定语从句完整.docx
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定语从句完整
高中定语从句详细讲解
一.定语从句:
修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。
二.先行词:
被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。
一般情况下,定语从句紧跟在先行词之后,定语从句对先行词起修饰限定作用。
三.关系词:
引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词,关系代词有who,whom,that,which,whose和as,关系代词在定语从句中充当主语,宾语,表语或定语,关系副词有when,where和why,在定语从句中充当状语。
四.关系代词:
1.who 指人,在定语从句中作主语,宾语。
The boys who are playing football are from Class One. 正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。
That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。
2.whom 指人,在定语从句中做宾语,常可省略,可用who代替。
Mr Liu is the person ( whom ) you talked about on the bus. 刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。
The man ( whom / who )you met just now is my old friend.
3.Which 指物,在定语从句中做主语或宾语,做宾语时常可省略。
The factory which makes computers is far away from here. 制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。
4.That 指人时,相当于who 或whom;指物时,相当于which.。
在定语从句中作主语或宾语,表语,作宾语时常可省略。
The season that / which comes after spring is summer. 春天以后的季节是夏季。
I received a letter that / which came from Australia. 昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。
5.Whose 通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语。
Whose+n.=the+n.+ofwhich/whom=ofwhich/whomthe+n.来替换
Thatismyclassroomwhosewindows(thewindowsofwhich=ofwhichthewindows)werebroken.那个窗户破了的是我的教室。
Theboywhosefather(thefatherofwhom=ofwhomthefather)isadoctorismyclassmate.他的父亲是个医生的那个男孩是我的同班同学。
注意:
关系代词不管是指人,还是指物,在定语从句中做宾语时可以省略,充当主语不可省。
e.g.①Sheisthegirlwho/thatlivesnextdoor.(作主语)
②Themanwho/whom/thatyoumetjustnowismyoldfriend.(作宾语)
③September18.1931isthedaythat/whichwe’llneverforget.(作宾语)
④Thepicturewhich/thatwasabouttheaccidentwasterrible.(作主语)
⑤Thisisthescientistwhoseson=thesonofwhom=ofwhomthesonisonly5yearsold.(作定语)
⑥Thatboywhoseleg=thelegofwhom=ofwhomthelegwashurtismybrother.(作定语)
(练习):
1.—Howdidyougetintouchwiththetravelagent,Robin?
—Oh,that’seasy.IsurfedtheInternetandthencalledone________thetelephonenumberisprovided.
A.whichB.inwhichC.ofwhichD.whose
2.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.
A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich
3.Theboy______isintroubleneedsourhelp.
A.whichB.whom C.whoseD.who
4.Aperson______e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever
5.Theoldtemple_______roofwasdamagedinstormisnowunderrepair.
A.whereB.whichC.itsD.whose
6.Theboy______isintroubleneedsourhelp.
A.whichB.whom C.whoseD.who
7.Theprizewillgotothewriter_______storyshowsthemostimagination.
A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what
8.Thatistheday______I'llneverforget.
A.whichB.onwhichC.inwhichD.when
9.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.
A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich
10..Itthereanyoneinyourclass______familyisinthecountry?
A.whoB.who'sC.whichD.whose
11.Thecomrade___isspeakingatthemeetingismyteacher.
A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose
12.Theboy______isintroubleneedsourhelp.
A.whichB.whom C.whoseD.who
13.Aperson______e-mailaccountisfullwon’tbeabletosendorreceiveanye-mails.
A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.whoever
14.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses________arebuiltclosetoeachother.
A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that
15.I’vebecomegoodfriendswithseveralofthestudentsinmyschool__________ImetintheEnglishspeechcontestlastyear.
A.whoB.whereC.whenD.which
1-5CADCD6-10DCACD11-15CDCDA
注意:
当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词在人称,数的方面应该与先行词保持一致。
e.g.Hewholaughslastlaughsbest.
Englishisalanguagewhichiseasytolearn.
1.oneof+复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词(用复数)
e.g.Tomisoneoftheboyswhohavepassedtheexam.
Titanicisoneofthemostwonderfulmoviesthatwereplayedallovertheworld.
2.theonlyoneof+复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词(用单数)
e.g.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswhohaspassedtheexam.
(练习):
1.Thisisoneofthebestfilms___A____.
A.thathavebeenshownthisyearB.thathaveshown
C.thathasbeenshownthisyearD.thatyoutalked
2.Thenumberofthepeoplewho___C____cars_______increasing.
A.owns;areB.owns;isC.own;isD.own;are
3.Heisoneoftheboyswhooften_____tothecinema.
A.goB.goesC.hasgoneD.havegone
4.Heistheonlyoneoftheboyswho_____afilmbefore.
A.doesn’tseeB.don’tseeC.hasn’tseenD.haven’tseen
在引导定语从句只用that不用which的情况:
a.当先行词为all,none,much,little,few,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代词时。
Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
b.先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或者当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时。
ThisisoneofthebestfilmsthatIhaveeverseen.
Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.
c.当先行词被thevery,theonly,thelast,thesame,just,,any,,few,little,no,all等修饰时。
ThisisoneoftheverybookthatIamlookingfor.
d.当先行词既指人又指物时。
Hespokeofthemenandthething(that)hehadseenabroad.
e.当先行词是疑问词who,what,which时或者句子以疑问词who,what,which打头时。
Whothathassuchahomedoesn’tloveit?
f.关系代词在从句中作表语。
Maryisnolongerthegirlthatsheusedtobe.
(练习):
1.Who’sthecomrade_______youjustshookhandswith?
2.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschools_______hehadvisited.
3.Heistheonlyman_______Icanfindforthework.
4.Youmustwatchcarefullyeverything_______theteacherdoesinclass.
5.Thisisoneofthemostexcitingfootballgames_______Ihaveeverseen.
6.Thelastplace_______wevisitedinthecountrysidewasafarm.
7.ThefirstEnglishnovel_______IreadwasRobinsonCrusoe.
8.Whenhecamebackfromabroad,Johntoldhisparentsaboutthecitiesandthepeople_______hehadvisited.
9.Isthereanyquestion_______troublesyoumuch?
10.Whoistheman_______isspeakingthere?
11.Sheistheonlyperson_______understandsme.
12.Thisistheverybook_______Iamafter.
13.Heisnottheman_______heusedtobe.
14.Isthereanything_______Icandoforyou,miss?
15.Littlehasbeendone_______ishelpfultoourwork.
16.Nothing_______hedoesisbadlydone.
17.Whichisthebook_______yourfatherboughtfromNewYork?
18.Finally,thethiefhandedeverything_______hehadstolentothepolice.
19.All_______isneededisasupplyofoil.
20.Chinaisnolongerthecountry_______sheusedtobe.
五.介词+关系代词引导定语从句:
指物用:
介词+which,指人用:
介词+who(介词后不可以用that、who)
e.g.IwanttofindthepenwithwhichIwrotetheletter.
TheheadmasteristhepersonfromwhomIgotthecup.
如果介词放在定语从句句尾,which可以用that替换,whom可以用that/who来替换,而且关系代词可以省略。
e.g.Theschoolinwhichheonceworkedisakeyschool.
=Theschool(which/that)heonceworkedinisakeyschool.
Heisamanofrichexperiencefromwhommuchcanbelearned.
=Heisamanofrichexperiencewhom/who/thatmuchcanbelearnedfrom.
介词+关系代词,介词的判定:
①与定语从句的动词构成固定搭配
ThetwothingsofwhichtheyfeltproudwereJim'swatchandDella'shair.
Inthedarkstreettherewasnotasinglepersontowhomshecouldturnforhelp.
ThisisthebookonwhichIspentsixyuan.
forwhichIpaidsixyuan.
fromwhichIlearnalot.
inwhichthereareafewnewwords.
aboutwhichTomoftentalks.
②根据与先行词的搭配关系选择。
I'llneverforgetthedayonwhichIfirstmethim.
我永远忘不了我第一次遇见他的那一天。
(theday前面一般用介词on)
Canyouimagineapropersituationinwhichtheexpressioncanbeused?
你能设想一个使用这个词语的场合吗?
(asituation前面一般用in)
③有时须同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。
Isthatthehouseinwhichyouoncelived
那就是你曾经住过的房子吗?
(Liveinthehouse)
④用介词of(表示所属,表示整体与部分的关系都用of)
e.g.Pleasepassmethebookthecoverofwhichisblue.
请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。
(也可用whosecover)
She'sgotthreeluckypenstwoofwhichsheneveruses.
⑤根据所要表达的意思来确定。
ThisismypairofglasseswithoutwhichIcannotseeclearly.
这是我的眼镜,离了它我什么也看不清。
(练习):
1.Theoldmanhastwosons,___arelawyers.
A.bothofthemB.bothofwhoC.bothofwhomD.bothofthey
2.Heisamanofgreatknowledge,___muchcanbelearned.
A.inwhomB.aboutwhomC.fromwhomD.ofwhom
3.Pleasepassmethedictionary___coverisblack.
A.whichB.itsC.whoseD.whichof
4.Thebuses,____werealreadyfull,weresurroundedbyanangrycrowd.
A.mostofthemB.mostofwhichC.whichmostD.thatmost
5.Hepaidtheboy10dollarsforwashingtenwindows,mostof___hadnotbeencleanedforyears.
A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which
6.Theprofessorhastwosons,___areteachinginthesameuniversity.
A.neitherofthemB.eitherofthemC.bothofthemD.bothofwhom
7.Oxygenisakindofgas,___wecouldn’tlive.
A.withoutitB.withoutthatC.withoutwhichD.ifnot
8.Hisparentswouldn’tlethimmarryanyone___familywaspoor.
AofwhomB.whomC.ofwhoseD.whose
9.Thatistheoffice___Lincolnonceworkedin.
A.whereB.whichC.whatD.inwhich
10.Thosearemodelworkers,some___areyoungfellows.
A.ofthatB.ofwhomC.ofwhoD.ofwhose
11.TheScienceBuildingisverybeautiful,behind___thereisanorchard.
A.whichB.whatC.thisD.these
12.Mike,withhelpLilylearnedtorideabike,isakind-heartedboy.
A.whoseB.whatC.whichD.these
1-5CCCBD6-10DCDBB11-12AA
六.Theway做先行词的用法:
当定语从句不完整的时候(缺主语或宾语):
用that/which来引导,作宾语时可以省略;当定语从句完整时:
可以用that/inwhich,而且通常可以省略。
e.g.Theway(that/which)heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.
The way (that / in which ) he answered the questions was surprising. 他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。
I don’t like the way (that / in which) you laugh at her. 我不喜欢你冲她的样子。
(练习):
Thelazyboyisexpectingaway______hecangetthroughtheexamswithouthardwork.
A.that B.inthat C.which D.where
七.关系副词引导定语从句:
定语从句中的关系副词有三个:
when,where和why,它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语,可以用介词+which来替换。
其句法结构如下:
1.表时间的名词+when+定语从句,when指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
e.g.IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.=IstillrememberthedayonwhichIfirstcametoBeijing.
2. 表地点的名词+where+定语从句,where指地点,在定语从句中作地