology”asthedominantdesigneducationphilosophy.

OneofBauhausinitiativeworksispurifyingtheformsofgeneralindustrialproducts.Bauhausstressedthattheproductformsshouldbedesignedbasedonbasicgeometricpatternssuchascubes,squaresandcircles.Theproductformsandoutlinesshouldbesimpleandvariedindifferentwaysandfollowabstractformprinciplesandaesthetics.BecauseBauhaus’sbraveandaggressiveexploringandreform,ittooksignificantkeyinfluenceontheformingofModernismArtStyleandmadetheBauhausdesignaworld-widereputation.ThereforeBauhausbecamethemilestoneofmodernartdesignhistory.

AmericanartistJosephSinelfirstmentionedthetermofIndustrialdesignin1919.HoweverinChina,until1983,theMinistryofEducationhadconformedindustrialdesigndisciplineasthesamplemajorofgeneralcolleges.Theoriginalnameofthemajoris“ProductForming”forartstudents.In1998thenationalmajorcategoryhadbeenadjustedtobeintegratedintotheinternationalconventions.The“Productforming”majorhadremovedthefocusfromtheproductformstotheareaofresearchingthehuman-product-environmentrelationships.Thenamehadbeenreplacedby“Industrialdesign”andthemajorhadbeensetforbothengineeringandarteducationschools.

BauhaushadmanytopEuropeanartistsatthattime,suchasItten,Kandinsky,andKleeetc.Theyarefamousabstractpainters.TheirteachingcultivatedtheBauhausstudentsandcontributedtothe20’scenturyartdesign.MostoffamousindustrialdesignerssuchasPhilippeStarck,MarcNewsonandyvesbéhararegraduatedfromtheartdesignschools.Theirsuccessprovedthattheartdesigneducationiseffectiveforindustrialdesigneducation.Theproductformdesignisstillanimportantaspectinundergraduateindustrialdesignstudiesandtheindustrialdesignisanimportantcomponentofcurrentfamousartdesignschools.

RoyalCollegeofArtNorwegianInstituteofArtandDesignUniversityofDuisburg-Essen,PolitecnicodiMilano,HannoverUniversityofAppliedSciencesandArts（FHHannover）,theirindustrialdesigndepartmentsarebelongtoartanddesignschools.

America:

AccordingtoasurveyofIDSA（TheIndustrialDesignersSocietyofAmerica）in1998,thereare49institutesthathaveindustrialdesignundergraduateorgraduateprogramsregisteredinIDSAlist.Typicalindustrialdesignmajorsusuallyaresetinartschools,whichcangrantbachelordegreeinfineartsorscience.MostofthemgotthecertificationofNASAD（NationalAssociationofSchoolsofArtandDesign）.Only15inthe49schoolsdidnotgetthecertification.IDSAdeclaredthat5yearslater,onlythecertifiedtheindustrialdesignmajorscangetberecognized.Thereare37industrialdesignmajorsinuniversities,6indesigncolleges,4inartschools.Thissituationdidnotvaryincurrentyears.

Asia:

InJapan,industrialdesignmajorsalsosetinartschoolsorindependentindustrialdesignfaculties,suchasTokyoZokeiUniversity,MusashinoArtUniversity,TamaArtUniversity,andUniversityofTsukubaetc.InHongkong,TheHongKongPolytechnicUniversityhasfamousindustrialdesignprograms.InTaiwan,ShihChienUniversity,NationalChengKungUniversity,NationalYunlinUniversityofScience&Technologyhavefamousindustrialdesignprograms.InmainlandofChina,JiangnanUniversity,TsinghuaUniversity,HunanUniversity,TongjiUniversityandtheGuangzhouacademicoffineartsallhavetheirindustrialdesigndepartmentsintheartdesignschoolsordepartments.

2.10IndustrialDesignTrendsYouCan'tIgnore

2.1DesignForACause

CompaniesincludingHermanMillerandAmericanApparelarepromotingtheiridealsthroughdesign.YvesBéhar'sleaflampforHermanMiller（shown）usesabiomorphicgridofLEDs,whichconsume40%percentlessenergythanfluorescentlightsandlastfor100,000hours.AndNikeplanstomakeitsentirefootwearlineoutofsustainablematerialsby2010.

2.2Simplexity

SteveMcCallion,executivecreativedirectorofPortland,Ore.-basedindustrialdesignfirmZibaDesign,saysthere'satrendtoward"simplexity,"productsthathavemanyfunctionsbutareapproachable,ergonomicallycorrectandeasytouse--likeApple'siPhone.Thebabyboomershavealsopropelledsimplexity;asthegenerationages,theneedforeasy-to-use,at-homemedicalequipmentbecomesgreater.AmiVerhalen,directorofindustrialdesignatMadison,Wis.-basedDesignConcepts,saysthatin-homehealthcarewillbeahugedriverforproductinnovationintheupcomingdecade.

2.3Personalization

FromNikeIDshoestoBuild-a-Bearteddies,retailersareaddinga"buildyourown"elementtobrands.Doityourself--orDIY--servesasanimportantelementofthistrend.PublicationslikeReadyMademagazineandbookslikedesignerWendyMullin'sSewUencourageconsumerstoputtheirownspinonthings.

2.4Globalization

Likeotherindustries,outsourcinghasaffectedinternationaldesign.TodayadesignerinDelhimightbeworkingwithamanufacturerinColumbus.SteveMcCallionsaysthattheglobalizationofproductdesignhascreatedInternetcommunitiesthatenablemorepeopletoparticipateinthedesignprocess.CompanieslikeKidRobotcanemploytoydesignersfromTokyotoTucsonwithgreatereasethanever.

2.5Ornamentation

Infashiondesign,we'reseeingareturntominimalism,butinhomedecor,ornatedetailsareinfashion.Forthefirsttimeindecades,wallpaperisinfashion,andthedetailsarerich--brocades,velvetsandjewel-tonecolors.Long-forgottentextiledesignerslikeFlorenceBroadhurstandVeraNeumannarereceivingattentionfromanewgenerationofdesign-savvyconsumers.

2.6PolarizationOfDesign

Big-boxorluxuryretailer?

Manyexpertssaythatdesignhasbeenpolarized,withinnovativeproductsavailableatboththeveryhighend（NeimanMarcus,Moss）andtheverylowend（Target,Ikea）.Meanwhile,midrangeretailerslikeMacy'ssufferfromlackoffresh,on-trendideas.Thatisolatesthehugechunkofthepopulationthatcanaffordsomethinghigher-endthanthe$200MalmbedatIkeabutscoffatthepriceofa$16,000Hastensmattress.

2.7PinkDesign

Gadgetsareaguy'sgame,right?

Notifyouconsiderthelatestproductswithfemininemystique.MotorolareleasedalipstickpinkRazrcellphone,andmorerecently,LGreleasedaPradaphone.Moreandmoremanufacturersarecreatingsleeker,feminizedversionsoftheirclunky,chunkyproducts,andbothmenandwomenarebiting.Wantproofofthefeminizationofproductdesign?

JustcheckoutG,whichratesseveralitemsadayas"Geekchic"or"JustPlainGeeky."

2.8MassImperfection

Somedesignersarecreatingintentionallyflawedpieces,likedesignerJasonMiller'sducttapechairorBodum'sPavinaglasswarecollection,whichusesmouth-blowndouble-walledglass,givingeachpieceaslightvariationinheight,thicknessandweight.Whiskeredandweatheredtextiles--ondenimaswellasfurnitureandtapestries--aremorerecognizableexamplesofintentionalimperfectioninproduction.

2.9Craft

AsmassretailerslikeTargetbecomemoredesign-focused,there'sacountertrendofindependentmanufacturersanddesignerscreatingone-off,heirloompieces.Wheretofindtheselimited-editiontreasures?

Artisane-commercesiteslikeE,classicalcraftcompanieslikeHeathCeramicsandmodernistdesignhousessuchasDesignWithinReach.

2.10FocusOnTheOther90%

AnthonyPannozzo,vicepresidentofdesignstrategyatWaltham,Mass.-basedfirmHerbstLaZarBell,saysthatwell-designedproductsareavailabletoonly10%oftheworld'spopulation.However,moreandmoredesignersarestartingtocatertoconsumersinAfrica,AsiaandLatinAmerica.

【References】

[1]SZWang.“AHistoryofModernDesign”,ChinaYouthPress,Beijing,2002

[2]D.S.Yang.“ADiscussionofTheDifferencesinIndustrialDesignEducationbetweenChinaandGermanyfromtheWorkshopProjectPractice”,JournalofHefeiUniversity（NaturalSciences）,2006:

21-22

[3]RossonM.B,J.M.Carroll.“UsabilityEn