职称英语考试理工类A真题及答案解析.docx

职称英语考试理工类A真题及答案解析.docx

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职称英语考试理工类A真题及答案解析

第一部分：

词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）

下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1.Iwillnottoleratethatsortofbehaviorinmyclass.

A.control

B.observe

C.regulate 

D.accept

答案：

D

2.Sheshowedanaturalaptitudeforthework.

A.sense

B.talent

C.flavor

D.taste

答案：

B

3.Mostpeoplefindrejectionhardtoaccept.

A.excuse

B.client

C.refusal

D.destiny

答案：

C

4.Theorganizationwasboldenoughtofacethepress.

A.pleased

B.powerful

C.brave

D.sensible

答案：

C

5.Theywerelockedinmortalcombat.

A.deadly

B.open

C.actual

D.active

答案：

A

6.Wewereattractedbythelureofquickmoney.

A.amount

B.supply

C.tempt

D.sum

答案：

C

7.Theprocedureswereperceivedascomplexandlesstransparent.

A.clear

B.necessary

C.special

D.correct

答案：

A

8.TheStockExchangeisinturmoilfollowingahugewaveofselling.

A.Service

B.danger

C.disorder

D.threat 

答案：

C

9.HebelievesthatEuropemustchangeoritwillperish.

A.survive

B.last

C.die

D.move

答案：

C

10.Therewasasimultaneoustrialtakingplaceinthenextbuild.

A.fair

B.full

C.coexisting

D.public

答案：

C

11.Theypromoteassimilationofethnicgroupsintothemain-streamculture.

A.policy

B.value

C．equality

D.integration

答案：

D

12.Asalesman’scardinalruleistosatisfycustomers.

A.principal

B.official

C.simple

D.legal

答案：

A

13.Imustcomplimentyouonyourhandlingofaverydifficultsituation

A.silence

B.praise

C.assure

D.complain

答案：

B

14.Welivedforyearsinaperpetualstateoffear

A.emotional

B.nervous

C.terrible

D.Continuous

答案：

D

15.Thestarvingchildrenwereapatheticsight.

A.common

B.unexpected

C.unforgettable

D.Pitiful

答案：

D

第二部分：

阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）

下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：

如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

LackofOxygenDelayedtheRiseofAnimalsonEarth

Scientistshavelongspeculatedastowhyanimalspeciesdidn’tflourishsooner,oncesufficientoxygencoveredtheEarth’ssurface.AnimalsbegantoprosperattheendoftheProterozoicperiod,about800millionyearsago—butwhataboutthebillion-yearstretchbeforethat,whenmostresearchersthinktherealsowasplentyofoxygen?

Well,itseemstheairwasn’tsogreatthen,afterall.

InastudypublishedOct.31inScience,YaleresearcherNoahPlanavskyandhiscolleaguesfoundthatoxygenlevelsduringthe“boringbillion”periodwereonly0.1%ofwhattheyaretoday.Inotherwords,Earth’satmospherecouldn’thavesupportedadiversityofcreatures,nomatterwhatgeneticadvancementswerepoisedtooccur.

“Thereisnoquestionthatgeneticandecologicalinnovationmustultimatelybebehindtheriseofanimals,butitisequallyunavoidablethatanimalsneedacertainlevelofoxygen,”saidPlanavsky,co-leadauthoroftheresearchalongwithChristopherReinhardoftheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology.“We’reprovidingthefirstevidencethatoxygenlevelswerelowenoughduringthisperiodtopotentiallypreventtheriseofanimals.”

Thescientistsfoundtheirevidencebyanalyzingchromium（Cr）isotopesinancientsedimentsfromChina,Australia,Canada,andtheUnitedStates.ChromiumisfoundintheEarth’scontinentalcrust,andchromiumoxidationisdirectlylinkedtothepresenceoffreeoxygenintheatmosphere.

Specifically,theteamstudiedsamplesdepositedinshallow,iron-richoceanareas,neartheshore.Theycomparedtheirdatawithothersamplestakenfromyoungerlocalesknowntohavehigherlevelsofoxygen.

Oxygen’sroleincontrollingthefirstappearanceofanimalshaslongvexedscientists.“Weweremissingtherightapproachuntilnow,”Planavskysaid.“Chromiumgaveustheproxy.”Previousestimatesputtheoxygenlevelat40%oftoday’sconditionsduringpre-animaltimes,leavingopenthepossibilitythatoxygenwasalreadyplentifulenoughtosupportanimallife.

Inthenewstudy,theresearchersacknowledgedthatoxygenlevelswere“highlydynamic”intheearlyatmosphere,withthepotentialforoccasionalspikes.However,theysaid,“Itseemsclearthatthereisafirst-orderdifferenceinthenatureofEarthsurfaceCrcycling”beforeandaftertheriseofanimals.

“Ifweareright,ourresultswillreallychangehowpeopleviewtheoriginsofanimalsandothercomplexlife,andtheirrelationshipstotheco-evolvingenvironment,”saidco-authorTimLyonsoftheUniversityofCalifornia-Riverside.“Thiscouldbeagamechanger.”

“There’salotofinterestrightnowinabroaderdiscussionsurroundingtherolethatenvironmentalstabilityplayedintheevolutionofcomplexlife,andwethinkourresultsareasignificantcontributiontothat,”Reinhardsaid.

16.ThestudydiscoveredtheriseofanimalsoccurredearlierthantheProterozoicperiod.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

答案：

B

17.Manyresearchersbelievetheoxygenlevelwashighduringpre-animaltimes.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned 

答案：

A

18.Theteamwasfundedbyseveralresearchinstitutes.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned 

答案：

C

19.Geneticadvancementstriggeredtheriseofanimals.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned 

答案：

B

20.Thesamplesstudiedintheresearchwerecollectedinoceanareas.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned 

答案：

A

21.ThestudyrevealedthatchromiumfoundinEarth’scontinentalcrustremainedstablebeforeandaftertheriseofanimals.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned 

答案：

B

22.TimLyonslikedtoplaycomputergamesinhissparetime.

A.Right

B.Wrong

C.Notmentioned

答案：

C

第三部分：

概括大意与完成句子（第23—30题，每题1分，共8分）

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：

（1）第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2～5段每段选择1个最佳标题；

（2）第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

FirstImage-recognitionSoftware

1.DartmouthresearchersandtheircolleagueshavecreatedanartificialintelligencesoftwarethatusesphotostolocatedocumentsontheInternetwithfargreateraccuracythaneverbefore. 

2.Thenewsystem,whichwastestedonphotosandisnowbeingappliedtovideos,showsforthefirsttimethatamachinelearningalgorithm（运算法则）forimagerecognitionandretrievalisaccurateandefficientenoughtoimprovelarge-scaledocumentsearchesonline.Thesystemusespixel（像素）datainimagesandpotentiallyvideo—ratherthanjusttext—tolocatedocuments.Itlearnstorecognizethepixelsassociatedwithasearchphrasebystudyingtheresultsfromtext-basedimagesearchengines.Theknowledgegleaned（收集）fromthoseresultscanthenbeappliedtootherphotoswithouttagsorcaptions（图片说明）,makingformoreaccuratedocumentsearchresults.

3."Overthelast30years,"saysAssociateProfessorLorenzoTorresani,aco-authorofthestudy,"theWebhasevolvedfromasmallcollectionofmostlytextdocumentstoamodern,massive,fast-growingmultimediadataset,wherenearlyeverypageincludesmultiplepicturesorvideos.WhenapersonlooksataWebpage,heimmediatelygetsthegist（主旨）ofitbylookingatthepicturesinit.Yet,surprisingly,allexistingpopularsearchengines,suchasGoogleorBing,stripawaytheinformationcontainedinthephotosanduseexclusivelythetextofWebpagestoperformthedocumentretrieval.Ourstudyisthefirsttoshowthatmodernmachinevisionsystemsareaccurateandefficientenoughtomakeeffectiveuseoftheinformationcontainedinimagepixelstoimprovedocumentsearch."

4.Theresearchersdesignedandtestedamachinevisionsystem—atypeofartificialintelligencethatallowscomputerstolearnwithoutbeingexplicitlyprogrammed—thatextractssemantic（语义的）informationfromthepixelsofphotosinWebpages.ThisinformationisusedtoenrichthedescriptionoftheHTMLpageusedbysearchenginesfordocumentretrieval.Theresearcherstestedtheirapproachusingmorethan600searchqueries（查询）onadatabaseof50millionWebpages.Theyselectedthetext-retrievalsearchenginewiththebestperformanceandmodifiedittomakeuseoftheadditionalsemanticinformationextractedbytheirmethodfromthepicturesoftheWebpages.Theyfoundthatthisproduceda30percentimprovementinprecisionovertheoriginalsearchenginepurelybasedontext.

23.Paragraph1_____F_______

24.Paragraph2_____A______

25.Paragraph3_____D_____

26.Paragraph4____B_____

A.Functionofthenewsystem

B.Improvementindocumentretrieval

C.Publicationofthenewdiscovery

D.Problemsoftheexistingsearchengines

E.Popularityofthenewsystem

F.Artificialintelligencesoftwarecreated

27.Thenewsystemdoesdocumentretrievalby________A_______.

28.Thenewsystemisexpectedtoimproveprecisionin_____D______.

29.Whenperformingdocumentretrievaltheexistingsearchenginesignore_______E______.

30.Thenewsystemwasfoundmoreeffectiveindocumentsearchthanthe_______C______.

A.usingphotos

B.descriptionoftheHTMLpage

C.currentpopularsearchengines

D.documentsearch

E.informationinimages

F.machinevisionsystems

第四部分：

阅读理解

（第31—45题，每题3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。

请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。

第一篇FaceMasksMayNotProtectfromSuper-Flu

IFasuper-flustrikes,facemasksmaynotprotectyou.Whetherwidespreaduseofmaskswillhelp,orharm,duringthenextworldwidefluoutbreakisaquestionthatresearchersarestudyingfuriously.Noresultshavecomefromtheirmaskresearchyet.However,thegovernmentsayspeopleshouldconsiderwearingthemincertainsituationsanyway,justincase.

Butit’saquestionthepublickeepsaskingwhilethegovernmentaremakingpreparationsforthenextflupandemi

C.SotheCentersforDiseaseControlandPrevention（CDC）cameupwithpreliminaryguidelines.“Wedon’twantpeoplewearingthemeverywhere,”saidtheCD

C.“Theoverallrecommendationreallyistoavoidexposure.”

Whenthat’snotpossible,theguidelinessaytoconsiderwearingasimplesurgicalmaskifyo