英语四级真题附详细答案 卷.docx

英语四级真题附详细答案 卷.docx

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英语四级真题附详细答案卷

2016年6月英语四级真题第三套（文字版整理）

PartIWriting（30minutes）

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowritealettertoexpressyourthankstooneofyourfriendswhohelpedyoumostwhenyouwereinshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.

PartIIIReadingComprehension（40minutes）

SectionA

Signsbarringcell-phoneuseareafamiliarsighttoanyonewhohaseversatinahospitalwaitingroom.Butthe_____（26）popularityofelectronicmedicalrecordshasforcedhospital-baseddoctorstobecome_____（27）oncomputersthroughouttheday,anddesktops-whichkeepdoctorsfrombesides-are_____（28）givingwaytowirelessdevices.

　　Asclericalloadsincreased,"somethinghadto_____（29）,andthatwasalwaysfacetimewithpatients,"saysPatel,aformerchiefresidentintheUniversityofChicago'sinternal-medicineprogram.Infall2010,shehelped_____（30）apilotprojectinChicagotoseeiftheiPadcouldimproveworkingconditionsandpatientcare.Theexperimentwasso_____（31）thatallinternal-medicineprogramadoptedthesame_____（32）in2011.MedicalschoolsatYaleandStanfordnowhavepaperless,iPad-basedcurriculums."You'llwantaniPadjustsoyoucanwearthis"isthesloganforoneofthenewlabcoats_____（33）withlargepocketstoaccommodatetabletcomputers.

　　AstudyoftheUniversityofChicagoiPadprojectfoundthatpatientsgottestsand_____（34）fasteriftheywerecaredforbyiPad-equippedpatientsalso_____（35）abetterunderstandingoftheillnessesthatlandedtheminthehospitalinthefirstplace.

SectionB

AncientGreekWisdomInspiresGuidelinestoGoodLife

[A]Isitpossibletoenjoyapeacefullifeinaworldthatisincreasinglychallengedbythreatsanduncertaintiesfromwars,terrorism,economiccrisesandawidespreadoutbreakofinfectiousdiseases?

Theanswerisyes,accordingtoanewbookThe10GoldenRules:

AncientWisdomfromtheGreekPhilosophersonLivingaGoodLife.Thebookisco-authoredbyLongIslandUniversity'sphilosophyprofessorMichaelSoupiosandeconomicsprofessorPanosMourdoukoutas.

[B]ThewisdomoftheancientGreekphilosophersistimeless,saysSoupios.Thephilosophyprofessorsaysitisasrelevanttodayaswhenitwasfirstwrittenmanycenturiesago."Thereisnoexpiration（失效）dateonwisdom,"hesays"Thereisnoshelflifeonintelligence.Ithinkthatthingshavebecomeverygloomytheseday,lotsofmisunderstanding,misleadingcues,alotofwhattheancientswouldhavecalledsophistry（诡辩）.ThenicethingaboutancientphilosophyasofferedbytheGreeksisthattheytendedtoseelifeclearandwhole,inawaythatwetendnottoseelifetoday."

Examineyourlife

[C]Soupies,alongwithhisco-authorPanosMourdoukoutas,developedtheir10goldenrulesbyturningtothemenbehindthatphilosophy-Aristotle,Socrates,EpictetusandPythagoras,amongothers.Thefirstrule-examineyourlife-isthecommonthreadthatrunsthroughtheentirebook.SoupiossaysthatitisbasedonPlato'sobservationthattheunexaminedlifeisnotworthliving."TheGreekarealwaysconcernedaboutboxingthemselvesin,intermsofconvictions（信念）,"hesays."Sotakeastepback,switchofftheautomaticpilotandactuallystopandreflectaboutthingslikeourpriorities,ourvalues,andourrelationships."

Stopworryingaboutwhatyoucannotcontrol

[D]Aswebegintoexamineourlife,Soupiossays,wecometoRule:

Worryonlyaboutthingsthatyoucancontrol."TheindividualwhopromotedthisideawasaStoicphilosopherHisnameisEpictetus,"hesays."AndwhattheStoicssayingeneralissimplythis.Thereisalargerplaninlife.Youarenotreallygoingtobeabletounderstandallofthedimerisionsofthisplan.Youarenotgoingtobeabletocontrolthedimensionsofthisplan."

[E]So,Soupiosexplains,itisnotworthittowasteourphysical,intellectualandspiritualenergyworryingaboutthingsthatarebeyondourcontrol."IcannotcontrolwhetherornotIwindupgettingthediseaseswineflu,forexample."Hesays."Imean,therearesomecautioussteps.Icantake,butultimatelyIcannotguaranteemyselfthat.SowhatEpictetuswouldsayissittingathomeworryingaboutthatwouldbewrongandwasterfulandirrational.Youshouldliveyourlifeattemptingtoidentifyandcontrolthosethingswhichyoucangenuinelycontrol."

Seektruepleasure

[F]Tohaveameaningful,happylifeweneedfriends.ButaccordingtoAristotle-astudentofPlatoandteacherofAlexandertheGreat-mostrelationshipsdon'tqualifyastruefriendships."JustbecauseIhaveabusinessrelationshipwithanindividualandIcanprofitfromthatrelationship,itdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthispersonismyfriend."Soupiossays."Realfriendshipiswhentwoindividualssharethesamesoul.ItisabeautifulanduncharacteristicallypocticimagethatAristotleoffers."

[G]Inourpursuitofthegoodlife,hesays,itisimportanttoseekouttruepleasures-advicewhichwasoriginallyofferedbyEpicurus.ButunlikethemoderndefinitionofEpicureanismasalifeofindulgence（放纵）andluxury,fortheancientGreeks,itmeantfindingastateofcalm,peaceandmentalcase.

[H]"ThiswasthehighestandmostdesirableformofpleasureandhappinessfortheancientEpicureans."Soupiossays."Thisissomethingthatisverymuchwellworthconsideringhereinthemodernera.Idonotthinkthatwespendnearlyenoughtimetryingtoconcentrateonachievingasortofcalmness,asortofcontentmentinmentalandspiritual,whichwasidentifiedbythesepeopleasthegighestformofhappinessandpleasure."

Dogoodtoothers

[I]Othergoldenrulescounselustomasterourselves,toavoidexcessandnottobeaprosperous（发迹的）fool.Therearealsorulesdealingwithinterpersonalrelationships.Bearesponsiblehumanbeinganddonotdoevilthingstoothers.

[J]"ThisisHesiod,ofcourse,ayoungercontemporarypoet,webelieve,withHomer,"Soupiossays."Hesiodoffersanidea-whichyouveryoftenfindinsomeoftheword'sgreatreligions,intheJudeo-ChristiantraditionandinIslamanothers-thatinsomesense,whenyouhurtanotherhumanbeing,youhurtyourself.Thatdamagingotherpeopleinyourcommunityandinyourlife,trashingrelationships,resultsinakindofself-inflicted（自己招致的）spiritualwound."

[K]Instead,Soupiossays,ancientwisdomurgesustodogood.GoldenRuleforagoodlifeisthatkindnesstowardotherstendstoberewarded.

[L]"ThisisAesop,thefabulist（寓言家）,themanofthesecharminglittletales,oftentoldintermsofanimalsandanimalrelationships."Hesays."IthinkwhatAesopwassuggestingisthatwhenyouofferagoodturntoanotherhumanbeing.Onecanhopethatthatgooddeedwillcomebackandsortofpayaprofittoyou,thedoerofthegooddeed.Evenifthereisnoconcretebenefitpaidinresponsetoyougooddeed.Attheveryleast,thedoerofthegooddeedhastheopportunitytoenjoyakindofspirituallyenlightenedmoment."

[M]Soupiossayfollowingthe10GoldenRulesbasedonancientwisdomcanguideustothepathofthegoodlifewherewestoplivingasonlookersandbecomeengagedandhappierhumanbeings.Andthat,henotes,isalifeworthliving.

toanancientGreekphilosopher,itisimpossibleforustounderstandeveryaspectofourlife.

Philosopherssawlifeinadifferentlightfrompeopleoftoday.

allyourbusinesspartnersareyoursoulmates.

canliveapeacefullifedespitethevariouschallengesofthemodernworld.

doerofagooddeedcanfeelspirituallyrewardedevenwhentheygainnoconcretebenefits.

toachievemeatalcalmnessandcontentmentiswellworthourconsiderationtoday.

Soupiossuggeststhatweshouldstopandthinkcarefullyaboutourprioritiesinlife.

philosophersstronglyadvisethatwedogood.

wiseteachingsofancientGreekthinkersaretimeless,andareapplicabletocontemporarylife.

harmtoothersandyoudoharmtoyourself.

　　SectionC

　　PassageOne

　　Attitudestowardnewtechnologiesoftenalonggenerationallines.Thatis,generally,youngerpeopletendtooutnumberolderpeopleonthefrontendofatechnologicalshift.

　　Itisnotalwaysthecase,though.Whenyoulookatattitudestowarddriverlesscars,theredoesn'tseemtobeacleargenerationaldivide.Thepublicoverallissplitonwhetherthey'dliketouseadriverlesscar.Inastudylastyear,ofallpeoplesurveyed,48percentsaidtheywantedtorideinone,while50percentdidnot.

　　Thefacethatattitudestowardself-drivingcarsappeartobesosteadyacrossgenerationssuggestshowtransformativetheshifttodriverlesscarscouldbe.Noteveryonewantsadriverlesscarnow-andnoonecangetoneyet-butamongthosewhoareopentothem,everyagegroupissimilarlyengaged.

　　Actually,thisisn'tsurprising.Whereasoldergenerationsaresometimereluctanttoadoptnewtechnologies,driverlesscarspromiserealvaluetotheseagegroupsinparticular.Olderadults,especiallythosewithlimitedmobilityordifficultydrivingontheirown,areoneoftheclassicuseeasesfordriverlesscars.

　　Thisisespeciallyinterestingwhenyouconsiderthatyoungerpeoplearegenerallymoreinterestedintravel-relatedtechnologiesthanolderones.

　　Whenitcomestodriverlesscars,differencesinattitudearemorepronouncedbasedonfactorsnotrelatedtoage.Collegegraduates,forexample,areparticularlyinterestedindriverlesscarscomparedwith　　thosewhohavelesseducation,59percentofcollegegraduatessaidtheywouldliketouseadriverlesscarcomparedwith38percentofthosewithahigh-schooldiplomaorless.

　　Whereapersonlivesmatters,too.Morepeoplewholivesincitiesandsuburbssaidtheywantedtotrydriverlessc