中西方餐桌礼仪与文化的对比与研究.docx

中西方餐桌礼仪与文化的对比与研究.docx

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中西方餐桌礼仪与文化的对比与研究

天津工业大学毕业论文

中西方国家的餐桌礼仪与文化的对比分析

（申请文学学士学位>

院别：

外国语学院

专业：

英语

学生：

王静楠

指导教师：

王彤

职称：

讲师

天津工业大学外国语学院

2018年6月

AcontrastiveAnalysisofTableMannersandCulturebetweenChinaandWesternCountries

AThesisPresentedinPartialFulfillment

oftheRequirementsfor

theDegreeofBachelorofArts

WangJingnan

UndertheSupervisionof

WangTong

ForeignLanguagesCollege

TianjinPolytechnicUniversity

June2018

Contents

Acknowledgementsii

Abstractiii

Introduction1

Chapter1ComparisonoftheDifferentPerformanceofTableMannersbetweenChineseandWesterncountries2

1.1TheDifferentSeatingArrangement2

1.2TheDifferentDinnerAtmosphere3

1.3TheDifferentDinnerEtiquette4

Chapter2GeneralViewofBrandandBrandNames5

2.1TheDifferentDrinkingEtiquette5

2.2TheDifferentDrinkingPurpose6

Chapter3ComparisonofDifferentDietaryCulturebetweenChinaandWesternCounties7

Conclusion9

WorksCited10

Acknowledgements

Iwouldliketoexpressmygratitudetoallthosewhohelpedmewiththisthesis.Ireallyappreciateandthankforthehelpofmysupervisor,MsWang,withoutherhelpandvaluableinstructionsIcanhardlycompletethisthesis.Shepatientlyreadeverysentenceofmyhumblearticleandgaveinspiringadvicetome.NotonlyshouldIthankforherkindassistance,alsoandmoreimportantlyIshouldlearnherdiligentandhardworkingattitude.IalsowanttogivemyspecialthankstoalltheprofessorsinForeignLanguageCollege,whohavetaughtmepreciousacademicknowledgeandusefulskills,soIcansuccessfullycompletethispaper.Allinall,IwouldlovetosaythatskyisthelimittoallthegratitudeIwanttoshowtoallthegenerousandkindpeopleswhohavebeenhelpingandsupportingmewithoutanycomplaints.

Abstract

Withtheconstantdevelopmentofglobaleconomy,therelationbetweenChinaandWesterncountriesisgettingmoreandmorecloselyconnectedregardingtopolitics,economyandculture.Thereisnodoubtthatetiquetteplaysanimportantrole.Andthediningtableisoneofthemostimportantplaceswheregoodmannersaredisplayed.ButgreatdifferencestillexistsbetweenChinaandWesterntablemanners,becauseofthedifferencesinculture,history,customsandnationalcharacter.Peopletendtoshowtheirbestsidestoothersandavoidculturalconflicts.MoreattentionshouldbepaidonthedifferencebetweenChinaWesterntablemanners.Butalsotheycancommunicatewithotherefficiently.Notonlycanpeopleshowthattheyarewell-educatedwiththeknowledgeofthecustomsanddecentandelegantbehaviorinabanquet,butalsocantheyefficientlyandsmoothlycommunicatewithothers.Whendiningwithforeigners,peoplewillavoidconflictswithrichknowledgeofthedifferencebetweenChineseandWesterntablemanners.GreatdifferenceexistsbetweenChinaandWesterncountriesintablemanners.TheresearchofthedifferencebetweenChineseandWesterntablemannerswillhelppeopletolearnlanguagecultureandimprovetheabilityofcommunicationincross-culturepractice.

Keywords:

Tablemanners。

tableculture。

ChinaandtheWest

摘要

随着经济全球化的不断发展，中国和西方国家在政治，经济和文化方面的关系变得越来越密切。

毫无疑问的是礼仪起着非常重要的作用。

而餐桌又是展示礼仪最重要的地方之一。

但由于文化，历史，风俗习惯和民族性格的不同，中西方餐桌礼仪有很多的差异。

在沟通的过程中，为了避免冲突，人们将展示他们最好的一面。

每一个人都应该更加重视中西方餐桌礼仪的差异。

人们应该了解一些必要的风俗习惯，注意行为举止要得体而优雅，在展示人们高素质的同时也能够促进人们之间的有效沟通。

了解中西方餐桌礼仪的差异可以使我们在于外宾用餐时避免出现文化冲突。

研究中西方餐桌礼仪差异可以帮助人们在学习语言文化的同时改善跨文化的沟通能力。

关键词：

餐桌礼仪；餐桌文化；中西方

Introduction

Withtheconstantdevelopmentofglobaleconomy,therelationbetweenChinaandWesterncountriesisgettingmoreandmorecloselyconnectedregardingtopolitics,economyandculture.ButgreatdifferencestillexistsbetweenChinaandWesterntablemanners,becauseofthedifferencesinculture,history,customsandnationalcharacter.TablemannersreflectthedifferencesbetweenChinaandwesterncountrieswhetheronseating,diningatmosphere,drinkingetiquette,drinkingpurposeordietculture.Asculturediffersamongdifferentcountries,thethinkingmodelisclearlydifferentbetweenChinaandWesterncountries.TheWesternwouldbeinclinedtologicandanalyze,buttheEastisemphasizeone’sintuition.ThedifferenttablemannerbetweenChinaandWesternisanimportantpartofthedifferencesbetweenChinaandWesterninculture.Animalhusbandrycultureandseacultureisthewesterntraditionalculture,butChinesetraditionalcultureisfarmingculture.Twodifferentculturesreflectdifferentlife-styles.Knowingthedifferencespeoplecaneasilyunderstandthecultureofeachother.Confrontingthedifferences,peopleshallfullyunderstandandrespecttheirhabitsandculture,andshouldrememberthateverycultureisequalandthereisnoonepriortotheother.Thuswecandecentlycommunicatewitheachother.OnlyrecognizingculturaldifferencesbetweenChinaandwesterncountriesandmakingareasonableandeffectiveintegration,canweestablishasocialculturaletiquettesystemofcontemporaryChinaandreachtheidealharmonioussociety.

Chapter1ComparisonoftheDifferentPerformanceofTableMannersbetweenChineseandWesterncountries

Humandietiscloselyrelatedtothelivingenvironment.“Whattoeat?

”isconnectedtothelivingenvironment,butthematterof“Howtoeat?

”suchascooking,tablewareandaseriesoftablemannerscanreflectthedifferentsociallifestyles.Inmodernsociety,etiquetteiseverywhere.Inadditiontotheprofessionaletiquetteindailylife,mostpeopleoftenignorethedinneretiquette.Actuallyhavingdinnersatisfiespeople’sphysiologicalneeds,aswellasenrichestheirsocialexperience.TablemannersareveryimportantforuswhichoccupyaveryimportantpositioninChineselifestyle.Understandingthedifferentrequirementsinetiquettecannotonlyhelpthemavoidbeingrudetoothers,butalsomakethembehaveelegantlyatthetable.

1.1TheDifferentSeatingArrangement

AccordingtoChinesetablemanners,thearrangementofseatsembodieshonor.Theseatsarearrangedaccordingtohis/herageorsocialstanding.ThereisaancientChinesecustomof“Takingtherightforupper”,whichmeansthattherightseatisjustforthemostrespectfulpeopleforthedistinguishedguestorfortheeldestmemberofafamily.Nowadays,peopleareinfluencedbythistraditionwhentheychooseseatsinameetingorothersocialactivities—taketherightforuppers.IntheChinesebanquets,peopleprefertochooseroundtable.Theaged,whoareconsideredtobedistinguishedguests,sitsintheupperseatwhilethehostwillsitnexttothem.Theagedguestswillsitinsequence.Butiftherearetwoormorethantwotablesinarestaurantorinahall,themaintablewillbetakenbothbythehostandhostess.Thesocialstatusofthesepeopledecideshowfartheysitfromthemaintables.Moreimportantpeoplesitnearertothemaintable,whichisstandardized.Thestatusofthosepeoplewhoseatattherighttableishigherthanthosewhoseatattheleft.Sometimesthemaintableisinthecenterofthehall.

Forexample,ifthereisonetableinarestaurantorinahall,peopleusuallysitaccordingtothispicture.Andthenumbermeansthestatusoftheseat.

1

23

78

910

65

4

Door

Accordingtothewesterntablemanners,thehostesswillmakeaspeechofwelcomewhenthetableissetandfoodisprepared,thehostwillguidetheguststotheirseatsinturn.Onsomeoccasions,thecardswiththelastnamesoftheguestswillbeputonthetableexceptwhentherearemorethanonguestswiththesamesurname.Underthesituation“Mr.DavidWhite”and“Mr.JimmyWhite”willbeprintonthecardtomakethedistinction.Iftherearenoseatingcards,thehostesswillshowthegueststhecorrectseats.“Inthewesterncountries,peoplewillchoosealongtableinabanquet.Meanwhilerightissupposedtobehonorandlefttobelowstatus.Thehostandhostesssittogetherinthemiddleoftheguestswiththegentlemensitnearthehostandtheladiesnearthehostess,otherswillfollowthesequence.Incasualparties,ladiesalwaysgofirst.Menshouldalwayssitontheleftwithwomenontherightawayfromthepassagewaywhendiningtogether.Andthemanshallletthewomansitinside.Twocoupleseatingtogether,ladiesshallsitagainstthewallinfrontoftheirhusbands.Twomenandawomaneattogether,themenshallaskthewomantositinthemiddle.Twopeopledinetogether,theoldersitsinsideofthetablewellasmenshouldhelptheladiesmovethechairsandsitaftertheladies.”

1.2TheDifferentDinnerAtmosphere

ThebiggestdifferenceofdiningatmospherebetweenChineseandwesterncountriesisthatChinesesoundmorenoisybutwesternerstendtobequieter.Whensittingatatable,mostChinesearevoluble,caringandattentive,theylikepickingfoodmutually,advisingdishesforeachother,toastingandenjoyingdeliciousfood.Onlylivelyatmospherecanreflectmaster’senthusiasmandsincerity.Inchina,sittingatatabletogethermeansreunion,theywilltalktogether,andifyoudon’ttalkwithyourneighborswillbeconsideredimpolite.Althoughitisnotagoodwayfromtheperspectiveofhealth,itconformstoChinesepeople’sgeneralstateofmind-happy.Itisabetterwayforcommunication.Butbecarefultospeakorbehavewithproprietyandetiquetteandavoidmentioningthingsaboutother’sprivacyorsomethingshallow,vulgarorsometopicsthatotherguestsarenotinterestedin.

Ofcourse,westernersalsotalkwithothersatthetable,andtheyshouldcontrolthevoicesoasnottoaffectotherpeople.Buttheydon’ttalktomuchpersonalproblems,becausetheythinkthatitisimpolite.Westernersalwaysconcentrateoncuttingthefoodontheplateattablequietly.Everyone’s