标识与符号物的人类学研究Anthropological study of signs and symbolsobjects.docx

1、标识与符号物的人类学研究Anthropological study of signs and symbols objects标识与符号_物的人类学研究（Anthropological study of signs and symbols _ objects）Abstract: as an object of anthropology, things begin with social Darwinism and take things as markers of social development stages to analyze the order of social evolution

2、. Since different schools need for demonstration and analysis, social relations and cultural metaphor behind their interpretation of the property and property, this paper from the social evolution and the point of view of the symbol, part of the review of the research on anthropology pedigree, and e

3、pistemology method discussion on anthropology school as the research object.Keywords: object; logo; symbol; Technologyauthor Wu Xingzhi, lecturer of Yunnan University of Nationalities, doctoral candidate of Xiamen University. Kunming, 650031CLC number C912.4 document identification code A article nu

4、mber 1004-454X (2010) 01-0039-006Identifications, and, Symbols:, Object, of, Anthropological, ResearchWu XingzhiAbstract: The objects, as an anthropological object of study, began in Social Darwinism as a social development phase of analyzing the identity of the order of social evolution sequence. S

5、ince then because of the different schools of thought argues that the analysis of needs, material and physical properties of their respective interpretation of the underlying social relations and cultural metaphors.This article is from the material symbols of social evolution and the perspective of

6、the anthropological research on the genealogy of things to sort out, and get discussions of human Science School in the object to study the object of the methodology and epistemology.Key, words:Object, Identification, Symbol, TechnologyAnthropology has generally gone through the study of matter and

7、material culture: (1) the study of the existence of concrete things. That matter and material culture itself has the logic and value can not be replaced, but from an independent research field; (2) for the medium of exchange, the exchange behind people between society and social between objects, peo

8、ple, society and culture system to study; (3) study on the classification and symbol of the culture, by classification symbol and symbolic objects, which can reveal the meaning and cultural order and knowledge classification; (4) to study the nature of mind and the view on people. Taking the object

9、as the breakthrough point of the study, through historical, social and cultural context, to explore the social life and the nature behind it, how can people express themselves and emotions through the interaction of subject and object?. Share as the traditional anthropological field, different schoo

10、ls for the media, analyze the language interpretation of the object from different angles, theoretical framework and research paradigm to construct their school.I. as a symbol of social evolutionEarly anthropological research on the matter, mainly for the tool, classical evolution theory emphasizes

11、the sequence of human society development time, communication theory emphasizes the similar distribution of cultural space, historical school culture is more use of cultural area for archaeological relics and artifacts of the sort that the relationship between the various cultural forms.In the class

12、ification of ancient societies, archaeological anthropology habitually adopted such classifications as the stone age (Stone Age), the Bronze Age (Bronze Age) and the iron age (Iron Age) (C., J., Thomsen:1836). This linear classification is 20 years ahead of Darwins theory of evolution. The stone age

13、 is divided into the old stone age (Old Stone Age), the Middle Stone Age (Middle Stone Age) and the New Stone Age (New Stone Age). Now, the academic circles use the Neolithic age as a landmark of Prehistory (no word history). In the field of archaeology, the main symbol of the Neolithic Age of three

14、: 1, from the geological point of view, it is human and the Holocene (Holocene) is most close to. 2, technically, stone tools are manufactured by grinding. 3, economically, the emergence of farming and domestication of domestic animals. The cognition and classification of linear evolution in fact fo

15、r the early signs had already appeared as early as in ancient civilization of the world, in ancient Greece as an example, the golden age of the silver age division - Bronze Age and iron age belong to this kind of linear history. All this shows that one of the principles of ancient human cognition of

16、 society and nature is the division of things.In the history of anthropology,Morgan to fire, bow, pottery and iron as a symbol of the human development process includes three phases: savagery - barbarism and civilization stage. Different stages with different tools for material identification, the i

17、gnorant, barbarism is divided into low / middle / high school period, such as the lower stage of human ignorance to fruits and nuts for food; the intermediate stage of human ignorance started eating fish and the use of fire; advanced stage of human invention and use the arrows of ignorance. The lowe

18、r barbarism, with the invention of pottery as a symbol of mankind; intermediate barbarism, the eastern hemisphere began animal domestication, the Western Hemisphere began planting corn and irrigation method using adobe and stone building; advanced barbarism, mankind invented equitation and began the

19、 use of iron. The mark of civilization began with the invention and use of writing. Study on the horizon share early evolutionist, material and technology is the basis of the construction of human social and cultural development of the macro narrative mode of social development, its advocacy of sing

20、le and straight, although by later criticism of each school, but as a way of social cognition, have a profound impact on the development of human society the subject, especially on Marxs social theory. The first criticism of the classical evolutionary school was the school of communication, which ar

21、gued that the theory of evolution could not explain the similarity of cultures in different regions. They believe that the similarities between cultures and artifacts in different regions lie in the communication and borrowing of people during the process of communication. Grey Bona (Fritz Graebner)

22、 according to different objects and tools, production mode, cultural characteristics will be divided into 8 regions of Australia and Oceania cultural circle, such as Dongba not subculture include: planting tuber plants, agriculture, fisheries, the use of fixed network board system of small boats, tw

23、o side slope cover housing, spiral type preparation the heavy, wooden baskets, wooden club or the preparation of shield and secret association, male makeup dance, soul worship, the moon myth, signal drums, etc. pipegroup. Share the substance and culture, the school of communication in different cult

24、ural circle tool. Boas (Franz Boas) based on the specific distribution of material culture, in the museum exhibit on display in the concept of Cultural District, and the concept of strict control in the physical and cultural relics classification category to use. But the share of his disciples to in

25、herit and develop the culture area, with Clark Whistler (Clark Wissler) synthesizer, he (food regions) according to the food and other factors to cultural region division. Such as: he proposed reindeer (Caribon), with the Eskimo culture zone, bison (Bison) belt is plain Indian culture area, salmon (

26、Salmon) belt is the North Pacific coast and mesa Indian culture area. Share.A new evolutionary rise in 1950s, and from the angle of ecological technology and social development, technology system and the relationship between energy and environment has become the research focus. White (White. Leslie

27、A) technical determinism energy into the research field of anthropology, to explore the problems of human and environment and the development of human society, White believes that the culture is divided into four parts, including technology, society, ideas and attitudes, which includes technical too

28、ls, means of livelihood, defense and maintenance equipment. Share the technology itself is one of the material. Share the White energy to explain the occurrence and development of cultural power and process. Energy, as the core of cultural ecology, not only provides a breakthrough point to understan

29、d man and nature, but also becomes a method of material analysis. White believes that the development of human culture has on its own energy, such as hunting and gathering, totally dependent on human energy, human society in the primitive stage; solar energy utilization stage, through the cultivatio

30、n of cereals and domesticated livestock, human can be used to convert solar energy into energy, human society in the ancient civilization stage; stage of power revolution. Human beings have coal, oil and natural gas resources underground as a source of energy, human society in the modern industrial

31、countries; nuclear power stage. White is the carrier of energy, that remain unchanged in other factors, the degree of cultural development and efficiency in the use of tools is proportional to the share which makes the study of evolution with quantitative analysis perspective. Based on the theory of

32、 multi line evolution, he explored the relationship between culture and material environment from the perspective of holistic (view). Cultural ecology is to study the culture of the natural environment and debugging arrangements generally includes three steps: one is the analysis of the relationship

33、 between production technology and environment, but with a special technology to develop a specific area related to the pattern of behavior; the three is to determine the environment to develop the desired behavior mode, what effect how much of the culture and its associated. We have therefore share similar social technical equipment, because of difference