新课标高考英语重点语法范例归总十三类.docx

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新课标高考英语重点语法范例归总十三类.docx

新课标高考英语重点语法范例归总十三类

新课标高考英语重点语法范例

第一周派生词

在新课标全国卷的语法填空题中,有涉及单词的形式变化的题目。

此外,新考纲要求考生掌握3000多个英语单词。

因此,掌握常用派生词的构词方法不仅能帮助同学们做好语法填空题,还能帮助同学们扩大词汇量,为同学们在高考中稳操胜券奠定基础。

一、名词后缀

1.动词+ion/tion /sion→名词(表示动作或动作过程)

correctv.改正;纠正ﻩcorrection n.改正

celebratev.庆祝 celebration n.庆祝;庆祝会

concludev.完成;结束conclusionn.结论;结束

2.动词+er/or→名词(表示从事某种职业或进行某种活动的人)

drivev.驾驶开车;驱赶 ﻩdrivern.司机;驾驶员

gatherv.聚集;采集ﻩgatherern.收集者;采集者

conductv.指挥;管理conductorn.指挥;售票员

3.动词+ment→名词

punish v.惩罚 ﻩpunishment n.惩罚

4.动词/形容词+th→名词

warmadj.温暖的 warmthn.温暖

growv.生长growth n.生长

5.形容词+y→名词

difficultadj.困难的difficultyn.困难

honestadj.诚实的honestyn.诚实

6.形容词+ness→名词

kindadj.善良的ﻩkindnessn.善良

7.动词 +ance→名词

annoyvt.使烦恼ﻩannoyancen.生气;烦恼

8.ship结尾的名词(表示身份;关系;资格)

membern.成员;会员 membership n.会员资格

professorn.教授professorshipn.教授身份

9.ing结尾的名词

gardenn.花园gardening n.园艺

greetv.打招呼;问候greetings n.问候

[针对训练]

语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)

A

From the 1.expression (express)on Mary’sface, heknew he leftabad2.impression (impress)onherand ifshewonthe3.election (elect)tobecomechairmanoftheEnvironment 4.Organization (organize),  hecouldnotgether 5.permission(permit)tojoinitalthoughhe waswillingto dohisbittorid theworldof6.pollution(pollute) and to helppeopleenjoy abetterearth.Whenhe waswonderinghowtochangethis embarrassingsituation,hegot7.inspiration (inspire)fromhiswife’swords.Yes, heshouldtryhis bestto wintheelection and becomechairmanhimselfwithhis8.determination(determine)to workfor theorganization.“Mydear, youarereally awonderful9.helper(help)!

I’m sure Iwillbethe10.winner (win)of the election.”Hesaidtohiswifeexcitedly.

ItwasreallyahardtimewhenLiPingfirst came totheUnitedStates.His1.earnings(earn)could hardlycovertheexpenses,so when his wifegave2.birth (bear)totheirseconddaughter,they couldnot afford enoughnutrition food.Soon,poornutrition causedthe 3.death(die)ofthepoorbaby.4.Loneliness(lonely)was anotherproblembecausetheyhadno5.relations (relate)orfriendsthere.Thanksto his6.bravery(brave)and 7.perseverance(persevere),hemanaged to gainthe 8.citizenship (citizen)ofthe UnitedStatesand intheendhe had hispermanent9.settlement(settle).He alwaystellshis children likethis:

Perseveranceleadsto 10.happiness(happy) andsuccess.

二、形容词后缀

1.常见形容词后缀

(1)名词+al→形容词(表示“有……属性”,“与……有关”)

agriculturen.农业 ﻩagriculturaladj.农业的

(2)动词+ive→形容词

decidev.决定;下决心decisiveadj.决定性的;关键的

(3)动词+able→形容词(表示“能够”,“适于”,“值得”)

changev.变化;兑换

changeableadj.易变的;变化无常的

(4)名词+ful→形容词

care n.小心;关心carefuladj.小心的;仔细的

(5)名词+less→形容词(意思与原名词相反)

caren. 小心;关心ﻩcareless adj.粗心的

(6)名词+ly→形容词

friendn.朋友 friendlyadj.友好的

(7)名词+y→形容词

dirtn.污物;脏物dirtyadj.脏的

(8)名词+ous→形容词 

dangern.危险ﻩdangerous adj.危险的

2.复合形容词的构成

(1)形容词+ing分词easygoing随和的

(2)形容词+名词+edkindhearted善良的;好心的

(3)名词+ed分词 ﻩwatercovered被水覆盖的

(4)副词+ed分词wellwritten写得好的

(5)数词+名词+edthreelegged 三条腿的

[针对训练]

Ⅰ.阅读下列句子,写出画线单词的意思

1.It feelslikeanunbelievable stroke ofluck—of fate,really.(2012·四川高考阅读C)

( )

2.Thegoodworkingconditionin thiscityisattractive.(  )

3.Youcanrely onhim becauseheisreliable.( )

4.Herwordsstruck fearintoherheartsothatshewassleepless all nightlong, afraid ofbeingkilledunexpectedlysomeday.( )

5.It wasafrostycoldmorning whenhesetofffortheremotevillage.( )

答案:

1.不可思议的;难以置信的 2.吸引人的 3.可依赖的;靠得住的 4.没有睡觉的;不眠的5.有霜的

Ⅱ.语篇填空

A:

用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文

Lucylikes talkingandeverybody saysshe is municative(communicate).Sheis2.active(act)inansweringtheteachers’ questionsandfrom time totimeherclassmatesfindheranswersquite3.impressive (impress) and4.acceptable(accept).Of course,notevery studentlikesher,butshehas manyfriendswhothinkLucyisa5.creative (create)and6.helpful(help) girl.Forexample,she onceleda7.homeless(home)childtoherhomeandmadethechildheryoungersister.Besides, shespent8.countless(count) hourscaring fora sickneighboruntil shewas well again.Sheis9.friendly(friend)tothose who havedifficultywiththeir subjects.Allinall,Lucyisthe most10.famous(fame) girl inher school.

B:

运用所学构词知识完成下列短文

Ourjourneywasfarreaching amongstsnowcovered/capped(雪封的)mountainswherenoEnglishspeaking(说英语的)peoplelive.The localpeoplearegoodlooking  (相貌好看的), easygoing (随和的) andhardworking(勤劳的).Our hostesswasoldaged(年老的),whitehaired(白发苍苍的)andsunburnt(被太阳晒伤的).Shegavemehomemade (自家做的) yaks milkcake,looking selfsatisfied(自足的)asI enjoyedthisraretreatalthoughverywellknown(著名)andwidespread(广泛流传)aroundhere.Iwasexhausted when Ifell intothereadymade(准备好了的)bedshepreparedfor me.

三、动词词缀

1.前缀en+形容词→动词

enrichv.丰富ﻩenlarge v.变大;增大;扩大

2.形容词+en→动词

shortenv.缩短ﻩwidenv.加宽

3.fy结尾的动词

simplifyv.简化ﻩclassifyv.归类

4.ize结尾的动词

realize v.认识到ﻩpopularizev.普及

[针对训练]

Ⅰ.阅读下列句子, 写出画线部分的意思

1.Extracurricularactivities enablethe studentstoknow howtoapplythe knowledgelearnedin thetextbooks.(   )

2.The twocountries aretryingtheirbest tonormalize_their_relationship.(    )

3.Somethinkthat studyingabroadcan broaden_their_horizons.(    )

4.You willhorrifythebabyifyouspeaktooloudly.( )

答案:

1.使能够 2.使关系正常化3.拓宽视野4.使惊惧

Ⅱ.用所给单词的适当形式填空

1.Try yourbesttomemorize(memory)these new words.

2.Thequestionmustbesimplified(simple)sothat wecanfind outa solution toit.

3.Itcosts alot ofmoneyif weplan to purify(pure)thewastewater.

4.Hequickened(quick)hisstepstoarrivehome earlier.

5.You canenlarge(large)yourvocabularyifyoukeepon memorizingsome newwords everyday.

四、否定词缀

1.表示否定意义的前缀

un不,非 unable不能够 unlucky  不幸的

dis不,非dishonest不诚实的 discontinuous不连贯的

in不,非 inactive不活跃的incorrect 不正确的

im 不,非impatient不耐烦的 impossible不可能的

ir 不,非 irregular不规则的 irresponsible不负责任的

il不,非illogical 不合逻辑的illegal非法的

non 不,非 nonexistent不存在的nonstop直达的;连续不断的

mis错误mislead误导 misunderstand 误解

dis+动词(意义相反) dislike不喜欢 disagree不同意

un+动词(意义相反)uncover揭开undress脱衣服

2.表示否定意义的后缀

名词+less→否定意义的形容词

use n. 用处;用途 ﻩuseless adj.无用的

hopen.希望ﻩhopelessadj.没有希望的;绝望的

homen.家ﻩhomelessadj.无家可归的

[针对训练]

Ⅰ.阅读下列短文,写出画线单词的意思

A 1.misconceptionwasthatthehightemperaturecaused thebigfire.However,MissWangknewitwas notthetruestory.Soshe insisted thatthegovernmentshouldmakethe truthknowntothe public.WhenMissWangknewthatherappealwas 2.disallowed,_shefeltrather3.disappointed.She decidedto 4.disclosethe truth:

itwashumanerrorsthatweretoblame fortheterribledisaster.Shewantedto tellthepublicaboutthe coldnessofsomeofficials.Shebelieved thatthetruthmust be5.uncovered now.

1.____________2.____________ 3.____________

4.____________5.____________

答案:

1.错误观念 2.驳回;不准许3.失望的;沮丧的

4.揭露5.揭露;揭发

Ⅱ.语篇填空(用所给单词的适当形式完成下列短文)

Thespeech seemedtobe1.nonstop(stop)andthelistenersbecamevery2.impatient_(patient).Whenthespeakersaidthatoilwas3.nonrenewable (renew)and thatthebestwaytosolvetheproblemwasnot tomakecarsandbusestoforcepeopletogo to workor schoolonfoot,theaudiencethoughtit was4.impractical_ (practice) and5.unbearable_(bear)tolistentohimanylonger.They6.disbelieved_ (believe)thattheworld would gosmoothlywithoutthesemoderntransportations.Theyalsothoughtthatthespeakerwas7.irresponsible(responsible)to make such astatement without thinkingitcarefully and hisspeechwouldcausesome8.misunderstandings(understand).Somostofthelistenerschosetoleave,shouting loudlyand angrily.

五、正确使用派生词

1.动词、介词、冠词、物主代词等词类后一般接名词或动名词。

如果所给单词是其他词类,就要将其改为名词,并注意名词数的变化。

(1)Do youknowthe depth(deep)oftheriver?

(2)Hiscarelessness(careful)resulted intheterribleaccident.

(3)He isoneofthescientists(science)whosupportthistheory.

2.动词、介词后一般接名词或动名词。

所给单词为动词,就要看该动词是否有名词形式。

如果有名词形式,就用其名词形式。

如果该动词没有名词形式,就用其动名词形式。

此外,如果所给动词有名词形式,就要看其后有无宾语。

如果后有宾语,用动名词形式;后无宾语,则用名词形式。

(1)Pleasepayattention(attend)toyourhandwriting.

动词attend本身有名词形式attention,所以不用动名词attending。

(2)His arrival(arrive)madethesituationworse.

动词arrive本身有名词形式arrival,所以不用动名词arriving。

(3)Theteacherwasangry at my coming(come)late.

动词come没有名词,所以用动名词coming。

(4)Thankyouforyourhelp (help).

Thankyouforhelping(help)me.

(5)Iwashappybecauseofhisappreciation(appreciate).

I washappy becauseofhis appreciating(appreciate)myspeech.

上面两组句子中,helping与appreciating后都带有宾语,故用动名词。

help与appreciation后没有宾语,故用名词形式。

3.动词前后、形容词前后可有副词。

如果所需词为副词时,还要考虑副词级的变化。

(1)Theboy ran quickly(quick)toschool.

(2)“What’sthat?

” Father shoutedangrily (angry).

(3)Thelittlegirlisextremely(extreme) eagerto knowtheresultoftheexam.

(4)Your compositionisbadly (bad)organized.Pleasedoyour writingexercisemore attentively(attend) next time.

(5)You’re drivingtoofast.Can you drivea bitmoreslowly(slow)?

4.名词前面一般可有形容词修饰语。

如果所需词为形容词时,还要考虑形容词级的变化。

(1) What’sthewidest(width)river intheworld?

(2)The stronger(strength)webecome, the more modest weshouldbe.

[针对训练]

Ⅰ.用所给单词的适当形式填空

1.Mary wasverysadat the news, so shelooked sadly atherhusband,her eyesfullofsadness.(sad)

2.Heplayedfootballvery well andhe wasoneofthebestplayersinyesterday’sfootball match.(play)

3.Look!

HowhappilyKateislaughing!

Sheseemstobethehappiest girlinthe world.(happy)

4.To oursatisfaction,_theheadmasterwasverysatisfiedwith ourreport.(satisfy)

5.Edisonwasagreatinventor.During hislife hehadmanyinventions.(invent)

6.Ishouldsimplify mytaskandmakeitsimpler/simple to finishit.(simple)

7.The boy havingtheappearanceof beinghalf starveddisappeared,_never tobeseenagain.(appear)

8.The policediscoveredthepotanduncoveredaplot against thePresident.(cove

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