学年高中英语新人教版必修3课时随堂精练Unit 4 单元综合.docx

学年高中英语新人教版必修3课时随堂精练Unit 4 单元综合.docx

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学年高中英语新人教版必修3课时随堂精练Unit4单元综合

1、EscapeSurfSchool

TheEscapeSurfSchoolisinNewquayandhasbeenteachingpeopletosurfforover12years.AswellasbeingoneofthelongestrunningUKsurfschools,wearealsooneoftheonlyschoolsinNewquaywitha35-yearprofessionalsurferasheadcoach.

Weareopen12monthsoftheyear,7daysaweek,soifyouwanttolearntosurforimproveyoursurfing,thenlooknofurther.

SurfLessons

AttheEscapeSurfSchoolweareproudtospecialize,notgeneralise.Weofferlessonsatalllevels,fromcompletebeginnerstoadvancedandcontestsurfers.Aswellasofferingsurfinglessons,wealsoofferavarietyofpackageswhichincludesurfingandaccommodation!

AlllessonstakeplaceonTowan,GreatWesternorFistralbeach,allofwhicharelessthan5minuteswalkfromschool.Sowemeetattheschool,whereweallchangeintowetsuits,andthenproceedtothebestbeach.

GuidePrices

1lesson—￡65:

Perfectforabeginner,tastersession,orquicksurfingfix!

Fullday（2lessons）—￡90:

Canbesplitover2daystoreallyprogressinyoursurfing.

Familylesson—￡160:

Havefunwiththefamilyinaprivatelessonwithoneofourprofessionalcoaches.（Priceisbasedon2adultsand2kids.）

OneonOne—￡1.00:

ExperienceprivatecoachingwithProSurfer.Alllevelstaught.

TwoonOne—￡140:

Couplesorfriends,experienceaprivatesurfcoachingsession,perfecttofasttrackyoursurfingandimpressyourpartner!

Alllevelstaught.

Thepricesincludeboardandwetsuit（andbootsorglovesifrequired）,therearenohiddencharges.

1.WhatmakestheEscapeSurfSchoolunique?

A.Itshistory.B.Itslessons.C.Itsstudents.D.Itsheadcoach.

2.Howmuchwillbepaidiftwinsisterswantaprivatelessontogether?

A.￡90.B.￡100.C.￡140.D.￡160.

3.WhatcanwelearnabouttheEscapeSurfSchool?

A.Itwelcomeslearnersatalllevels.B.Learnersshouldbringtheirownwetsuits.

C.Learnerscangetchangedonthebeaches.D.Itteachessurfingaswellasswimming.

2、   Aroundfouryearsago,Ireceivedacallfromtheprincipalofourschoolastothe“ParentsView”talkthenextmorning.Heaskedmetospeaktothegroup.Afterthecall,mywholebodybecamefeverishandpanicky.Thetimefromhiscalltothenextmorningseemedlikeyears.Thewholenight,Icouldnotsleepwithmanyominousapprehensionsinmind.OneofthemwastocalltheprincipalwithregretandtellhimthatIcouldnotcome.Finally,Igatheredsomecourage.Ithought,“IfImissthisopportunity,surelytheschoolwillneverinvitemeagaintoanyoftheirprograms.”

   Ireachedtheschoolintime.Beforemyturncame,mywholebodywastrembling.WhenmyturncameandIstartedspeaking,myheartbeatincreasedandmymouthwentdry.Iwasn’tevenabletoreadthewrittenspeechproperly.IwasnotawareofwhereIwasstandingandwhatIwasreading.ThatwasthedaywhenIrealizedmybiggestweakness,PublicSpeaking.

   Aftermyspeech,Imetwiththeprincipalandexplainedwhathappenedtome.Hetoldmethatthishappenstoeveryone.Evengreatspeaker,facedthesamethingswhentheystarted.HesuggestedthatIcomeagainnexttime.

   Aroundonemonthlater,IwasinvitedtorefertoatopiconMotivation.ThistimeIwasfeelingcomfortable.Myspeechwasnotonlyappreciatedbytheprincipalaswellastheteachers,becauseIwasabletogetmyideaacrosstothem.Theyencouragedandpraisedmyefforts.

   Afterdeliveringsuccessfully,Ibecamemoreconfident.Isaidtomyself,“IfIcanspeakinfrontofsuchalearnedaudience,liketheprincipalwhoeducatesothers,Icannowspeakinfrontofotherstoo.”

   Istarteddeliveringlecturesinmyplan,onvarioustopicslikeSelfMotivation,PersonalityDevelopment,PersonalExcellence,SpokenEnglishandPresentationSkills.Thishasbecomeapassionforme.Ilearnedthateverythingispossibleifwehavethecouragetotakethefirststep.

1.Whydidtheauthorhavebadfeelingsbeforethespeech?

A.hefearedhecouldn'tperformitproperly.

B.hehadgotahighfeverbeforethat

C.heregrettedacceptingtheinvitation

D.hedislikedtheideaofgivingalecture

2.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“ominousapprehensions”inthefirstparagraphmean?

A.Unluckyopportunities.B.Curiousviews.

C.Negativeideas.D.Happycomments.

3.Whatcanweconcludefromthepassage?

A.Necessityisthemotherofinvention.

B.Nothingistobegotwithoutpainsbutpoverty.

C.Knowledgemakeshumble,ignorancemakesproud.

D.Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.

4.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.PublicSpeakingMakesaManEmbarrassed.

B.PrincipalProvidestheBestChances.

C.PracticeMakesaManaBetterSpeechmaker

D.SpokenEnglishDevelopsinSpeeches.

3、Inmice,scientistshaveusedavarietyofdrugstotreatbraindisordersincludingmurineversionsofAlzheimer’sdisease（阿尔茨海默氏病）anddepression.Butinpeople,thesesametreatmentsusuallyfail.Andnowresearchersarebeginningtounderstandwhy.Adetailedcomparisonofthecelltypesinmouseandhumanbraintissuefoundsubtlebutimportantdifferencesthatcouldaffecttheresponsetomanydrugs,ateamreportedonWednesday.

“Ifyouwanttodevelopadrugthattargetsaspecificreceptorinaspecificdisease,thenthesedifferencesreallymatter,”saysChristofKoch,anauthorofthestudyandchiefscientistandpresidentoftheAllenInstituteforBrainScienceinSeattle.

Onekeydifferenceinvolvedgenesthatcauseacelltorespondtothechemicalmessengerserotonin（血淸素）,saysEdLein,astudyauthorandinvestigatorattheinstitute.“They’reexpressedinbothmouseandhuman，butthey’renotinthesametypesofcells,”Leinsays.

Now,researchershaveawaytomakesurethetypesofcellsinvolvedinaparticulardiseaseworkthesamewayinpeopleasinananimalmodel,Kochsays.

“Thetechnologyfinallycaughtupwithwhatwe’vebeenneedingtodoforprobablyover40years,"saysTomaszNowakowski,anassistantprofessorofanatomyattheUniversityofCalifornia,SanFranciscowhoco-wroteaneditorialthataccompaniedthestudy.

Tocomparemouseandhumanbraincells,researchersfirstanalyzedsixteenthousandhumanbraincellstakenfromthemiddletemporalgyms,apartofthecortex（大脑皮层）,thebrain'soutermostlayer.Thentheylookedatcellstakenfromthesameareaofamousebrain.

“Inonesense,theyareremarkablysimilar,”Kochsays,notingthatbothmiceandhumanhadabout100differenttypesofcellsinthisregionofthebrain.Butaclosecomparisonof75ofthesebraincelltypesrevealedsmalldifferences.

“Thosecellsaretheimmune（免疫的）cellsofthebrain,”Nowakowskisays.“Andyoumightimaginethatstudiesorinsightsintoneuroimmune（神经免疫）disorders,forexample,mightbevastlyaffectedbythisdifference.“AndthatcouldbeonereasonexperimentalAlzheimer’sdrugshavehelpedmice,butnotpeople.

1.Whydotheresearcherscomparemouseandhumanbraincells?

A.Todevelopsomekindsofdrugs.B.Toimproveaccuracyintreatment.

C.Tofindawaytocurebraindisorders.D.Tolookforthereasonforsomemedicalfailures.

2.Whatmakesmanydrugseffectiveformicebutnotforpeople?

A.Theeffectsofdifferentpartsofthegenes.B.Theresponseofthechemicalmaterials.

C.Smallbutimportantdifferencesinbraincells.D.Differentgeneexpressionsofdifferentcells.

3.Whatdotheresearchersexpectoftheresulttheyhavefound?

A.It’llsolvethepresentproblemsoon.B.It’llgivethemtheproperassistancetofurtherstudy.

C.It'llbeveryhelpfulforalldiseases.D.It’llhelpspeedupthestudyofthegenes.

4.Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?

A.Adiary.B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel.D.Anewspaper.

4、Itisaquestionthathaslongpuzzledscientists—exactlywhyaretigersorange?

Onemightthinkitmakesthemmoreobvious-particularlyagainstaleafygreenforestbackground.WilliamBlakesummeditupinhisfamouspoemknownbygenerationsofschoolchildren:

“Tyger,tyger,burningbright/Intheforestofthenight.”Butnowtheanswerisathand.

Whileobvioustous,computersimulations（模拟）ofwhatthebigcatslooktothemainanimalstheyhuntfor,deer,showadifferentpicture.Humanswithnormalcolourvision,canseered,blueandgreencolours.Butdeercanonlypickupblueandgreenlight,theyareeffectivelycolourblindtothecolourred,likesomehumans.Itmeansthetigers’orangecolourationlooksgreentothem,allowingthemtomixperfectlyintothebackground,newresearchclaims.

DrJohnFennellattheUniversityofBristolandcolleaguessaidthattheyusedcomputerstoestimatehownoticeableagivenanimalwas.Theydidthisbyusingimagesoftheenvironmentinwhichtheanimallives,andthencreatingimagestoseewhetherthecamouflagehelpstheanimaltomixin.

DrFennellwritesthatbysimulatingwhattheworldlooksliketoanimalswhoare“two-colourvision”—someonewhocannotdiscoverthedifferencebetweenredandgreen—“wealsoidentifythemostsuitablecoloursforhidingandvisibility”.

DrFennellwritesintheRoyalSocietyJournalInterface:

“Consideringthecoatofatiger,ithasfurthatappearsorangetoathree-colourvisionobserverratherthansomeshadeofgreen,thoughthelattershouldbemoreappropriatecolorforanattackhunterinforests.However,whenviewedasatwo-colourvisionobserver,thetiger’scolourisveryeffective.”

Thequestionthenarisesastowhytigersdon’tgrowgreencoats.DrFennellandcolleagueswritethatmammals（哺乳动物）arenotabletoproducegreenfur.Todosowould“requireasignificantchangetomammalianbiochemistry”.Thereisonlyonemammalknowntohavegreenfurbutthisisachievedthroughwhatmightbecon