牛津8A 第八单元词汇语法综合讲义设计.docx
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牛津8A第八单元词汇语法综合讲义设计
8AUnit8Naturaldisasters词汇语法综合讲义
词汇
1.coa
ch
①n.长途汽车；教练
Abasketballcoachiscominghere.
IwillgotoShanghaibycoach.
②v.做......的教练；辅导
Ioncecoachedourschoolbasketballteamforsometime.
IcoachShanHaohanin/onEnglish.
2.floodn.洪水；水灾；大量
Theheavyrainhascausedfloodsinmanypartsofthecountry.
afloodof/floodsof+可数名词大量......afloodofcomplaints大量投诉
3.washaway冲走
Partofthepathhadbeenwashedawaybythesea.
4.shake
①v.（使）摇动;与某人握手[shakehandswithsb];颤抖
Thehousemayshakewhenatraingoespast.
Shakeyourheadifyoudisagreewithit.
Hewasshakingwithfear.
②n.摇动，颤抖
Igavehimashaketowakehimup.
5.silentn.寂静的
△silencen.寂静
Pleasekeepsilent.
6.not...atall一点也不
Iamnothappyatall.
7.ifconj.是否[相当于whether]
Idon’tknowifhewillcometomorrow.
8.nervousadj.紧张不安的
benervousof/about...对......感到不安
Poorpeopleareusuallynervousaboutthefuture.
Don’tgetnervouseasily.
9.comedown倒塌，崩塌；下降，降落
Theceilingcamedownwithaterrificcrash.
Theraincamedownintorrents.
Thepriceofgasiscomingdown
10.beatv.打败（某人）；（使）规律作响；胜过
Icanbeathimatchess.
Shecanfeelherheartbeating.
Nothingbeatshomecooking.
11.sinceconj.由于
SinceweareinSuzhou,wemayaswellpayavisittotheGardens.
[扩展]because/since/as
because:
（因为）最直接客观的原因，because从句通常位于主句之后，对why进行回答也只用because.并且在英语中，because与so不能连用。
since：
（既然，由于）语气没because那么强，通常从句位于主句之前，表示显而易见的原因。
as:
（既然，由于）含义与since吻合，但是语气还不如since强。
Ididn’tgotoschoolyesterday,becauseIwasill.
Sinceyoudidn’ttrusthim,youshouldn’temployhim.
Asyouaretired,youshouldhaveabreak.
△For：
（因为）表示推测的原因，for是并列连词，而且只能位于第一个句子之后，不能作为并列句的前一个句子。
Heseldomgoesout,forheisreallyold.
12.aliveadj.活着的
[辨析]lively/alive/live/living
aliveadj.活着[侧重于生与死之间的界限，可做表语，后置定语和宾补]
livingadj.活着的[强调说明尚在人间]
earn/makealivingby......靠.....为生
theliving活着的人/事
lively：
活泼的，活跃的
live：
活着的；现场的[指物，不能指人,通常做定语；]
Heisstillalive.
Hemakesalivingbymakingfurniture.
MyEnglishteacherishumorous,andheoftenmakeshisclasslively.
Thisisalivefish.
13.still
①adv.仍然
Iamstillhungry.
②adj.静止的
Thekidsfoundithardtostaystill.
③（使）静止
Thewindstilled.
14.trappedadj.被困住的
Theyweretrappedintheburningbuilding.
15.calmn.镇定adj.镇定的v.使...镇定
calmdown:
镇定；使......镇定
Iamenjoyingthecalmofthebeautifulnight.
Whateverdifficultyhemightmeet,hecanalwaysbecalm.
Joycancalmyournerves.
Calmdown!
Thereisnothingserious.
16.breakdown（车辆、机器）出故障；失败；情不自禁哭起来；垮掉
Thebusbrokedownonthefreeway
Talkswithbusinessleadersbrokedownlastnight.
Hebrokedownwhenheheardthenews.
Herhealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.
17.as...aspossible尽可能......[相当于as...asonecan]
Pleasewritetomeassoonaspossible.
IspendasmuchtimeasIcanreadingEnglisheveryday.
18.fear
①害怕，恐惧，担忧[fears表示泛指，担忧]
infear处于害怕的状态
withfear出于害怕（表原因）
infearof害怕......
Hereyesshowednofear.
Thechildwasshakingwithfear.
Hestoodthereinfear.
Welivedinconstantfearoflosingourjobs.
Alanspokeofhisfearsforthefuture.
②害怕，畏惧
Allhisemployeesfearhim.
Shefearedtotellhimthetruth.
19.asleepadj.熟睡的
fallasleep熟睡的（状态）
[扩展]feelsleepy感到昏昏欲睡的
Westudentsshouldhaveenoughsleepatnight,orwemayfeelsleepyinclass.
Itis11p.m.Hemustfallasleep.
20.rulen.规则
makearule制定规则
follow/keep/obeyarule遵守规则
breakarule打破规则
21.clear
1v.清除,清理;放晴
Youhavetoclearyourofficebeforeyouleave.
Theskyclearedafterthestorm.
②清晰的,明显的
Itisclearthathedidn’tattendschoolyesterday.
22.nearlyadv.接近
区分[nearly/almost]
区分
nearly
almost
侧重点
数量和时间
程度和状态
搭配
其前可以有very、quite、not等
almost可以与noone、nobody、nothing、everything等不定代词连用
Itisverynearly5o’clock.
Almostnobodylikestoplaywithhim.
23.heartn.心脏
loseheart灰心
Nothingisdifficultifyouputyourheartintoit.
24.catchfire着火[makeafire生火]
25.findone’swayout找到出路
Theygotlostandcouldn’tfindtheirwayout.
26.mindn.头脑
keepsthinmind牢记
makeupone’smindtodo下定决心做某事
Iwillkeepyourwordsinmind.
Ihavemadeupmymindtoleaveyou.
[扩展]mind作为动词‘介意’，其后接动词应用动名词。
-Wouldyoumind（one’s）doingsth?
-Ofcoursenot/Certainlynot/Notatall[不介意]
-You’dbetternot.[介意]
27.runinalldirections四散逃跑
Peoplearerunninginalldirections.
28.mop（up）thefloor用拖把擦干地板
29.其余词汇
disaster/earthquake/accident/crash/village/lightning/storm/thunder/slight/loud/bomb/brick/
shout/atlast/daylight/safe/towel/railway/burn/daughter/granddaughter/son/grandson/board
weekday/headache/toothache/countryside/housework/pancake/behind/dark
语法核心
一过去进行时
1.定义
表示过去某个时刻正在做某事Iwasplayingsoccerat4p.myesterday.
表示过去某个阶段正在做某事ShewaswatchingTVfrom1to4p.myesterday.
表以过去某个时刻为起点的将来（过去将来）LastTuesdayJacksaidhewasleavingforShanghai.
2.构成
主语+be（was/were）+doing+其他
3.与一般过去时连用的时间状语
thismorning/atthistimeyesterday/atthattime/atthatmoment/fromninetotenlastnight
when/while引起的时间状语从句,etc.
二when/while/as
△when/while/as
when:
当......时候。
从句的动作既可以发生在主句之前，也可以发生在主句之后，也可以同时发生。
其从句的谓语动词既可以为短暂性动词也可以为延续性动词。
WhenIcamein,allthestudentsweretalkingloudly.
WhenshewaswatchingTV,hermothercamehome.
WhenIarrivedatthebusstop,allthebuseshadgone.
while:
在......期间。
从句的动作与主句必须同时发生。
从句的谓语动词只能为延续性动词和表示状态的系表结构。
还可以表示主从句同时进行，都用进行时。
ShetelephonedmewhileIwaswatchingfootballmatchesonTV.
WhileIamaway,pleasehelpmelookaftermygoldfish.
Hewascookinginthekitchenwhilehisbrotherwasreadingmagazinesonthesofa.
as:
当......时候；伴随....；一边......，一边......。
as大部分情况下可以与when/while互换。
但是as从句的谓语动词不可以为表示情感状态（不用于进行时）的动词。
并且表示两个动作同时进行，也用while,不用as。
另外，表示伴随......或者一边......来描述事情发生背景的时候，此时时间观念不是那么明显的时候只用as.
Ashewokeup,itwaseighto’clock.
IsawacaraccidentasIwasridingtoschool.
Astimegoesby,IgraduallyforgetthepainIeverhad.
Thegirlsangasshewalkedhome.
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