牛津8A 第八单元词汇语法综合讲义设计.docx

1、牛津8A 第八单元词汇语法综合讲义设计8A Unit 8 Natural disasters 词汇语法综合讲义词汇1. coachn.长途汽车；教练A basketball coach is coming here.I will go to Shanghai by coach.v.做.的教练；辅导I once coached our school basketball team for some time.I coach ShanHaohan in/on English.2. flood n.洪水；水灾；大量The heavy rain has caused floods in many pa

2、rts of the country.a flood of/floods of+可数名词 大量. a flood of complaints 大量投诉3. wash away 冲走Part of the path had been washed away by the sea.4. shake v.（使）摇动;与某人握手shake hands with sb;颤抖The house may shake when a train goes past.Shake your head if you disagree with it.He was shaking with fear. n.摇动，颤抖I

3、 gave him a shake to wake him up.5. silent n.寂静的silence n.寂静Please keep silent.6. not.at all 一点也不I am not happy at all.7. if conj.是否相当于whetherI dont know if he will come tomorrow.8. nervous adj.紧张不安的be nervous of/about.对.感到不安Poor people are usually nervous about the future.Dont get nervous easily.9.

4、 come down 倒塌，崩塌；下降，降落The ceiling came down with a terrific crash.The rain came down in torrents.The price of gas is coming down10. beat v. 打败（某人）；（使）规律作响；胜过I can beat him at chess.She can feel her heart beating.Nothing beats home cooking.11. since conj.由于Since we are in Suzhou,we may as well pay a

5、visit to the Gardens.扩展because/since/asbecause:（因为）最直接客观的原因，because从句通常位于主句之后，对why进行回答也只用because.并且在英语中，because与so不能连用。since：（既然，由于）语气没because那么强，通常从句位于主句之前，表示显而易见的原因。as:(既然，由于）含义与since吻合，但是语气还不如since强。I didnt go to school yesterday,because I was ill.Since you didnt trust him,you shouldnt employ him

6、.As you are tired,you should have a break.For：（因为）表示推测的原因，for是并列连词，而且只能位于第一个句子之后，不能作为并列句的前一个句子。He seldom goes out,for he is really old.12. alive adj.活着的辨析lively/alive/live/livingalive adj.活着 侧重于生与死之间的界限，可做表语，后置定语和宾补living adj.活着的强调说明尚在人间 earn/make a living by.靠.为生the living 活着的人/事lively：活泼的，活跃的live：

7、活着的；现场的指物，不能指人,通常做定语；He is still alive.He makes a living by making furniture.My English teacher is humorous,and he often makes his class lively.This is a live fish.13. still adv.仍然I am still hungry. adj.静止的The kids found it hard to stay still.（使）静止The wind stilled.14. trapped adj.被困住的They were trapp

8、ed in the burning building.15.calm n.镇定 adj.镇定的 v.使.镇定calm down:镇定；使.镇定I am enjoying the calm of the beautiful night.Whatever difficulty he might meet,he can always be calm.Joy can calm your nerves.Calm down!There is nothing serious.16.break down (车辆、机器）出故障；失败；情不自禁哭起来；垮掉The bus broke down on the fre

9、ewayTalks with business leaders broke down last night.He broke down when he heard the news.Her health broke down under the pressure of work.17.as.as possible 尽可能.相当于as.as one canPlease write to me as soon as possible.I spend as much time as I can reading English every day.18.fear 害怕，恐惧，担忧fears表示泛指，担

10、忧in fear 处于害怕的状态with fear 出于害怕（表原因）in fear of 害怕.Her eyes showed no fear.The child was shaking with fear .He stood there in fear.We lived in constant fear of losing our jobs.Alan spoke of his fears for the future .害怕，畏惧All his employees fear him.She feared to tell him the truth.19.asleep adj.熟睡的fall

11、 asleep 熟睡的（状态）扩展 feel sleepy 感到昏昏欲睡的We students should have enough sleep at night,or we may feel sleepy in class.It is 11 p.m.He must fall asleep.20.rule n.规则make a rule 制定规则follow/keep/obey a rule 遵守规则break a rule 打破规则21.clear 1 v.清除,清理;放晴You have to clear your office before you leave.The sky clea

12、red after the storm.清晰的,明显的It is clear that he didnt attend school yesterday.22.nearly adv.接近区分nearly/almost区分nearlyalmost侧重点数量和时间程度和状态搭配其前可以有very、quite、not等almost可以与no one、nobody、nothing、everything等不定代词连用It is very nearly 5 oclock.Almost nobody likes to play with him.23.heart n.心脏lose heart 灰心Nothi

13、ng is difficult if you put your heart into it.24.catch fire 着火make a fire 生火25.find ones way out 找到出路They got lost and couldnt find their way out.26.mind n.头脑keep sth in mind 牢记make up ones mind to do 下定决心做某事I will keep your words in mind.I have made up my mind to leave you.扩展 mind作为动词介意，其后接动词应用动名词。

14、-Would you mind (ones) doing sth?-Of course not/Certainly not/Not at all不介意-Youd better not.介意27. run in all directions 四散逃跑People are running in all directions.28.mop (up) the floor 用拖把擦干地板29.其余词汇disaster/earthquake/accident/crash/village/lightning/storm/thunder/slight/loud/bomb/brick/shout/at last

15、/daylight/safe/towel/railway/burn/daughter/granddaughter/son/grandson/boardweekday/headache/toothache/countryside/housework/pancake/behind/dark语法核心一 过去进行时1. 定义表示过去某个时刻正在做某事 I was playing soccer at 4 p.m yesterday.表示过去某个阶段正在做某事 She was watching TV from 1 to 4 p.m yesterday.表以过去某个时刻为起点的将来（过去将来）Last Tu

16、esday Jack said he was leaving for Shanghai.2. 构成主语+be(was/were)+doing +其他3. 与一般过去时连用的时间状语this morning /at this time yesterday/at that time/at that moment/from nine to ten last nightwhen/while引起的时间状语从句,etc.二 when/while/aswhen/while/aswhen:当.时候。从句的动作既可以发生在主句之前，也可以发生在主句之后，也可以同时发生。其从句的谓语动词既可以为短暂性动词也可以为

17、延续性动词。When I came in,all the students were talking loudly.When she was watching TV,her mother came home.When I arrived at the bus stop,all the buses had gone.while:在.期间。从句的动作与主句必须同时发生。从句的谓语动词只能为延续性动词和表示状态的系表结构。还可以表示主从句同时进行，都用进行时。She telephoned me while I was watching football matches on TV.While I a

18、m away,please help me look after my goldfish.He was cooking in the kitchen while his brother was reading magazines on the sofa.as:当.时候；伴随.；一边.，一边.。as大部分情况下可以与when/while互换。但是as从句的谓语动词不可以为表示情感状态（不用于进行时）的动词。并且表示两个动作同时进行，也用while,不用as。另外，表示伴随.或者一边.来描述事情发生背景的时候，此时时间观念不是那么明显的时候只用as.As he woke up,it was eight oclock.I saw a car accident as I was riding to school.As time goes by,I gradually forget the pain I ever had.The girl sang as she walked home.