science design service.docx

science design service.docx

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sciencedesignservice

BuildingServicesDesign

‘Contemporaryconstructivetechniqueisabsolutelyunsuitedtothisworldsubjecttoconstantchange’（PARICIO,I.ProyectoCasaBarcelona,ConstrumatBarcelona,2001,p.17.FreetranslationfromtheSpanishtextbyauthors）.

Thedesignofinstallationsrefersheretoitbeingsuitablysettingupandtoitseasysubsequentmaintenanceandnotonly（obviously）toitsaestheticresult.

Therealopenfloorinmanyarchitecturalprojectsdoesnotlieonlyinthemoreorlesscomplexchangeofpartitions,butinthepossibilityofaccesstoallservices

demandedbytheusersinanylocation.Therefore,thelimitoftherealflexibilityisthelimitofuseofthewholeinstallationservicesinanyplaceofthebuilding.

Thedesignofdifferentinstallationshastraditionallyconstitutedanexcellentopportunitysothatarchitectsparticipateinthedesignofobjectsofdifferentscale,fromlampstoairconditioningductsintegratedinfaçade,withexamplessooutstandingastheconceptofservedandserverspacesbyKahn,attheSalkInstitute,aconceptthatinitselfgeneratessplendidbuildings,fundamentaltounderstandingthecontemporarydesignofarchitectureandinstallations;orinthesamewaythatWrightbuilttheLarkinbuildingin1905,where‘themachineryofthedifferentsupplysystemswithitsraceways,ventilationandheatingconduits,justasthestaircases,thatalsoserveasemergencyexit,arearrangedinfourpartsintheplan,locatedinthefourexteriorcornersofthebuilding,leavingthiswaythewholeinteriorsurfacetobeusedforjobs’（BROOKS,B.Wright,Taschen,Köln,2004,p.23.FreetranslationfromtheSpanishtextbyauthors）.

Ontheotherhand,onecanpointouttheinterestofundergroundcarparksanddecksasthecontemporaryarchitecturalelementsthatshowtheinterdisciplinarynatureofthedifferentsubjectsthatmakeuptheconstruction,itsinternalorder,areflectionofwhathappensinsidethebuilding.Thus,TVaerials,satellitedishes,mobilephonesaerials,collectivechimneys,individualchimneys,coolingtowers,coolingunits,airconditioners,theextractorsofthecarparkingventilation,thebathroomsandtoiletsextractors...shapeandarepartoftheurbanlandscapeandoftheimageofthecity.Evenwhentheywillremainoutoftheglobaldesigninabuildingthatwouldbenothingwithoutthem?

Incertaintypologies,suchashigh-risebuildingsorthoseofgreatvolume,thedecisionaboutthelayingofinstallations,thewaythemaincentralizationsareraisedandthechoiceofthesystemforfireevacuation,arethegreatshapersofthebuildings.Thinkingaboutthesemattersgeneratedifferenttypologies,forexampletheHongKong&ShanghaiBankbyFosterhasonecentralizationperfloor;theParisianPompidouhastwo,andtheBancoBilbaobyOízaortheChaseManhattanBankhavefour,whereastheRichardsbuildingbyKahnhasonecentralizationpertower.

Wealsohavetothinkthateachbuildingtypologyneedsadifferentoutlineofthinking.Howisahighbuildingair-conditioned?

Whyareskyscrapersnotcrownedwithabigchimney?

Whyarethesedesigntechniquesnotusedinotherbuildings?

Onceagainasimilaritywiththeautomobileworldcanbeestablished:

inthesamewaythatadvancesinFormula1carscomesoonerorlatertosimplervehicles,theideasandadvancesincontrolandmanagementofenergyreservedforthemost‘sophisticated’buildingswillbeintroducedsoonerorlaterinthehousing.

Thearchitectswhohaveanalyzeddifferentnavalandaeronauticalreferencestoapplytheminarchitecturehavebeenmany,althoughinsomecasesitonlyformaloperationsweretransferredtotheirprojectandnotintellectualstrictness.Itissurprisingthatinahightonnageship,wheretheavailablespaceissotight,machineshavewhattheyneedintheirtechnicalroomstomakemaintenanceeasy（withoutit,theship-machinedoesnotwork）andhoweverinsomeprojectsofarchitecture,installationshavetobeadjustedtominimumareas,inplanandsection,thataredesignedinthiswaywithoutreallyknowingwhy.Thecorrectdesignofinstallationsinarchitectureshouldbesituatedatapointofequilibriumandcompromisebetweenthevirtuesofthesesophisticatedmachines

（ships,aircraft...）,thecoordinationbetweentheoccupancyofareasandthelayingofnetworksofthedifferentinstallations,andtherestofaesthetic,functionalandeconomicparametersthatconstitutearchitecture.Itmakesnosense,therefore,totalkabouthiddenorvisibleinstallation:

eacharchitecturemusthaveitcorrespondingdesignofinstallations.Itisnotaboutdifferentrealitiesthatjointogethertoformabuilding,butdifferentvisionsofthesameobject.

Inaddition,wemustrememberthateverymachinebreaksdownandsoonerorlaterithastobereplaced;theusefullifeoftheinstallationsisdifferentfromthatofthebuildings,whichiswhyitisnecessarytothinkabouthowthemachineswillbereplacedwithoutdisruptioninsidethebuildingandwithoutbotheringitsinhabitants.Thesolutioniseasy:

planthenecessaryspaceforthemachines,theirmaintenanceandtheirreplacement.

Machinesneedspaceandthenetworksneedaccessibility,avalidstatementbothinbuildingsandatanurbanlevel.

Toendthissection,somequestions:

Whenwillwehaveatourdisposalinkitchenselementssoversatilein-servicesasthedentist’schairwithitselectricity,waterandplumbingintakes?

Whyaretherenosolutionssimilartotheequipmentofahairdresser’stoevacuatethewatersinresidentialplumbing?

Howlongwilltheuserstaketodemandthesamecomfortsandfacilityofuseandmaintenanceintheircarsandintheirhomes?

Whycanthewiringofacarcanbemodifiedinminutesandahouseneedsmaybedaysandseveraldifferenttradesmentosimplychangetheelectricaloutlets?

FireSafety

Asintroductionquotationinstructs,thepreventionoffiresinbuildingsisanobsessiveconcernforhumankind,becausethefirethatheatsisthefirethatcandestroyeverything.

Notonlydotherulesoffireprotectionrefertotheinstallationsthatmustbeplacedtodetectandsmotherafire,butalsotothefireresistanceofthematerialsused,thelayoutofstaircaseandemergencyexits,evacuationroutes...theyarerulesofminimumsthatalwaysbeimproved.Themeasuresoffireprotectionaredividedinto:

-Passives.Theyaremeasuresdirectedtofacilitatetheevacuationofthebuilding（therulespenalizedeadends）andensurethecontainmentofthefireinsideanenclosureuntilthearrivaloftheextinctionservices（requirementsofstructuralandconstructiveelementsfireresistance）.Thesemeasuresalsoaffectotherinstallations.Forexample,anairpipecanbeisolatedagainstfirewhenitgoesthroughdifferentfireareas,withisolationandfirebreakdoors,butthefirstmeasureistoproposeadesignofpipesinsuchawaythatthesealwaysstayinthesamefirearea.

-Actives.Theycovertheinstallationsofdetection（firedetectors,manualpushbuttons,doorretainers,controlstations...）andthedifferentsystemsofalarm,signsandextinction（fireextinguisher,hydrant,pumpingequipment,firehydrantcabinets,sprinklers,extinctionbygaseousagentsorspecificextinctionforkitchens）.Ofthesemeasures,wewillnowmentionaseriesofpointswithgreaterarchitectoniccontent,whichcanevengosofarastoconditionthefinalshapeofthebuilding.

-Zoningandfirestabilityintheformationofvolumesandstructuralframeworkofthebuilding.Atthispoint,makingtheproperdecisionsasregardsthematerialsusedandthearrangementofthedifferentfireareascansimplifyothersolutionsoffireprotection.Forinstance,althoughtherulesallowtheincreaseoftheareaofasectorbyplacingsprinklers,itworksouteasiertoplacefire-resistantslidingdoorswithretainersatstrategicpointsinordertoavoidanexcessivecomplexityoftheinstallations.

-Zoningdependingonthebuildingtypology.Therequirementsofevacuationofanofficebuilding,anentertainmentcenterorahospitalarenotthesame.Inthislast,thehorizontalevacuationtootherfireareascanbeprioritized,andnotverticalevacuation,formovingtheconvalescentpatientsquicklyandsafely,inwhichcase,moreover,itisnecessarytoestablishintermediatesareasofevacuationthathavespecificinstallations（oxygen,vacuum,powerpoints,etc.）inordertotakecareoftheemergencypatientsuntiltheextinctionservicescome.

-Drainage.Itisainstallationthatalsomustbeconsideredwhensectorzingabuilding,becausedrainagepipesconstitutepathwaysforfire（whichriskcanbeminimizedbyplacingFRrings）,anormalcircumstanceforexampleinthezoningbetweenacarparkwithdwellingsabove,orbetweendamppremisesinbuildingswithverticallysuperimposedareas.

-Staircaseandevacuationroutes.Inbuildingsofacertainmagnitude,itiscrucialtodesignthebuildingconsideringtheseelementsfromthefirstmoment.Improvingtheevacuationofabuildingthroughaspeciallyprotectedstaircasewithdirectventilationtotheoutside,orwithventilationbyoverpressure,cangeneratetwobuildingsthat,withthesameschedule,areformallydifferent,withtheaddedfactorthatinthelattercasedemandsconstantmaintenanceofaninstallationthatguaranteespeople’ssafety,andthisisnotsointheformer,althoughcaringequallyfortheirsafety.Asasampleoftherelationshipbetweendifferentinstallations,wecanstatehow,inapublicbuilding,improvementoffireevacuationbyinstallingmoreouterdoorsincreasesaccesssecurityinthebuilding,whichiscompensatedforbytheintroductionofadditionalanti-burglarmeasures（door