精品材料概论复习题doc.docx

精品材料概论复习题doc.docx

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精品材料概论复习题doc

Chapter1

1.Intheterm"MaterialsScienceandengineering99,thewordmaterials

includeandmaterials,“science"relatestotheof

materials,“engineering，'isabout.?

2.Tounderstandthepropertiesofamaterial,oneneedsto

examineofthematerialateithermicroscopicorsubmicroscopic

scale（atomicand/ormicroscopic）.

Composition——technology——stracture——properties——applicationisthelineinmaterialsscienceandengineering.

3.structuralmaterialsinclude,?

,.

4.semiconductorsareatypeofelectronicmaterialswithits

unique,electricalconductivity.

5.Whatarethelevels（orsteps）intheselectionofmaterialsforagivendesign?

1.1

6.Whatarethegeneralcharacteristicsofmetals?

（orwhatarethecharacteristicsthatamaterialisconsideredtobemetallic?

）

7.Wherearethemetalelementslocatedintheperiodictable?

&Variousaluminumpartscanbefabricatedby・Theunusually

highdegreeofforthethesealloysispossiblewithacarefully

controlled,microstructure.

9.Comparethepropertiesofaluminumandaluminumoxide（advantagesanddisadvantages）

10.Whatarethedevelopmentsinceramictechnology?

11.SiO2isthebasisofalargeandcomplexfamilyof,which

includeclaysandclaylikematerials.

12.Thecompositioncharacteristicsofceramics・

13.Explaintheconcept“crystalline^^and“noncrystalline^.

14.Constituentsinwindowglasses.

15.Whatarestepsforgettingglass-ceramics?

16.Stinctureandpropertycharacteristicsofglass-ceramics.

17.Characteristicsoflithiumaluminosicliatecompounds.

18.Whatisthealternativenameforpolymers?

Whatdoplasticsimply?

19.Polymerconsistsof“poly"and"mer".Whatis66mef,?

20.Whataretheelementsforthepolymers?

21.Whatisthepropertythatplasticssharewithmetals?

22.Whatarecharacteristicsofpolymers（advantagesanddisadvantages）?

23.Whataretheprogressof"engineeringpolymers"?

24.Whatarecomposites?

25.Takefiberglassasanexampletoexplainthepropertyofgoodcomposites.

26.Giveexamplesofcompositesandtheirconstituents・

27.Whatissemiconduction?

28.Wherearethesemiconductingelementslocatedintheperiodictable?

Givethenamesofexamples.

29.Giveexamplesofcompoundsemiconductorsandtheirapplications.

1.2

30.Whyaluminumalloysaremoreductilethanmagnesiumalloys?

31.Whycommercialceramicsarenormallynottransparent?

32.Howtogettransparentceramics?

33.Whatistherelationshipbetweenporosityandtransparencyofceramics?

34.Whatistheapplicationoftransparentaluminaceramics?

1.3

35.Theimportanceofmaterialsselection?

36.Comparethecharacteristicsoffourstructuralmaterials.

37.Whatarethefactorsconsideredinselectionasubstitutematerial?

Chapter7Metals

7.1Ferrousalloys

1.WhatarethetwomaincategoriesoffeiTousalloys?

Whatis

differencebetweenthem?

2.Whatarethetypesofsteels?

Howaretheyclassified?

3.Thepropertiesandothercharacteristicsofcarbonandlow-alloysteels.Examplesoftheirapplications.

4.WhatareHDLAsteels?

Whatareimportanttoobtainthesesteels?

5.Whatarethetypesofhigh-alloysteels?

Whataretheirmaincharacteristics?

6.Whystainlesssteelsareresistanttorustingandstaining?

7.Whatarethetypesofstainlesssteels?

Howdotheydifferentiatefromeachother?

&Whatareapplicationsoftoolsteels?

9.Canplain-carbonsteelsalsobeusedastoolsteels?

?

10.Whataretheelementsinnonnalcastirons?

11.Whatarethecharacteristicsofcastirons?

12.Howcastironsareshaped?

13.Whatarethedifferencesbetweencastironsandrelatedwroughtalloys?

14.Whatarethetypesofcastirons?

Whataretheirdifferences?

15.Howtogetamorphousalloys?

Whatisfeatureoftheirmicrostructure?

Howaboutthesuperiorpropertiesofamorphousalloys?

16.Whyamorphousalloysareattractiveforsoft-magnettransformer

cores?

17.Whatarerapidlysolidifiedalloys?

Whatarethedifferencesandcommonfeaturesofamorphousalloysandrapidlysolidifiedalloys?

7.2NonFerrousalloys

1.Characteristicsofaluminumalloys.

2.CharacteristicsofAl-Lialloys.Wherearethealloysused?

3.Whataredifferencesbetweenaluminumandmagnesiumalloys?

4.Whatispassivation?

Howdoesitcontributetothepropertiesoftitanium?

5.Whataretypesofstmcturesoftitaniumalloys?

6.Characteristicsofcopperalloysandtheirapplicationexamples・

7.Characteristicsofnickelalloys.

8.Whatisgalavanizationanditsapplication?

9.Whataretheapplicationofleadalloys?

Whatistheproblemwithapplicationsoflead?

10.whatarerefractoryandpreciousalloys?

7.3Majormechanicproperties

astressversusstrain

1.Whatisthedirectresultofapull-test?

2.Howtogetthestressversusstraincurve?

3.Whatarethetwopartsinthestressversusstraincurve?

Whatarethedifferences?

4.Howtogettheyieldstrengthformstressversusstraincurve?

5.Whataremechanismsofelasticdeformationandplasticdeformation?

6.Whatdoesmoduluselasticity（E）represent?

HowtogetEfromthestressversusstraincurve?

7.Whataretheindexesorparametersobtainedfromthestressversusstraincurve?

8.Whatisspecialforthestressversusstraincurveofthelow-carbonsteel?

9.WhatisPoissionratio?

Howtogetit?

10.Elasticdeformationundershearloadingsandshearmodulus?

bhardness

1.Howtodoahardnesstest?

2.Whatarethedifferentwaystoexpresshardness?

3.Whatisrelationshipbetweenhardnessandstrength?

cimpactenergy

1.Howtomeasureimpactenergy?

2.Whatisrelationshipbetweenimpactenergyandtoughness?

3.Whatistheinfluenceofthenotchontheresultfi'omtheCharpytest?

4.WhatistheinfluenceoftesttemperatureontheresultfromtheCharpytest?

5.Whatisductile-to-brittletransitionoflow-carbonsteels?

Whattheresultofsuchatransition?

Examples?

6.Microstructuralfeaturesofbrittleandductilefailures.

dfracturetoughness

1.Thetermfracturemechanicsmeansthegeneralanalysis

ofofmaterialswithpreexisting.

2.FracturetoughnessisrepresentedbythesymbolKICandisthe

criticalvalueofatanecessarytoproduce

catastrophicfailure.

3.Comparethefracturetoughnessofbrittleandductilematerials.

efatigue

1.Giveexplanationfortheconceptoffatigue.

2.Drawatypicalfatiguecurve.

3.Whatismechanismoffatiguephenomenon?

4.Whatthecharacteristicsofafracturesurfaceinthecaseoffatigue?

5.Whatisfatiguestrength（endurancelimit）?

fcreep

1.Thedefinitionofcreep.

2.Whatarethethreestagesofcreepcurveandthemechanismbehind?

3.HowtheAri'heniusplotisusedinthecreepphenomenon?

4.Thesimplewaytocharacterizethecreepbehavior.

Chapter8

8.1

1.WhySi02-basedsilicatematerailsareabundant?

2.Listexamplesoftraditionalceramics・Whataretheirapplications?

3.ThecompositionsystemofPortlandcement.

4.Whatarerefractories?

Wherecantheybeused?

5.Giveexamplesofadvancedceramics・Whataredifferencesbetweentheadvancedandtraditionalceramics?

6.Giveexamplesofnon-oxideceramicsandth&rapplications.

8.2

7.Inpointviewofrawmaterials,whatissimilaritybetweensilicateglassesandceramics?

8.Whatareoxidesnamedintheglasscomposition?

Whataretheirrolesinglasses?

9.Whatisvitreoussilicaanditsapplication?

10.Whatisborosilicateglass?

Whataretheoxidesareusedtomakeit?

Whataretheirapplications?

11.Thegeneralcompositionandapplicationsofsoda-lime-silicaglasses.

12.Whatareglazesandenamels?

Whatarethesimilarityanddifference?

13.Examplesofnonsilicateglasses.

63

14.Whydoglass-ceramicsbeginasordinaryglasses?

Whatheattreatmentisneeded?

15.Whatarecharacteristicsoftheomicrstmctureofglass-ceramics?

16.Whataretheadvantagesofglass-ceramics?

17.Illustratethecrystallizationofordinaryglassandglassaftercarefullycontrolledheattreatment.

18.Whatareimportanttoobtainglass-ceramicswithfine（small）crystallites?

19.ThethermalpropertiesofLi2O-A12O3-SiO2glassceramics・

64

20.Whatisbrittlefracture?

21.Whatisrelationshipbetweenthetensileandcompressionstrengthofceramics?

Why?

22.Whatismodulusofrapture?

Formwhichtestisitobtained?

23.WhatisGraffithcrackmodel?

（Whyceramicsandglassarebrittle?

）

24.Whatistransformationtoughening?

Illustratethemechanism.

25.Howmicrocracksraisefi^acturetoughness?

26.Whatisstaticfatigue?

Whataretheconditionsforstaticfatigue?

27.Whycreepismorimportantinceramics?

28.Whatfactorsplayimportantrolesinthecreepofceramics?

29.Whatisthermalshock?

30.Whatisrelationshipbetweenthermalshockandcoefficientofthermalexpansion,thermalconductivity?

?

（Howdoesthermalshockfollowthepropertiesofthermalexpansionandthermalconductivity?

）

31・Whatarethefactorsinfluencingthethermalshock?

32.Whataretheuniqueresponsewhenmeasuringthethermalexpansionofaglass?

33.WhatisTg?

WhatisthedifferenceofaglassbelowandaboveitsTg?

34.Drawathermalexpansioncurveandaspecificvolumeversustemperaturecurveofaglass?

35.Whataretherangesintheviscositycurveofasoda-lime-silicaglass?

36.Compai'ethewords:

Viscousbehavior,viscosity,diffusivity,fluidity

37.Howviscousdeformationisusedintemperedglass?

8.5

38.Whatisrefractiveindex?

39.Whatai'ethetypicalvaluesoftherefractiveindexforceramicsandglasses?

Whatdothesevaluesmean?

40.Ifaglasshasahighrefractiveindex,whatwillhappen?

Whatistheapplicationofsuchaglass?

41.Whatisreflectance?

Whatisrelationshipbetweenreflectanceandrefractiveindex?

42.Whatisthedifferencebetweensp