最新语言学练习题.docx

最新语言学练习题.docx

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最新语言学练习题

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Chapter1IntroductionstoLinguistics

I.Choosethebestanswer.（20%）

1.BLanguageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhuman

__________

A.contactB.communicationC.relationD.community

2.AWhichofthefollowingwordsisentirelyarbitrary?

A.treeB.typewriterC.crashD.bang

3.CThefunctionofthesentence“Waterboilsat100degreesCentigrade.”is

__________.

A.interrogativeB.directiveC.informativeD.performative

4.CInChinesewhensomeonebreaksabowloraplatethehostorthepeoplepresentarelikely

tosay“碎碎（岁岁）平安”asameansofcontrollingtheforceswhichtheybelievesfeelmightaffect

theirlives.Whichfunctionsdoesitperform?

A.InterpersonalB.EmotiveC.PerformativeD.Recreational

5.CWhichofthefollowingpropertyoflanguageenableslanguageuserstoovercomethebarriers

causedbytimeandplace,duetothisfeatureoflanguage,speakersofalanguagearefreetotalk

aboutanythinginanysituation?

A.TransferabilityB.DualityC.DisplacementD.Arbitrariness

6.BStudythefollowingdialogue.Whatfunctiondoesitplayaccordingtothefunctionsof

language?

—Aniceday,isn'tit?

—Right!

Ireallyenjoythesunlight.

A.EmotiveB.PhaticC.PerformativeD.Interpersonal

7.A__________referstotheactualrealizationoftheideallanguageuser'sknowledgeofthe

rulesofhislanguageinutterances.

A.PerformanceB.CompetenceC.LangueD.Parole

8.CWhenadogisbarking,youassumeitisbarkingforsomethingoratsomeonethatexistshearandnow.Itcouldn'tbesorrowfulforsomelostloveorlostbone.Thisindicatesthedesign

featureof__________.

A.culturaltransmissionB.productivityC.displacementD.duality

9.A__________answerssuchquestionsashowweasinfantsacquireourfirstlanguage.

A.PsycholinguisticsB.Anthropologicallinguistics

C.SociolinguisticsD.Appliedlinguistics

10.C__________dealswithlanguageapplicationtootherfields,particularlyeducation.

A.LinguistictheoryB.Practicallinguistics

C.AppliedlinguisticsD.Comparativelinguistics

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）

11.FLanguageisameansofverbalcommunication.Therefore,thecommunicationwayused

bythedeaf-muteisnotlanguage.

12.FLanguagechangeisuniversal,ongoingandarbitrary.

13.TSpeakingisthequickestandmostefficientwayofthehumancommunicationsystems.

14.FLanguageiswrittenbecausewritingistheprimarymediumforalllanguages.

15.FWewereallbornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,whichmeansthedetailsofany

languagesystemcanbegeneticallytransmitted.

16.FOnlyhumanbeingsareabletocommunicate.

17.FF.deSaussure,whomadethedistinctionbetweenlangueandparoleintheearly20th

century,wasaFrenchlinguist.

18.FAstudyofthefeaturesoftheEnglishusedinShakespeare'stimeisanexampleofthe

diachronicstudyoflanguage.

19.FSpeechandwritingcameintobeingatmuchthesametimeinhumanhistory.

20.FAllthelanguagesintheworldtodayhavebothspokenandwrittenforms.

III.Fillintheblanks.（10%）

21.verbalLanguage,broadlyspeaking,isameansof__________communication.

22.productivityInanylanguagewordscanbeusedinnewwaystomeannewthingsandcan

becombinedintoinnumerablesentencesbasedonlimitedrules.Thisfeatureisusuallytermed

__________.

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23.metalingualfunctionLanguagehasmanyfunctions.Wecanuselanguagetotalkabout

itself.Thisfunctionis__________.

24.yo-he-hoTheorythatprimitivemanmadeinvoluntaryvocalnoiseswhileperforming

heavyworkhasbeencalledthe__________theory.

25.scientificLinguisticsisthe__________studyoflanguage.

26.descriptiveModernlinguisticsis__________inthesensethatthelinguisttriestodiscover

whatlanguageisratherthanlaydownsomerulesforpeopletoobserve.

27.speechOnegeneralprincipleoflinguisticanalysisistheprimacyof__________over

writing.

28.diachroniclinguisticThedescriptionofalanguageasitchangesthroughtimeisa

__________study.

29.langueSaussureputforwardtwoimportantconcepts.__________referstotheabstract

linguisticsystemsharedbyallmembersofaspeechcommunity.

30.competenceLinguisticpotentialissimilartoSaussure'slangueandChomsky's

__________.

Chapter2SpeechSounds

I.Choosethebestanswer.（20%）

1.APitchvariationisknownas__________whenitspatternsareimposedonsentences.

A.intonationB.toneC.pronunciationD.voice

2.CConventionallya__________isputinslashes（//）.

A.allophoneB.phoneC.phonemeD.morpheme

3.DAnaspiratedp,anunaspiratedpandanunreleasedpare__________ofthepphoneme.

A.analoguesB.tagmemesC.morphemesD.allophones

4.ATheopeningbetweenthevocalcordsissometimesreferredtoas

__________.

A.glottisB.vocalcavityC.pharynxD.uvula

5.AThediphthongsthataremadewithamovementofthetonguetowardsthecenterare

knownas__________diphthongs.

A.wideB.closingC.narrowD.centering

6.DAphonemeisagroupofsimilarsoundscalled__________.

A.minimalpairsB.allomorphsC.phonesD.allophones

7.BWhichbranchofphoneticsconcernstheproductionofspeechsounds?

A.AcousticphoneticsB.Articulatoryphonetics

C.AuditoryphoneticsD.Noneoftheabove

8.AWhichoneisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtoplacesofarticulation?

A.[n]B.[m]C.[b]D.[p]

9.BWhichvowelisdifferentfromtheothersaccordingtothecharacteristicsofvowels?

A.[i:

]B.[u]C.[e]D.[i]

10.BWhatkindofsoundscanwemakewhenthevocalcordsarevibrating?

A.VoicelessB.VoicedC.GlottalstopD.Consonant

II.Decidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrueorfalse.（10%）

11.TSuprasegmentalphonologyreferstothestudyofphonologicalpropertiesofunitslarger

thanthesegment-phoneme,suchassyllable,wordandsentence.

12.TTheairstreamprovidedbythelungshastoundergoanumberofmodificationtoacquire

thequalityofaspeechsound.

13.TTwosoundsareinfreevariationwhentheyoccurinthesameenvironmentanddonot

contrast,namely,thesubstitutionofonefortheotherdoesnotproduceadifferentword,but

merelyadifferentpronunciation.

14.F[p]isavoicedbilabialstop.

15.FAcousticphoneticsisconcernedwiththeperceptionofspeechsounds.

16.TAllsyllablesmusthaveanucleusbutnotallsyllablescontainanonsetandacoda.

17.TWhenpurevowelsormonophthongsarepronounced,novowelglidestakeplace.

18.TAccordingtothelengthortensenessofthepronunciation,vowelscanbedividedinto

tensevs.laxorlongvs.short.

19.FReceivedPronunciationisthepronunciationacceptedbymostpeople.

20.FThemaximalonsetprinciplestatesthatwhenthereisachoiceastowheretoplacea

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consonant,itisputintothecodaratherthantheonset.

III.Fillintheblanks.（20%）

21.voiced,voiceless,voicedConsonantsoundscanbeeither__________or__________,

whileallvowelsoundsare__________.

22.frictionConsonantsoundscanalsobemadewhentwoorgansofspeechinthemouthare

broughtclosetogethersothattheairispushedoutbetweenthem,causing__________.

23.tongueThequalitiesofvowelsdependuponthepositionofthe__________andthelips.

24.heightOneelementinthedescriptionofvowelsisthepartofthetonguewhichisatthe

highestpointinthemouth.Asecondelementisthe__________towhichthatpartofthetongueis

raised.

25.obstructionConsonantsdifferfromvowelsinthatthelatterareproducedwithout

__________.

26.minimalpairsInphonologicalanalysisthewordsfail/veilaredistinguishablesimply

becauseofthetwophonemes/f/-/v/.Thisisanexampleforillustrating__________.

27.diphthongsInEnglishthereareanumberof__________,whichareproducedbymoving

fromonevowelpositiontoanotherthroughinterveningpositions.

28.Co-articulation__________referstothephenomenonofsoundscontinuallyshowthe

influenceoftheirneighbors.

29.Phonemes__________isthesmallestlinguisticunit.

30.airstreamSpeechtakesplacewhentheorgansofspeechmovetoproducepatternsofsound.

Thesemovementshaveaneffectonthe__________comingfromthelungs.

Chapter3Lexicon

I.

II.Choosethebestanswer.（20%）

1.ANouns,verbsandadjectivescanbeclassifiedas__________.

A.lexicalwordsB.grammaticalwords

C.functionwordsD.formwords

2.AMorphemesthatrepresenttense,number,genderandcasearecalled__________

morpheme.

A.inflectionalB.freeC.boundD.derivational

3.CThereare__________morphemesintheworddenationalization.

A.threeB.fourC.fiveD.six

4.BInEnglish–iseand–tionarecalled__________.

A.prefixesB.suffixesC.infixesD.stems

5.BThethreesubtypesofaffixesare:

prefix,suffixand__________.

A.derivationalaffixB.inflectionalaffixC.infixD.back-formation

6.B__________isawayinwhichnewwordsmaybeformedfromalreadyexistingwords

bysubtractinganaffixwhichisthoughttobepartoftheoldword.

A.affixationB.back-formationC.insertionD.addition

7.CThewordTBisformedinthewayof__________.

A.acronymyB.clippingC.initialismD.blending

8.AThewordslikecomsatandsitcomareformedby__________.

A.blendingB.clippingC.back-formationD.acronymy

9.DThestemofdisagreementsis__________.

A.agreementB.agreeC.disagreeD.disagreement

10.BAllofthemaremeaningfulexceptfor__________.

A.