GMAT语法.docx

GMAT语法.docx

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GMAT语法

1.最主要的几点:

通顺,流畅,简洁,清楚无歧义,语法正确且用正确的idiom

2.读题,读完全句,注意时态,主语单复数,逻辑结构,整句意思和语气,找idiom和平行结构.文章中将两个部分等同时,一定要看是否是同一类型,逻辑是否正确!

当两个答案都好像可选时,从逻辑（意思）入手!

3.时态（注意未划线部分的时态,以前后搭配!

!

!

;过去完成时必须和过去时连用,并表示过去曾发生但在过去某时间已停止;现在完成时表示已经完成并不再进行的动作（但如果有since,for等时间状语,则表示还将继续的动作）;如果是同时间发生,将来时和一般现在时不能连用）;代词（it,those,that尤其是it,应就近修饰名词或指代所在主句或从句的主语）和单复数;主谓一致（单三）和both,each,eachother,oneanother的用法及一致（both…eachother为错）;平行结构（修饰和被修饰部分,省略,主语一致）;if和whether;歧义（修饰词,状语,代词的位置）;redundancy（从句还是分词,thatis,being,etc.）;动名词,分词和不定式（动名词表伴随,结果,正在发生,which,it和动名词做伴随状语;情态动词（原文中的情态动词一般不能改）;sothat,suchthat,和soasto的用法;动名词,分词和不定式（动名词表示结果和正在发生的动作等,如果描述过去的动作,用动名词错;不定式一般表目的,偶尔才表结果）;suchas和like;unlike,incontraryto,despite,although;逗号;

4.状语所在的位置和被修饰动词的关系;修饰词与被修饰词的位置和关系P120-24P121-27,

5.代词的对应关系;it,this,that,these,those等必须有相对应的名词P1117-8,如果划线部分有代词,一定要找到所指代的名词,如没有或不对应,必错;it同which不能表示前面的整句;this不做指代P121-27

6.OG-43;OG50;OG-55（within;AinsteadofB前后也要一致）;OG-59;OG-60;OG-70;OG-74;OG-80（those做代词前面应有复数名词相对应）;OG-83（it的用法）;OG-84;OG-91;OG-100;OG-105;OG-109（requireof…that（notto）;of的用法jobsofskill）;OG-111（givecredittosb.fordoingsth）;OG-124;OG126!

!

;OG-132（equalandequivalent的用法）;OG-133（平行结构isdone和do不平行）;OG-134（shouldandwill）;OG-135（useofcomma—平行的有独自主谓结构的句子之间必须有逗号!

）;OG-137（ofandfor）;OG-146（if从句中不用will将来时）;OG-155;OG-158（asisnotidiomatic）;OG-161（would和will）;OG-171;OG-176;OG-183（代词的重要性）;OG-188（that和who的比较）;OG-190（并列项的逻辑关系）;OG-195（多对一的逻辑关系错）;OG-197（and和aswellas的区别）;OG-198（过去某时前发生的动作必须用过去完成时）;OG-205（although）;OG-214（it）;OG-216（andalso=notonly…butalso）;OG-229（fortheprocesscanmean…）;OG-230（inreferencetoandreferringto）;OG-237（interactionof）;OG-255（passivetense;they;it）;

7.句子结构简洁:

分词结构优先于从句;being一般省略;但比较时than后的主谓要全:

避免歧义

8.分词结构做状语等句子成分时,其逻辑主语一定要和主句主语一致P120-25

9.主动优先于被动

10.suchas代替like;ratherthan代替insteadof;increased优先于increasing;两者之间的比较用comparewith而不用compareto;用whether不if引导从句;

11.Inthat不出现在句首

12.admittosomething,e.g.Headmitstohislackincomputerskills.

13.seemtobe为正确结构.不用seem+adjectiveornoun

14.介宾短语（如onthebasisof）在句首不要求逻辑主语

15.现在分词表示主动,伴随,结果,和正在进行的动作,过去分词表示被动和完成的动作,不定式表示将来发生或目的,不定式做修饰成分与主语不分开P

16.常用词:

attemptto;both…and;notonly…butalso;suggestAasB;define…as;use…as;considersth.sth.（而不是considersth.assth.）;regardas;legendhasitthat;choosefrom,contributeto;accordingto;concludethat;notsomuchas;neithernor;modeledafter;aresultof;toresultin;adebateover;aresponsibilityto,responsiblefor;differentfrom;aconsequenceof;so…astobe;so…that;depictedas;asgreatas;asgoodas;betterthan;attributeto;creditedwith;agreewith;appearto;becauseof;dependon;dueto;inorderto;subjectto;insofaras（在…范围内,相当于asfaras）;altersth.todosth.;moldsth.todosth.;

17.unlike,oppositeto和incontrastto在句首时,其逻辑主语应与主句主语一致;contraryto无须如此P119-22

18.不能改变句意和正确结构,主从关系不能改变!

!

P120-25

19.only的位置要与句意相符armedonlywithamap不能用onlyarmedwithamap

20.注意并列结构如:

that…andthat…

21.同位语从句只能用that引导（that无实际意义,e.g.Thenewsthatheisgayproves…）

22.在GMAT中,复数名词可以拥有单数事物,e.g.Threeoutoffourownabicycle.Somehaveapreferredstatusoverothers.

23.richandpoor等同于therichandthepoor

24.type和kind不能等同于事物,要加ofP1358-11

25.While（whereas）一般不引导时间状语从句,而是表示前后的强烈对比,并且要注意前后的搭配（一致）,包括单复数和时态.P1368-12P144-22;while+动词现在分词,与主句动作做强烈对比

26.Despite后不跟动名词短语,只跟简单名词

27.that和whom所引导的成分为宾语时可省略,e.g.theguyhetalkedto,thepainitcauses,etc.

28.that在其它情况下不能省略!

Thedoctorsuggeststhat…

29.WHAT的用法:

A1istoB1whatA2istoB2;WHAT的另一种用法whatisnowP1388-15

30.当引导从句时,介词+which优于where,因为前者更明确

31.理解句意,注意歧义!

P140-2avoidduplicationoffacilities而不是avoidduplicatedfacilities避免建设中的重复而不是避免建设;注意动词和受动词的关系,注意比较事物之间的关系（什么与什么的比较）;P142-13asizeablewolfpopulation有歧义,可能是大型的狼,也可能是大群的狼!

32.当短语或从句中的主语被省略时,一定要看是否和主句的主语相符,录e.g.Whensleeping,thehormoneissecreted.WRONG!

33.Whereonce=becauseP141-5

34.therebeing错P141-7

35.afterwhen错P141-7

36.onconditionthat后用虚拟语气P142-12

37.whether引导的宾语从句带有否定或是不确定的意思,所以从句中可加ornot.如果主句是肯定则不能用whether引导宾语从句

38.P146-27C选项中没有歧义,可以接受;P144-19B选项中也不存在歧义,因为whose不可能修饰bloodpressure.

39.Therebe只能表示在某处存在某事物.

40.在比较中要注意被比较的事物,e.g.P1569-6中,被比较的是回收纸的数量而不是纸本身,morepaper的用法不如theamountopaper准确

41.themore…themore可以省略系动词,但前后要一致:

Thegreatthenationwealth,thegreatertheamountofmeatconsumed.

42.（至少）等于,或大于的表示:

atleastas…as;as…as,ifnotmoreso;as…asor比较级than

43.Goods是复数形式,e.g.Halfofhisgoodswerelostinthestorm

44.情态动词作用特殊,一般不用其它结构或动词（如be动词）代替.

45.Notany不如直接用no

46.结构上的对称在GMAT中很重要,尤其在比较中:

as…as,more…than

47.Worthprep.价值abookworth$20;Heisworth$1million

48.NolessanauthoritythanMr.XXX象Mr.XXX这样权威的人

49.noun+of+lessthan是固定用法:

investmentoflessthan$1million;vehiclesoflessthan8000pounds;populationoflessthan100people

50.比较中如果前后的主语相同,后面的主语可省略.P168-13

51.P170-28NolessremarkablethanthedevelopmentofCDhasbeentheuse…习惯用法

52.So修饰形容词,such修饰名词,e.g.suchanextraordinaryfee或feearesoextraordinarythat…soextraordinaryfees错!

53.Asmuchas表肯定,somuchas用于否定;somuchthat或asmuchthat错!

54.More（less）of+noun（可数或不可数）更大（更少）程度上的P-172-35,less/more为名词

55.Compareto指比喻,比作,e.g.Lifeisoftencomparedtoavoyage;比较同类事物时用comparewith,e.g.comparethebrainofhumanwiththatofelephant

56.During一般不与将来时段连用,duringthenext50years少用,多用其它词如over（overthenext50year）,within（withintheforeseeablefuture）等替换E5-56,E9-55

57.再次强调,看到代词一定要看是否指代为唯一,是否会产生歧义!

P177-57

58.比较要看事物的可比性,结构的对称,

59.表示原因一般用because,较少用dueto或since

60.Ado（does）sth.,justasBdo（does）sth.;JustasAdo（does）sth.,soBdo（does）sth.;AsAdo（does）sth.,sotoodo（does）A（orsotooAdo（does）正如…也AsTomis…sotooarewe…

61.Thenation'sthreemilitaryacademicshaveseenadramaticriseinapplications,onefueledbyaresurgenceofpatriotism,increasingtuitioncostsatprivatecollege,andimprovedrecruitingbytheacademics.

62.一定要注意主语和谓语的搭配,e.g.OutofAmerica'sfascinationwithallthingsantiquehavegrownamarketforbygonestylesoffurnitureandfixturesthatarebringingbackthechaiselounge,theoverstuffedsofa,andtheclaw-footedbathtub.

B.thingsantiquehasgrownamarketforbygonestylesoffurnitureandfixturesthatisbringing

E.antiquethingshasgrownamarketforbygonestylesoffurnitureandfixturesthatbring

63.修饰thing一类的词时，形容词放在后面.Thingsinteresting,thingsantique,见上例.

64.12.AffordingstrategicproximitytotheStraitofGibraltar,MoroccowasalsoofinteresttotheFrenchthroughoutthefirsthalfofthetwentiethcenturybecausetheyassumedthatiftheydidnotholdit,theirgriponAlgeriawasalwaysinsecure.

（A）iftheydidnotholdit,theirgripinAlgeriawasalwaysinsecure

（B）withoutittheirgriponAlgeriawouldneverbesecure

（C）theirgriponAlgeriawasnoteversecureiftheydidnotholdit

（D）withoutthat,theycouldneverbesecureabouttheirgriponAlgeria

（E）neverwouldtheirgriponAlgeriabesecureiftheydidnotholdit

这里的角度是French在firsthalfofthecentury.在那时Frenchdidholdit!

虽然与现在的事实相反,如果你改成过去完成时,就改变了原句意思,变成了在firsthalfofthecenturyFrench没有holdMorocco.理解一下.

65.4.AnalystsblamedMay'ssluggishretailsalesonunexcitingmerchandiseaswellastheweather,colderandwetterthanwasusualinsomeregions,whichslowedsalesofbarbequegrillsandlawnfurniture.

（A）colderandwetterthanwasusualinsomeregions,whichslowed

（B）whichwascolderandwetterthanusualinsomeregions,slowing

（C）sinceitwascolderandwetterthanusuallyinsomeregions,whichslowed

（D）beingcolderandwetterthanwasusuallyinsomeregions,slowing

（E）havingbeencolderandwetterthanwasusualinsomeregionsandslowed

66.Developingnationsinvariouspartsoftheworldhaveamassed$700billionindebts;atstake,shouldasignificantnumberofthesedebtsberepudiated,isthesolvencyofsomeoftheworld’slargestmultinationalbanks.

（A）shouldasignificantnumberofthesedebtsberepudiated,is

（B）shouldasignificantnumberofthesedebtsberepudiated,are

（C）shouldtheyrepudiateasignificantnumberofthesedebts,are

（D）ifthereisarepudiationofasignificantnumberofthesedebts,wouldbe

（E）ifasignificantnumberofthesedebtswillberepudiated,is

67.Asif在GMAT中多为错.

68.So…that…中的倒装结构

1.SopoorlydesignedandbuiltaremanyofitsnewcarsthattheZenithCarCompanyhasdecidedtooverhaulitsentireproductionprocess.

A  Sopoorlydesignedandbuiltaremanyofitsnewcarsthat

B  Manyofitsnewcarswhicharesopoorlydesignedandbuiltdemonstrateswhy

C  Becauseofmanynewcarsthatarepoorlydesignedandbuiltthat  

D  Aspoorlydesignedandbuiltasmanyofitsnewcarsare,

E  Thatmanyofitsnewcarsarepoorlydesignedandbuiltiswhy

69.GMAT考试语法改错题方法小结

转自：

  作者:

新东方  

　　CORRECTIVENESS  

　　I.LogicalFallacies（logicalperfectionissuperiortogrammatical  

imperfection,thefirstandforemostissueofGMATgrammarislogic）  

　　（i）"ShanghaiisbiggerthananycitiesinChina."ismistakenbecause  

Shanghaicannotbelargerthananycitiesthatinclusiveofitself.Soit  

shouldbe"ShanghaiisbiggerthananyothercitiesinChina."

　　（ii）Blindeyesight;visiblewavelengtharelogicallyflawed  

arrangement;itshouldbe"blindpeople","visibleradiation"instead.  

　　（iii）PricecannotcauseinflationbutPriceIncreasecan.  

　　（iv）前后转折关系（bytransitionalwordsas‘but'etc.）是否成立要看前后的分类

标

　　（v）准是否统一：

bigmeasurement→smallmeasurement  

　　III.主谓搭配和代词指代（七大类型）  

　　（vi）出现句首名（vii）词+长串修饰考主谓搭配的可能性很大；

　　（viii）在英文中永远只有主谓搭配，同（ix）位语对谓语动词单复（x）数没有影响

　　Fivehundredstudentseachhaveacomputer.  

　　Eachoffivehundredstudentshaveacomputer.