标识与符号物的人类学研究Anthropological study of signs and symbolsobjects.docx

标识与符号物的人类学研究Anthropological study of signs and symbolsobjects.docx

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标识与符号物的人类学研究Anthropologicalstudyofsignsandsymbolsobjects

标识与符号_物的人类学研究（Anthropologicalstudyofsignsandsymbols_objects）

Abstract:

asanobjectofanthropology,thingsbeginwithsocialDarwinismandtakethingsasmarkersofsocialdevelopmentstagestoanalyzetheorderofsocialevolution.Sincedifferentschoolsneedfordemonstrationandanalysis,socialrelationsandculturalmetaphorbehindtheirinterpretationofthepropertyandproperty,thispaperfromthesocialevolutionandthepointofviewofthesymbol,partofthereviewoftheresearchonanthropologypedigree,andepistemologymethoddiscussiononanthropologyschoolastheresearchobject.

Keywords:

object;logo;symbol;Technology

[author]WuXingzhi,lecturerofYunnanUniversityofNationalities,doctoralcandidateofXiamenUniversity.Kunming,650031

[CLCnumber]C912.4[documentidentificationcode]A[articlenumber]1004-454X（2010）01-0039-006

Identifications,and,Symbols:

Object,of,Anthropological,Research

WuXingzhi

Abstract:

Theobjects,asananthropologicalobjectofstudy,beganinSocialDarwinismasasocialdevelopmentphaseofanalyzingtheidentityoftheorderofsocialevolutionsequence.Sincethenbecauseofthedifferentschoolsofthoughtarguesthattheanalysisofneeds,materialandphysicalpropertiesoftheirrespectiveinterpretationoftheunderlyingsocialrelationsandculturalmetaphors.Thisarticleisfromthematerialsymbolsofsocialevolutionandtheperspectiveoftheanthropologicalresearchonthegenealogyofthingstosortout,andgetdiscussionsofhumanScienceSchoolintheobjecttostudytheobjectofthemethodologyandepistemology.

Key,words:

Object,Identification,Symbol,Technology

Anthropologyhasgenerallygonethroughthestudyofmatterandmaterialculture:

（1）thestudyoftheexistenceofconcretethings.Thatmatterandmaterialcultureitselfhasthelogicandvaluecannotbereplaced,butfromanindependentresearchfield;

（2）forthemediumofexchange,theexchangebehindpeoplebetweensocietyandsocialbetweenobjects,people,societyandculturesystemtostudy;（3）studyontheclassificationandsymboloftheculture,byclassificationsymbolandsymbolicobjects,whichcanrevealthemeaningandculturalorderandknowledgeclassification;（4）tostudythenatureofmindandtheviewonpeople.Takingtheobjectasthebreakthroughpointofthestudy,throughhistorical,socialandculturalcontext,toexplorethesociallifeandthenaturebehindit,howcanpeopleexpressthemselvesandemotionsthroughtheinteractionofsubjectandobject?

.Shareasthetraditionalanthropologicalfield,differentschoolsforthemedia,analyzethelanguageinterpretationoftheobjectfromdifferentangles,theoreticalframeworkandresearchparadigmtoconstructtheirschool.

I.asasymbolofsocialevolution

Earlyanthropologicalresearchonthematter,mainlyforthetool,classicalevolutiontheoryemphasizesthesequenceofhumansocietydevelopmenttime,communicationtheoryemphasizesthesimilardistributionofculturalspace,historicalschoolcultureismoreuseofculturalareaforarchaeologicalrelicsandartifactsofthesortthattherelationshipbetweenthevariousculturalforms.

Intheclassificationofancientsocieties,archaeologicalanthropologyhabituallyadoptedsuchclassificationsasthestoneage（StoneAge）,theBronzeAge（BronzeAge）andtheironage（IronAge）（C.,J.,Thomsen:

1836）.Thislinearclassificationis20yearsaheadofDarwin'stheoryofevolution.Thestoneageisdividedintotheoldstoneage（OldStoneAge）,theMiddleStoneAge（MiddleStoneAge）andtheNewStoneAge（NewStoneAge）.Now,theacademiccirclesusetheNeolithicageasalandmarkofPrehistory（nowordhistory）.Inthefieldofarchaeology,themainsymboloftheNeolithicAgeofthree:

1,fromthegeologicalpointofview,itishumanandtheHolocene（Holocene）ismostcloseto.2,technically,stonetoolsaremanufacturedbygrinding.3,economically,theemergenceoffarminganddomesticationofdomesticanimals.Thecognitionandclassificationoflinearevolutioninfactfortheearlysignshadalreadyappearedasearlyasinancientcivilizationoftheworld,inancientGreeceasanexample,thegoldenageofthesilveragedivision-BronzeAgeandironagebelongtothiskindoflinearhistory.Allthisshowsthatoneoftheprinciplesofancienthumancognitionofsocietyandnatureisthedivisionofthings.

Inthehistoryofanthropology,

Morgantofire,bow,potteryandironasasymbolofthehumandevelopmentprocessincludesthreephases:

savagery-barbarismandcivilizationstage.Differentstageswithdifferenttoolsformaterialidentification,theignorant,barbarismisdividedintolow/middle/highschoolperiod,suchasthelowerstageofhumanignorancetofruitsandnutsforfood;theintermediatestageofhumanignorancestartedeatingfishandtheuseoffire;advancedstageofhumaninventionandusethearrowsofignorance.Thelowerbarbarism,withtheinventionofpotteryasasymbolofmankind;intermediatebarbarism,theeasternhemispherebegananimaldomestication,theWesternHemispherebeganplantingcornandirrigationmethodusingadobeandstonebuilding;advancedbarbarism,mankindinventedequitationandbegantheuseofiron.Themarkofcivilizationbeganwiththeinventionanduseofwriting.Studyonthehorizonshareearlyevolutionist,materialandtechnologyisthebasisoftheconstructionofhumansocialandculturaldevelopmentofthemacronarrativemodeofsocialdevelopment,itsadvocacyofsingleandstraight,althoughbylatercriticismofeachschool,butasawayofsocialcognition,haveaprofoundimpactonthedevelopmentofhumansocietythesubject,especiallyonMarx'ssocialtheory.Thefirstcriticismoftheclassicalevolutionaryschoolwastheschoolofcommunication,whicharguedthatthetheoryofevolutioncouldnotexplainthesimilarityofculturesindifferentregions.Theybelievethatthesimilaritiesbetweenculturesandartifactsindifferentregionslieinthecommunicationandborrowingofpeopleduringtheprocessofcommunication.GreyBona（FritzGraebner）accordingtodifferentobjectsandtools,productionmode,culturalcharacteristicswillbedividedinto8regionsofAustraliaandOceaniaculturalcircle,suchasDongbanotsubcultureinclude:

plantingtuberplants,agriculture,fisheries,theuseoffixednetworkboardsystemofsmallboats,twosideslopecoverhousing,spiraltypepreparationtheheavy,woodenbaskets,woodencluborthepreparationofshieldandsecretassociation,malemakeupdance,soulworship,themoonmyth,signaldrums,etc.pipegroup.Sharethesubstanceandculture,theschoolofcommunicationindifferentculturalcircletool.Boas（FranzBoas）basedonthespecificdistributionofmaterialculture,inthemuseumexhibitondisplayintheconceptofCulturalDistrict,andtheconceptofstrictcontrolinthephysicalandculturalrelicsclassificationcategorytouse.Buttheshareofhisdisciplestoinheritanddeveloptheculturearea,withClarkWhistler（ClarkWissler）synthesizer,he（foodregions）accordingtothefoodandotherfactorstoculturalregiondivision.Suchas:

heproposedreindeer（Caribon）,withtheEskimoculturezone,bison（Bison）beltisplainIndianculturearea,salmon（Salmon）beltistheNorthPacificcoastandmesaIndianculturearea.Share.

Anewevolutionaryrisein1950s,andfromtheangleofecologicaltechnologyandsocialdevelopment,technologysystemandtherelationshipbetweenenergyandenvironmenthasbecometheresearchfocus.White（White.LeslieA）technicaldeterminismenergyintotheresearchfieldofanthropology,toexploretheproblemsofhumanandenvironmentandthedevelopmentofhumansociety,Whitebelievesthatthecultureisdividedintofourparts,includingtechnology,society,ideasandattitudes,whichincludestechnicaltools,meansoflivelihood,defenseandmaintenanceequipment.Sharethetechnologyitselfisoneofthematerial.SharetheWhiteenergytoexplaintheoccurrenceanddevelopmentofculturalpowerandprocess.Energy,asthecoreofculturalecology,notonlyprovidesabreakthroughpointtounderstandmanandnature,butalsobecomesamethodofmaterialanalysis.Whitebelievesthatthedevelopmentofhumanculturehasonitsownenergy,suchashuntingandgathering,totallydependentonhumanenergy,humansocietyintheprimitivestage;solarenergyutilizationstage,throughthecultivationofcerealsanddomesticatedlivestock,humancanbeusedtoconvertsolarenergyintoenergy,humansocietyintheancientcivilizationstage;stageofpowerrevolution.Humanbeingshavecoal,oilandnaturalgasresourcesundergroundasasourceofenergy,humansocietyinthemodernindustrialcountries;nuclearpowerstage.Whiteisthecarrierofenergy,thatremainunchangedinotherfactors,thedegreeofculturaldevelopmentandefficiencyintheuseoftoolsisproportionaltothesharewhichmakesthestudyofevolutionwithquantitativeanalysisperspective.Basedonthetheoryofmultilineevolution,heexploredtherelationshipbetweencultureandmaterialenvironmentfromtheperspectiveofholistic（view）.Culturalecologyistostudythecultureofthenaturalenvironmentanddebuggingarrangementsgenerallyincludesthreesteps:

oneistheanalysisoftherelationshipbetweenproductiontechnologyandenvironment,butwithaspecialtechnologytodevelopaspecificarearelatedtothepatternofbehavior;thethreeistodeterminetheenvironmenttodevelopthedesiredbehaviormode,whateffecthowmuchofthecultureanditsassociated.Wehavethereforesharesimilarsocialtechnicalequipment,becauseofdifference