定语从句完整.docx

1、定语从句完整高中定语从句详细讲解一 定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。二 先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。一般情况下，定语从句紧跟在先行词之后，定语从句对先行词起修饰限定作用。三 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词， 分为关系代词和关系副词，关系代词有who, whom, that, which, whose 和as,关系代词在定语从句中充当主语，宾语，表语或定语，关系副词有when, where 和why，在定语从句中充当状语。四 关系代词：1. who指人，在定语从句中作主语，宾语。Theboyswhoareplayingfootbal

2、larefromClassOne.正在踢足球的男孩是一班的。Thatistheteacherwhoteachesusphysics. 那就是教我们物理的老师。 2. whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略，可用who代替。MrLiuistheperson(whom)youtalkedaboutonthebus.刘先生就是你们在公共汽车上谈论的那个人。Theman(whom/who)youmetjustnowismyoldfriend.3. Which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。Thefactorywhichmakescomputersisfarawayfromhere

3、.制造计算机的那家公司离这儿很远。4. That指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，表语，作宾语时常可省略。Theseasonthat/whichcomesafterspringissummer.春天以后的季节是夏季。Ireceivedaletterthat/whichcamefromAustralia.昨天我收到了一封来自澳大利亚的信。5. Whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语。Whose + n.= the +n. + of which/ whom= of which/ whom the +n.来替换That is my cla

4、ssroom whose windows ( the windows of which= of which the windows) were broken.那个窗户破了的是我的教室。The boy whose father ( the father of whom= of whom the father) is a doctor is my classmate.他的父亲是个医生的那个男孩是我的同班同学。注意：关系代词不管是指人，还是指物，在定语从句中做宾语时可以省略， 充当主语不可省。e.g. She is the girl who/ that lives next door.(作主语) T

5、he man who/ whom/ that you met just now is my old friend.(作宾语) September 18.1931 is the day that/ which well never forget.(作宾语) The picture which/ that was about the accident was terrible.(作主语) This is the scientist whose son= the son of whom= of whom the son is only 5 years old.(作定语) That boy whose

6、 leg= the leg of whom= of whom the leg was hurt is my brother. (作定语)（练习）：1. How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?Oh, thats easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one _ the telephone number is provided.A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose2. The place _ interested me most wa

7、s the Childrens Palace.A. Which B. where C. what D. in which3. The boy _ is in trouble needs our help. A. which B. whom C. whose D. who 4. A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails. A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever 5. The old temple _ roof was damaged in storm i

8、s now under repair. A. where B. which C. its D. whose6. The boy _ is in trouble needs our help. A. which B. whom C. whose D. who 7. The prize will go to the writer _ story shows the most imagination. Athat Bwhich Cwhose Dwhat8. That is the day _Ill never forget.A. which B. on which C. in which D. wh

9、en9. The factory _well visit next week is not far from here.A. where B. to which C. which D. in which10. .It there anyone in your class _family is in the country?A. who B. whos C. which D. whose11. The comrade _is speaking at the meeting is my teacher .A. whom B. which C. who D. whose12. The boy _ i

10、s in trouble needs our help. A. which B. whom C. whose D. who 13. A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails. A. who B. whom C. whose D. whoever 14. The old town has narrow streets and small houses _are built close to each other. Athey Bwhere Cwhat Dthat15. Ive bec

11、ome good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C. when D. which 1-5 CADCD 6-10DCACD 11-15 CDCDA注意：当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词在人称，数的方面应该与先行词保持一致。e.g. He who laughs last laughs best. English is a language which is easy to learn

12、. 1. one of +复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词（用复数）e.g. Tom is one of the boys who have passed the exam. Titanic is one of the most wonderful movies that were played all over the world.2. the only one of+ 复数名词+关系代词+谓语动词（用单数）e.g. Tom is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.（练习）：1. This is one of the bes

13、t films _A_.A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked2. The number of the people who _C_ cars _ increasing.A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 3. He is one of the boys who often _ to the cinema. A. go B. goes C. has gone D. ha

14、ve gone4. He is the only one of the boys who _a film before. A. doesnt see B. dont see C. hasnt seen D. havent seen在引导定语从句只用that不用which的情况：a.当先行词为 all, none, much, little, few, something, anything, everything, nothing 等不定代词时。All that can be done has been done. b. 先行词是序数词、形容词最高级 或者 当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰

15、时。 This is one of the best films that I have ever seen.This is the best that can be done now. c. 当先行词被 the very, the only, the last, the same , just, , any, , few , little , no , all 等修饰时。 This is one of the very book that I am looking for. d. 当先行词既指人又指物时。 He spoke of the men and the thing (that) he

16、 had seen abroad. e. 当先行词是疑问词 who, what, which 时或者句子以疑问词 who , what , which 打头时。 Who that has such a home doesnt love it? f. 关系代词在从句中作表语。 Mary is no longer the girl that she used to be.(练习)：1. Whos the comrade _ you just shook hands with?2. He talked about the teachers and schools _ he had visited.3

17、. He is the only man _ I can find for the work.4. You must watch carefully everything _ the teacher does in class.5. This is one of the most exciting football games _ I have ever seen.6. The last place _ we visited in the countryside was a farm.7. The first English novel _ I read was Robinson Crusoe

18、.8. When he came back from abroad, John told his parents about the cities and the people _ he had visited.9. Is there any question _ troubles you much?10. Who is the man _ is speaking there?11. She is the only person _ understands me.12. This is the very book _ I am after.13. He is not the man _ he

19、used to be.14. Is there anything _ I can do for you, miss?15. Little has been done _ is helpful to our work.16. Nothing _ he does is badly done.17. Which is the book _ your father bought from New York?18. Finally, the thief handed everything _ he had stolen to the police.19. All _ is needed is a sup

20、ply of oil.20. China is no longer the country _ she used to be.五介词+关系代词引导定语从句：指物用：介词+which,指人用：介词+ who(介词后不可以用 that、who)e.g. I want to find the pen with which I wrote the letter. The headmaster is the person from whom I got the cup.如果介词放在定语从句句尾，which可以用that替换，whom可以用that/ who来替换，而且关系代词可以省略。e.g. The

21、school in which he once worked is a key school. =The school (which /that) he once worked in is a key school.He is a man of rich experience from whom much can be learned. = He is a man of rich experience whom/ who/ that much can be learned from.介词+关系代词，介词的判定：与定语从句的动词构成固定搭配The two things of which they

22、 felt proud were Jims watch and Dellas hair.In the dark street there was not a single person to whom she could turn for help.This is the book on which I spent six yuan. for which I paid six yuan. from which I learn a lot. in which there are a few new words. about which Tom often talks.根据与先行词的搭配关系选择。

23、Ill never forget the day on which I first met him. 我永远忘不了我第一次遇见他的那一天。(the day前面一般用介词on) Can you imagine a proper situation in which the expression can be used? 你能设想一个使用这个词语的场合吗？(a situation前面一般用in)有时须同时考虑动词和介词的搭配关系及介词和名词的搭配关系。 Is that the house in which you once lived 那就是你曾经住过的房子吗？(Live in the house

24、)用介词of （表示所属，表示整体与部分的关系都用of）e.g. Please pass me the book the cover of which is blue. 请把那本蓝封面的书递给我。（也可用whose cover）Shes got three lucky pens two of which she never uses.根据所要表达的意思来确定。 This is my pair of glasses without which I cannot see clearly. 这是我的眼镜，离了它我什么也看不清。（练习）：1. The old man has two sons, _ar

25、e lawyers.A. both of them B. both of who C. both of whom D. both of they2. He is a man of great knowledge, _much can be learned.A. in whom B. about whom C. from whom D. of whom3.Please pass me the dictionary _cover is black.A. which B. its C. whose D. which of4.The buses,_were already full, were sur

26、rounded by an angry crowd.A. most of them B. most of which C. which most D. that most5.He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows, most of_ had not been cleaned for years.A. these B. those C. that D. which6. The professor has two sons, _are teaching in the same university.A. neither of them

27、B. either of them C. both of them D. both of whom 7.Oxygen is a kind of gas, _we couldnt live.A. without it B. without that C. without which D. if not8.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone _family was poor.A of whom B. whom C. of whose D. whose9.That is the office _ Lincoln once worked in.A. whe

28、re B. which C. what D. in which10.Those are model workers, some _ are young fellows.A. of that B. of whom C. of who D. of whose11.The Science Building is very beautiful, behind_ there is an orchard.A. which B. what C. this D. these12.Mike, with help Lily learned to ride a bike, is a kind-hearted boy

29、.A. whose B. what C. which D. these1-5 CCCBD 6-10DCDBB 11-12AA六The way做先行词的用法：当定语从句不完整的时候（缺主语或宾语）：用that/ which来引导，作宾语时可以省略; 当定语从句完整时：可以用that/ in which,而且通常可以省略。e.g. The way (that/ which) he explained to us was quite simple.Theway(that/inwhich)heansweredthequestionswassurprising.他回答这些问题的方式令人惊奇。Idontl

30、iketheway(that/inwhich)youlaughather.我不喜欢你冲她的样子。（练习）：The lazy boy is expecting a way _ he can get through the exams without hard work.A. thatB. in thatC. whichD. where七关系副词引导定语从句：定语从句中的关系副词有三个：when, where和why，它们在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语，可以用介词+ which来替换。其句法结构如下：1. 表时间的名词 + when + 定语从句，when指时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。e.g. I still remember the day when I first came to Beijing. =I still remember the day on which I first came to Beijing.2. 表地点的名词 + where + 定语从句, where指地点，在定语从句中作地