届中考英语二轮复习《第11讲词语运用专题》讲义.docx
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届中考英语二轮复习《第11讲词语运用专题》讲义
词语运用;;
【知识点睛】
《义务教育新课程标准》对词语运用试题的界定：
要求初中毕业生能够理解和领悟词语的基本含义以及在特定语境中的意义；能够了解常用语言形式的基本结构和常用表意功能；能够根据不同的阅读目的运用简单的阅读策略获取信息；掌握单词、短语、习惯用语和固定搭配的使用等。
词语运用命题特点：
近几年，河南省中考英语词语运用题，保持了应用性、探究性、综合性和时代性的特征，着重考查了学生的基础能力、综合能力和书面表达能力。
词语运用题主要考查学生对知识应用的熟练程度，对语言的迁移能力和对语言信息的综合处理能力。
题材：
故事、文化习俗、科普小品、体育等。
考察范围：
介词、动词、形容词、连词、代词、名词、数词、习惯表达等，既注重语法知识和习惯用语的考查，又加强对篇章结构的理解，同时强调了写的成分。
（具体见考点分布表）
河南中考英语词语运用题考点分布表：
年份
分类
2016
2015
2014
2013
2012
2011
文体
记叙文
记叙文
记叙文
记叙文
记叙文
记叙文
词数
239
230
204
192
152
197
话题
讲述了当今社会人们把太多时间放在智能手机上，却忽略真实生活中的人和事的现象
讲述了一种当前最受欢迎的心形手势
高中的学生在奥克兰的机场卖咖啡的故事
讲述了一个“以其人之道，还治其人之身”的故事
迈克尔·杰克逊的经历和演唱生涯
人生价值
考点分布（分值）
名词
2
2
2
2
2
1
代词
1
1
1
1
1
1
动词
3
3
3
3
2
2
形容词
2
2
/
2
1
2
连词
1
1
1
/
/
1
介词
/
1
/
1
1
1
副词
1
/
2
1
2
1
数词
/
/
1
/
1
1
（一）重点考查单词拼写、语言基础知识，在考查词汇的同时考查读与写的能力。
这就要求考生首先要把握住短文的主旨大意，答题时除了考虑词法、句法，还要研究语篇中句子的结构、衔接和连贯等问题。
（二）以上表格显示词语运用主要考查包括名词、动词、副词、连词、代词以及介词等，基本包括所有词类。
文体方面主要是以记叙文为主。
今年河南省中考英语词语运用试题可能会延续以前的考查模式，设空时仍然会以名词、动词、形容词等实词为主，副词等其他的虚词也会有所涉及。
（三）重视句子之中或句子与句子之间的联系，侧重所给词的变化，如名词、动词、数词、代词、形容词等形式上的变化。
（四）试题选材符合考生的书面表达水平，文体偏重记叙文，以故事类的话题为主，短文内容贴近学生的学习和生活。
词数在200左右。
短文共设10个小题，每空一词，第一句话一般不设空，试题力求答案的唯一性。
词语运用注意事项
形式、词法、句法、基础知识
词语运用试题的做题步骤：
1、跳过空格，通读全文，了解大意。
2、复读全文，确定语义，判断词形。
3、利用语境，确定词形。
4、复读全文，验证答案。
词语运用的关键：
_________________
1.定词：
_________________________________________________________________________
2.变形：
a._______________________________________________________________________
b._______________________________________________________________________
c._______________________________________________________________________
d._______________________________________________________________________
e._______________________________________________________________________
一、定词______________________
用方框内所给的词或短语进行填空，两项多余。
varioussimilarwithcarefamiliarintrouble
destroymedicinesdependsonmachinesgets
TodayI’mgoingtotalkaboutrainforests.Areyou__________withthem?
They’reinterestingandexcitingplaces!
Manykindsoftheworld’splantsandanimalsliveintherainforests.
However,rainforestsare__________now—theyaredisappearingveryfastbecausetheyarecutdownorburnteveryday.Asaresult,__________animalsandplantsaredyingout.
Maybeyouhaveneverbeentoarainforest,sowhyshouldyouprotectthem___________?
Rainforestsareimportanttoeveryone.Theyareimportantbecausetheplantsintherainforestsmakeoxygen.Weneedoxygentobreathe.
Rainforestalsohelptocontroltheweather.Whentreesarecutdown,it_________hotter.Besides,onequarterofour__________comefromplants.Manyoftheseplantscanbefoundonlyinrainforests.Thereisalotthatwehavenotlearntaboutrainforests.Ifwe__________them,wewillneverfindout.
Inmyopinion,ourfuture_____________savingtherainforests.Wemusttellmorepeoplehowimportantrainforestsaresothattheywillstopdoingharmtothem.Wemustprotecttherainforestsnow.Wehavetoactnowtosaveouronlyhome.
二、变形______________________
a.动词—___________________________________________________________________
“Whatistheboydoing?
”Iaskedmyselfandlookedclosely.“Oh,heis_________（pick）upacoinfromtheground.”Whenhe________（stand）up,wesaweachother.
Iaskedhimifhe________（need）somemoney.Hereplied,“No.That’sokay.”
Fromhersadlook,SusienoticedthatMrs.Smithmust____________（cry）foralongtime.
They___________（live）heresince2000.
ThereisaGermanproverbthatsays,“Friendshipisaplantthatmustbe________（water）.”
ThebookwrittenbyLuXun________（sell）well.
__________（think）abouttheconnections（联系）betweenwordsmayhelpyoutorememberthem.
Manychildrenareleftaloneinthecountryside.Let’stryourbest___________（help）them.
Wouldyoupleasegivemeasmany___________（suggest）aspossible?
Thewindow__________（break）byJimyesterdayhasbeenmended.
Don’tyouseeaboy__________（run）towardsus?
b.形容词副词—_____________________________________________________________
Thesharkgotherleftarm,andhurther_________（bad）.Luckily,shetriedherbestandswambacktotheland.
Hefelt________（true）sorryforwhathesaid.
Thiskindofcoffeetastesvery_________（well）.
Herlittledogdiedyesterday.Thismadehervery__________（happy）.
Apersonwhois__________（honest）alwaystellslies.
Shedidn’tgiveupherdreamofbecomingasurfer,butshehadtopractice_________（hard）thanbefore.
MaYun,headofAlibaba,isoneof_____________（rich）personsintheworld.
There’snotmuch____________（different）inpricebetweenthetwomobilephones.
c.名词—___________________________________________________________________
Allthoseforeign__________（thief）havebeencaught.
Allparentsworryabouttheir_________（child）success.
Doyouknowthegirl?
Sheisafriendofmy_________（sister）.
Thestoryisreally__________（humor）.Itmakesallofuslaughalot.
Iwanttolearnhowtoeat__________（health）.
d.数词—___________________________________________________________________
MostpeoplespeakEnglishasa________（two）language.
Two________（five）ofthestudentsinourclassareleaguemembers.
Theygotothelibrary________（one）aweek.
e.代词—___________________________________________________________________
MotheraskedtheGreenstohelp________（they）tosomepears.
Myhobbyisreadingcomicbooks,whatabout________（you）?
Thereisn’t____________（something）wrongwiththecomputer.
f.介词连词
【精讲精练】
A
请用适当的词完成下面的短文。
每个空只能填写一个形式正确、意义相符的单词。
TheGreatWallisknownastheeighthwonderoftheworld.Everyyearthousandsoftouristsfromallovertheworldcometovisitthisplaceof1_______inChina.
LastSaturdayIwenttotheGreatWall2________someofmyfriends.Itwasasunnyday.Onourwayup,wesawmanyvolunteerskeepingorderinthesun.Theyhelpedtheelderswiththeirbags,3_______photosforsometouristsandansweredpeople’squestions.Thoughtheyarevery4_______,theydidn’tstoptohavearest.Weweredeeplymovedwhenwesawthis.
Justatthatmoment,wesaw5_______littleboystandingaloneandcrying.Wewentoverandaskedwhat6_______tohim.Fromhisanswerweknewthathecouldn’tfindhismother.Wetoldhimnotto7_______aboutitandthenwetriedtogetintouchwithhismotherwiththephonenumberhegaveus.Twentyminutes8_______,hismotherturnedup.Whenshesawherson,shewasveryexcitedandthanked9_______withtearsinhereyes.
ThatdaywenotonlyenjoyedthebeautyoftheGreatWall,butalsofeltthewarmthofthesociety.10_______everyonecanreachoutahelpinghandtoothers,theworldarounduswillbemoreandmoreharmonious（和谐的）.
1.________2._________3._________4._________5.__________
6.________7._________8._________9._________10._________
B
根据短文内容和首字母提示，在下文空格处填入适当的词使短文完整。
（每空一词）
Frankwasacuriousboy.Thefirsttimehesawanhourglass（沙漏）,hewonderedwhatitwas.
Hismothersaid,“Anhourglassismadeinthes___11___of8.Thesandisputinatoneend,andrunsthroughasmallholeinthem___12___.Ittakesthesandexactlyanhourtorunthrough.”
Frankw___13___thelittlestreamofsand.Hewasi___14___,becauseitwouldnotrunfaster.“Letmeshakeit,mother,”saidhe.“Itislazy,andwillnevergetthrough.”
“Itwill,Son,”saidhismother.“Thesandmoveslittlebylittle,butitmovesallthetime.Whenyoulookatthehandsoftheclock,youthinktheygoverys___15___,buttheyneverstop.Whileyouareatplay,thesandisr___16___,grainbygrain.Thehandsoftheclockaremoving,secondbysecond.Atnight,thesandinthehourglasshasrunthroughtwelvetimes.Thehourhandoftheclockhasmoveda___17___itsgreatface.Thisisbecausetheykeepworkingeveryminute.Theydonotstoptot___18___howmuchtheyhavetodoandhowlongitwilltakethemtodoit.”
Now,Frank’smotherwantedhimtolearnalittlepoem,buthesaid,“Mother,Icanneverlearni___19___.”Hismothersaid,“Studyallthetime.N___20___stoptoaskhowlongitwilltaketolearnit.”
Frankfollowedhismother’sadvice.Hestudiedlineafterline,verybusily;andinoneandahalfhoursheknewthepoemperfectly.
11.________12._________13._________14._________15.__________
16.________17._________18._________19._________20.__________
C
用方框中所给词的适当形式填空。
每个词限用一次。
anothercarrycontrolhavelifewelltreesousualwild
AnimalsareimportantinIndiancultureandaretreatedinaspecialway.Forexample,alotofelephantsaren’t21______.Theyaredomesticated（驯养的）.Theyaren’tkeptaspets,butasworkinganimals.Everyworkingelephant22______itsownkeeper.Anelephantanditskeepermeetforthefirsttimewhentheyarebothyoung,andtheygrowuptogether.Infact,theirrelationshipcontinuesfortherestoftheelephant’s23______—perhaps40years.Lotsofelephantsworkintheforest,movingheavy24______whentheyarecutdown.Somegiveridestotourists,or25______peopleduringcelebrationsandfestivals.Keeperstakeexcellentcareoftheirelephants,feedingthem26______andgivingthemabathattheendoftheworkingday.
27______specialanimalinIndiaisthecow.Cowsareprotectedanimals,28______theyaren’tkeptonfarmsorkilledforfood,althoughpeopledousetheirmilk.SoinIndiayoucanoftenseecowswalkingaroundtownsandcities,andnobodytries29______them.Iftheysitdowninthemiddleoftheroad,people30______drivearoundthem!
Doyouthinkit’sinteresting?
21.__________22.__________23.__________24.__________25.__________
26.__________27.____
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