职称英语考试理工类A真题及答案解析.docx

1、职称英语考试理工类A真题及答案解析第一部分：词汇选项（第115题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1. I will not tolerate that sort of behavior in my class.A. controlB. observeC. regulateD. accept答案：D2. She showed a natural aptitude for the work.A. senseB. talentC. flavorD. taste答案：B3. Most people find rejection

2、 hard to accept.A. excuseB. clientC. refusalD. destiny答案：C4. The organization was bold enough to face the press.A. pleasedB. powerfulC. braveD. sensible答案：C5. They were locked in mortal combat.A. deadlyB. openC. actualD. active答案：A6. We were attracted by the lure of quick money.A. amountB. supplyC.

3、temptD. sum答案：C7. The procedures were perceived as complex and less transparent.A. clearB. necessaryC. specialD. correct答案：A8. The Stock Exchange is in turmoil following a huge wave of selling.A. ServiceB. dangerC. disorderD. threat答案：C9. He believes that Europe must change or it will perish.A. surv

4、iveB. lastC. dieD. move答案：C10. There was a simultaneous trial taking place in the next build.A. fairB. fullC .coexistingD. public答案：C11. They promote assimilation of ethnic groups into the main-stream culture.A. policyB. valueCequalityD. integration答案：D12. A salesmans cardinal rule is to satisfy cus

5、tomers.A. principalB. officialC. simpleD. legal答案：A13. I must compliment you on your handling of a very difficult situationA. silenceB. praiseC .assureD. complain答案：B14. We lived for years in a perpetual state of fearA. emotionalB. nervousC. terribleD. Continuous答案：D15. The starving children were a

6、pathetic sight.A. commonB. unexpectedC. unforgettableD. Pitiful答案：D第二部分：阅读判断（第1622题，每题1分，共7分）下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Lack of Oxygen Delayed the Rise of Animals on EarthScientists have long speculated as to why animal species didnt flouri

7、sh sooner, once sufficient oxygen covered the Earths surface. Animals began to prosper at the end of the Proterozoic period, about 800 million years ago but what about the billion-year stretch before that, when most researchers think there also was plenty of oxygen?Well, it seems the air wasnt so gr

8、eat then, after all.In a study published Oct. 31 in Science, Yale researcher Noah Planavsky and his colleagues found that oxygen levels during the “boring billion” period were only 0.1% of what they are today. In other words, Earths atmosphere couldnt have supported a diversity of creatures, no matt

9、er what genetic advancements were poised to occur.“There is no question that genetic and ecological innovation must ultimately be behind the rise of animals, but it is equally unavoidable that animals need a certain level of oxygen,” said Planavsky, co-lead author of the research along with Christop

10、her Reinhard of the Georgia Institute of Technology. “Were providing the first evidence that oxygen levels were low enough during this period to potentially prevent the rise of animals.”The scientists found their evidence by analyzing chromium (Cr) isotopes in ancient sediments from China, Australia

11、, Canada, and the United States. Chromium is found in the Earths continental crust, and chromium oxidation is directly linked to the presence of free oxygen in the atmosphere.Specifically, the team studied samples deposited in shallow, iron-rich ocean areas, near the shore. They compared their data

12、with other samples taken from younger locales known to have higher levels of oxygen.Oxygens role in controlling the first appearance of animals has long vexed scientists. “We were missing the right approach until now,” Planavsky said. “Chromium gave us the proxy.” Previous estimates put the oxygen l

13、evel at 40% of todays conditions during pre-animal times, leaving open the possibility that oxygen was already plentiful enough to support animal life.In the new study, the researchers acknowledged that oxygen levels were “highly dynamic” in the early atmosphere, with the potential for occasional sp

14、ikes. However, they said, “It seems clear that there is a first-order difference in the nature of Earth surface Cr cycling” before and after the rise of animals.“If we are right, our results will really change how people view the origins of animals and other complex life, and their relationships to

15、the co-evolving environment,” said co-author Tim Lyons of the University of California-Riverside. “This could be a game changer.”“Theres a lot of interest right now in a broader discussion surrounding the role that environmental stability played in the evolution of complex life, and we think our res

16、ults are a significant contribution to that,” Reinhard said.16. The study discovered the rise of animals occurred earlier than the Proterozoic period.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：B17. Many researchers believe the oxygen level was high during pre-animal times.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：

17、A18. The team was funded by several research institutes.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：C19. Genetic advancements triggered the rise of animals.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：B20. The samples studied in the research were collected in ocean areas.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：A21. The stu

18、dy revealed that chromium found in Earths continental crust remained stable before and after the rise of animals.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：B22. Tim Lyons liked to play computer games in his spare time.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned答案：C第三部分：概括大意与完成句子（第2330题，每题1分，共8分）下面的短文后有2项测试任务：（1）第2326题

19、要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳标题；（2）第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。First Image-recognition Software1.Dartmouth researchers and their colleagues have created an artificial intelligence software that uses photos to locate documents on the Internet with far greater accuracy than ever before.2.The new system,

20、 which was tested on photos and is now being applied to videos, shows for the first time that a machine learning algorithm (运算法则) for image recognition and retrieval is accurate and efficient enough to improve large-scale document searches online. The system uses pixel (像素) data in images and potent

21、ially video rather than just text to locate documents. It learns to recognize the pixels associated with a search phrase by studying the results from text-based image search engines. The knowledge gleaned (收集) from those results can then be applied to other photos without tags or captions (图片说明), ma

22、king for more accurate document search results.3.Over the last 30 years, says Associate Professor Lorenzo Torresani, a co-author of the study, the Web has evolved from a small collection of mostly text documents to a modern, massive, fast-growing multimedia data set, where nearly every page includes

23、 multiple pictures or videos. When a person looks at a Web page, he immediately gets the gist (主旨) of it by looking at the pictures in it. Yet, surprisingly, all existing popular search engines, such as Google or Bing, strip away the information contained in the photos and use exclusively the text o

24、f Web pages to perform the document retrieval. Our study is the first to show that modern machine vision systems are accurate and efficient enough to make effective use of the information contained in image pixels to improve document search.4.The researchers designed and tested a machine vision syst

25、em a type of artificial intelligence that allows computers to learn without being explicitly programmed that extracts semantic (语义的) information from the pixels of photos in Web pages. This information is used to enrich the description of the HTML page used by search engines for document retrieval.

26、The researchers tested their approach using more than 600 search queries (查询)on a database of 50 million Web pages. They selected the text-retrieval search engine with the best performance and modified it to make use of the additional semantic information extracted by their method from the pictures

27、of the Web pages. They found that this produced a 30 percent improvement in precision over the original search engine purely based on text.23. Paragraph 1_F_24. Paragraph 2_A_25. Paragraph 3_D_26. Paragraph 4_B_A. Function of the new systemB. Improvement in document retrievalC. Publication of the ne

28、w discoveryD. Problems of the existing search enginesE. Popularity of the new systemF. Artificial intelligence software created27. The new system does document retrieval by _A_.28. The new system is expected to improve precision in _D_.29. When performing document retrieval the existing search engin

29、es ignore _E_.30. The new system was found more effective in document search than the _C_.A. using photosB. description of the HTML pageC. current popular search enginesD. document searchE. information in imagesF. machine vision systems第四部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项

30、。第一篇 Face Masks May Not Protect from Super-FluIF a super-flu strikes, face masks may not protect you. Whether widespread use of masks will help, or harm, during the next worldwide flu outbreak is a question that researchers are studying furiously. No results have come from their mask research yet. H

31、owever, the government says people should consider wearing them in certain situations anyway, just in case.But its a question the public keeps asking while the government are making preparations for the next flu pandemiC. So the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) came up with preliminary guidelines. “We dont want people wearing them everywhere,” said the CDC. “The overall recommendation really is to avoid exposure.”When thats not possible, the guidelines say to consider wearing a simple surgical mask if yo