英语四级选词填空练习题及答案分析.docx
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英语四级选词填空练习题及答案分析
2021年英语四级选词填空练习题及答案分析
Whatdeterminesthekindofpersonyouare?
Whatfactorsmakeyoumoreorlessbold,intelligent,orabletoreadamap?
Alloftheseareinfluencedbytheinteractionofyourgenesandtheenvironmentinwhichyouwere__1__.Thestudyofhowgenesandenvironmentinteracttoinfluence__2__activityisknownasbehavioralgenetics.Behavioralgeneticshasmadeimportant__3__tothebiologicalrevolution,providinginformationabouttheextenttowhichbiologyinfluencesmind,brainandbehavior.
Anyresearchthatsuggeststhat__4__toperformcertainbehaviorsarebasedinbiologyiscontroversial.Whowantstobetoldthattherearelimitationstowhatyoucan__5__basedonsomethingthatisbeyondyourcontrol,suchasyourgenes?
Itiseasytoacceptthatgenescontrolphysicalcharacteristicssuchassex,raceandeyecolor.Butcangenesalsodeterminewhetherpeoplewillgetdivorced,how__6__theyare,orwhatcareertheyarelikelytochoose?
Aconcernofpsychologicalscientistsisthe__7__towhichallofthesecharacteristicsareinfluencedbynatureandnurture（养育）,bygeneticmakeupandtheenvironment.Increasingly,science__8__thatgeneslaythegroundworkformanyhumantraits.Fromthisperspective,peopleareborn__9__likeundevelopedphotographs:
Theimageisalreadycaptured,butthewayit__10__appearscanvarybasedonthedevelopmentprocess.However,thebasicpictureistherefromthebeginning.
[A]abilities
[B]achieve
[C]appeal
[D]complaints
[E]contributions
[F]displayed
[G]essentially
[H]eventually
[I]extent
[J]indicates
[K]proceeds
[L]psychological
[M]raised
[N]smart
[O]standard
答案解析：
1.[M]raisedraise在这里的意思是"养育"，theenvironmentinwhichyouwereraised意思是"你成长的环境"。
2.[L]psychological"psychologicalactivity"意思是"心理活动"，全句意思是"研究基因和外部环境如何相互作用影响人心理活动的学科被称为行为遗传学"。
3.[E]contributions"makecontributionsto"为固定搭配，意为"为……做贡献"。
4.[A]abilities"abilityto…"意思是"做某事的能力"，在此处，全句意思是"任何一篇宣称人类做出某种行为的能力是基于生物学的研究都是有争议的"。
5.[B]achieve"limitationstowhatyoucanachieve"意思是"对你所能达到的水平的限制"。
6.[N]smart此处需填一个形容词，而且用来形容人，根据题意，smart符合题意，表示"机灵，可爱"。
7.[I]extent此处填extent，主要是因为后面有to，"totheextent…"译为"……的程度"。
8.[J]indicatesindicate意思是"表明，显示"。
全句意为"越来越多的科学（现象）表明基因对人类很多特征有基础作用"。
9.[G]essentiallyessentially的意思是"实际上，本质上"。
全句意为"从这个角度来讲，人一出生，本质上就像是还没洗出来的照片：
相已经照了，但是最终会呈现多少就在于显影的过程了"。
10.[H]eventuallyeventually副词，意思是"最终，最后"。
Withtheworld'spopulationestimatedtogrowfromsixtoninebillionby2050,researchers.businessesandgovernmentsarealreadydealingwiththeimpactthisincreasewillhaveoneverythingfromfoodandwatertoinfrastructure（基础设施）andjobs.Underlingallthis__1__willbethedemandforenergy,whichisexpectedtodoubleoverthenext40years.
Findingtheresourcestomeetthisdemandina__2__.sustainablewayisthecornerstone（基石）ofournation'senergysecurity,andwillbeoneofthemajor__3__ofthe21stcentury.Alternativeformsofenergy-bio-fuels,windandsolar,tonameafeware__4__beingfundedanddeveloped,andwillplayagrowing__5__intheworld'senergysupply.Butexpertssaythatevenwhen__6__,alternativeenergysourceswilllikelymeetonlyabout30%oftheworld'senergyneedsby2050.
Forexample,evenwith__7__investments,suchasthe$93millionforwindenergydevelopment__8__intheAmericanRecoveryandReinvestmentAct,importantalternativeenergysourcessuchaswindandbio-fuels__9__onlyabout1%ofthemarkettoday.
Energyandsustainabilityexpertssaytheanswertoourfutureenergyneedswilllikelycomefromalotof__10__bothtraditionalandalternative.
[A]stable
[B]solutions
[C]significant
[D]role
[E]progress
[F]marvelous
[G]included
[H]growth
[I]exactly
[J]consist
[K]comprise
[L]competitions
[M]combined
[N]challenges
[O]certainly
答案解析：
1growth2stable3challenges4certainly5role6combined7significant8included9comprise10solutions
【解析】这是一篇讨论能源资源的说明文，话题是考生比较熟悉的能源问题，不断增长的人口与可再生资源的矛盾该如何解决。
文中指出能源的一些可替代形式如生物能源、风能太阳能等可再生资源将在未来发挥越来越重要的作用。
但是专家指出，即使这些资源储备量惊人，但是到2050年也只能满足世界30%的需求。
文章最后两段探讨了各能源在市场上的需求，以及解决未来能源需求的其他方案。
总体来说，这篇文章理解难度不大，填空难度适中，所选词汇也都是四级考纲的词汇。
选项较具有干扰项，多为c和s开头的单词，考生在考试时要特别注意。
Whatdeterminesthekindofpersonyouare?
Whatfactorsmakeyoumoreorlessbold,intelligent,orabletoreadamap?
Alloftheseareinfluencedbytheinte
ractionofyourgenesandtheenvironmentinwhichyouwere__1__.Thestudyofhowgenesandenvironmentinteracttoinfluence__2__activityisknownasbehavioralgenetics.Behavioralgeneticshasmadeimportant__3__tothebiologicalrevolution,providinginformationabouttheextenttowhichbiologyinfluencesmind,brainandbehavior.
Anyresearchthatsuggeststhat__4__toperformcertainbehaviorsarebasedinbiologyiscontroversial.Whowantstobetoldthattherearelimitationstowhatyoucan__5__basedonsomethingthatisbeyondyourcontrol,suchasyourgenes?
Itiseasytoacceptthatgenescontrolphysicalcharacteristicssuchassex,raceandeyecolor.Butcangenesalsodeterminewhetherpeoplewillgetdivorced,how__6__theyare,orwhatcareertheyarelikelytochoose?
Aconcernofpsychologicalscientistsisthe__7__towhichallofthesecharacteristicsareinfluencedbynatureandnurture（养育）,bygeneticmakeupandtheenvironment.Increasingly,science__8__thatgeneslaythegroundworkformanyhumantraits.Fromthisperspective,peopleareborn__9__likeundevelopedphotographs:
Theimageisalreadycaptured,butthewayit__10__appearscanvarybasedonthedevelopmentprocess.However,thebasicpictureistherefromthebeginning.
[A]abilities
[B]achieve
[C]appeal
[D]complaints
[E]contributions
[F]displayed
[G]essentially
[H]eventually
[I]extent
[J]indicates
[K]proceeds
[L]psychological
[M]raised
[N]smart
[O]standard
答案解析：
1.[M]raisedraise在这里的意思是"养育"，theenvironmentinwhichyouwereraised意思是"你成长的环境"。
2.[L]psychological"psychologicalactivity"意思是"心理活动"，全句意思是"研究基因和外部环境如何相互作用影响人心理活动的学科被称为行为遗传学"。
3.[E]contributions"makecontributionsto"为固定搭配，意为"为……做贡献"。
4.[A]abilities"abilityto…"意思是"做某事的能力"，在此处，全句意思是"任何一篇宣称人类做出某种行为的能力是基于生物学的研究都是有争议的"。
5.[B]achieve"limitationstowhatyoucanachieve"意思是"对你所能达到的水平的限制"。
6.[N]smart此处需填一个形容词，而且用来形容人，根据题意，smart符合题意，表示"机灵，可爱"。
7.[I]extent此处填extent，主要是因为后面有to，"totheextent…"译为"……的程度"。
8.[J]indicatesindicate意思是"表明，显示"。
全句意为"越来越多的科学（现象）表明基因对人类很多特征有基础作用"。
9.[G]essentiallyessentially的意思是"实际上，本质上"。
全句意为"从这个角度来讲，人一出生，本质上就像是还没洗出
来的照片：
相已经照了，但是最终会呈现多少就在于显影的过程了"。
10.[H]eventuallyeventually副词，意思是"最终，最后"。
Thepopularnotionthatolderpeopleneedlesssleepthanyoungeradultsisamyth,scientistssaidyesterday.
Whileelderlypeople__1__tosleepforfewerhoursthantheydidwhentheywereyounger,thishasa（n）__2__effectontheirbrain'sperformanceandtheywouldbenefitfromgettingmore,accordingtoresearch.
SeanDrummond,a.psychiatrist（心理医生）attheUniversityofCalifornia,SanDiego,saidolderpeoplearemorelikelytosufferfrombrokensleep,whileyoungerpeoplearebetteratsleeping__3__straightthroughthenight.
Moresleepinoldage,however,is__4__withbetterhealth,andmostolderpeoplewouldfeelbetterandmore__5__iftheysleptforlongerperiods,hesaid.
"Theabilitytosleepinonechunk（整块时间）overnightgoesdownasweagebuttheamountofsleepweneedto__6__welldoesnotchange,"DrDrummondtoldtheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScienceconferenceinSanDiego.
"It's__7__amyththatolderpeopleneedlesssleep.Themorehealthyanolderadultis,themoretheysleepliketheydidwhentheywere__8__.Ourdatasuggeststhatolderadultswouldbenefitfrom__9__togetasmuchsleepastheydidintheir30s.That's__10__frompersontoperson,buttheamountofsleepwehadat35isprobablythesameamountasweneedat75."
[A]alert
[B]associated
[C]attracting
[D]cling
[E]continuing
[F]definitely
[G]different
[H]efficiently
[I]formally
[J]function
[K]mixed
[L]negative
[M]sufficient
[N]tend
[O]younger
答案解析：
文章大意：
本文主要讲述的是关于老年人睡眠的问题：
是否老年人与年轻人相比只需要较少的睡眠时间?
1.Ntendtendto固定搭配;表示"倾向于;"符合句意;
2.Lnegative空格后是effect，前面是a（n），由此可见，该处需要填入一个形容词;题目给出的形容词有negative,sufficient,younger;根据前后语意，填入negative最为恰当，表示"少的睡眠时间对大脑的活动有负面的影响。
"
3.Hefficiently根据推测，该处应该填入一个副词，题目给出的副词有efficiently,definitely,formally;前面提到，老年人在睡觉的时候更容易被打断，而后面用while提出一个对比的概念，年轻人相比起来能获得更_______的睡眠;综合起来，选用efficiently（最有效率的）最为准确。
4.Bassociatedbeassociatedwith固定搭配;表示"与…联系在一起";本句话表示"更多的睡眠通常都与健康度联系在一起";
5.Aalert先看整句话的含义，"如果他们能睡更长的时间
，他们的感觉应该会更好以及…"那么，该处应该填入一个褒义词，选择alert比较恰当，表示"更加警觉，机灵";
6.Jfunction根据判断，此处应该填入一个动词，剩下的动词有cling,function;整句话的意思是"当我们上了年纪的时候，我们一觉睡到天亮的能力下降了，但是，我们需要…的睡眠量并没有改变;"空格后的单词是well，cling在这里并不合适，一般与to连用;选用function最为适合;
7.Fdefinitely在首段已经提出这个观点是一个myth，那么显而易见最后一段中出现的myth是作为一种强调手段，应填入definitely;
8.Oyounger空格的前面是whentheywere…，"当他们年轻的时候";应填入younger;
9.Econtinuing本句的意思是"我们的数据显示老年人将从…获益;"空格的后面是"得到和他们在三十多岁的时候能得到的睡眠一样多";根据上下文意思，该处应填入"continuing";
10.Gdifferentdifferentfrom固定搭配;表示"和…不同"。
Aswarspreadstomanycornersoftheglobe,childrensadlyhavebeendrawnintothecentreofconflicts.InAfghanistan,Bosnia,andColombia,however,groupsofchildrenhavebeentakingpartinpeaceeducation__1__.Thechildren,afterlearningtoresolveconflicts,tookonthe__2__ofpeacemakers.TheChildren'sMovementforPeaceinColombiawasevennominated（提名）fortheNobelPeacePrizein1998.Groupsofchildren__3__aspeacemakersstudiedhumanrightsand
升级会员 