英语.docx

英语.docx

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英语

　　1.越来越多的人涌入大城市，有些问题随之产生

　　2.比较明显的大问题有……

　　3.我对这种现象的想法

　　CityProblems

AA　　ScientistsWeighOptionsforRebuildingNewOrleans

　　Asexpertsponderhowbesttorebuildthedevastated（毁坏）city,onequestioniswhethertowalloff—orworkwith—thewater.

　　EvenbeforethedeathtollfromHurricaneKatrinaistallied,scientistsarecautiouslybeginningtodiscussthefutureofNewOrleans.FewseemtodoubtthatthisvitalheartofU.S.commerceandculturewillberestored,butexactlyhowtorebuildthecityanditsdefensestoavoidarepeatcatastropheisanopenquestion.PlansforimprovingitsleveesandrestoringthebarrierofwetlandsaroundNewOrleanshavebeenonthetablesince1998,butfederaldollarsneededtoimplementthemneverarrived.Afterthetragedy,that'sboundtochange,saysJohnDay,anecologistatLouisianaStateUniversity（LSU）inBatonRouge.Andifthereisanupsidetothedisaster,hesays,it'sthat'nowwe'vegotacleanslatetostartfrom."

　　ManyarelookingforguidancetotheNetherlands,acountrythat,justlikebowl-shapedNewOrleans,sitsmostlybelowsealevel,keepingthewateratbaywithaconstructionofamazingscaleandcomplexity.Others,pointingtoVenice'slong-standingadaptations,sayit'sbesttoletwaterflowthroughthecity,depositingsedimenttooffsetgeologicsubsidence—amodelthatwouldrequirearadicalrethinkingofarchitecture.Anotherideaistoletnaturehelpbyrestoringthewetlandbuffersbetweenseaandcity.

　　Butbeforetheoptionscanbeweighed,severalunknownswillhavetobeaddressed.Oneispreciselyhowthecurrentdefensesfailed.Toanswerthat,LSUcoastalscientistsPaulKempandHassanMashriquiarepickingtheirwaythroughthedestroyedcityandsurroundingregion,reconstructingthesizeofwatersurgesbymeasuringtelltalemarksleftonthesidesofbuildingsandhighwaystructures.TheyarefeedingthesedataintoasimulationofthewindandwateraroundNewOrleansduringitsordeal.

　　"Wecan'tsayforsureuntilthisjobisdone,"saysDay,"buttheemergingpictureisexactlywhatwe'vepredictedforyears."Namely,severalcanals—includingtheMRGO,whichwasbuilttospeedshippinginthe1960s—havethecombinedeffectoffunnelingsurgesfromtheGulfofMexicorighttothecity'seasternleveesandthelakesystemtothenorth.Thosesurgesaretoblamefortheflooding."Oneofthefirstthingswe'llseedoneisthecompletebackfillingoftheMRGOcanal,"predictsDay,"whichcouldtakeacoupleofyears."

　　Thelevees,whichhavebeenprovisionallyrepaired,willbeshoredupfurtherinthemonthstocome,althoughtheirlong-termfateisunclear.Betterleveeswouldprobablyhavepreventedmostofthefloodinginthecitycenter.Toprovidefurtherprotection,amobiledamsystem,muchlikeastormsurgebarrierintheNetherlands,couldbeusedtocloseoffthemouthofLakePontchartrain.Butmostexpertsagreethattheseareshort-termfixes.

　　ThebasicproblemforNewOrleansandtheLouisianacoastlineisthattheentireMississippiRiverdeltaissubsidinganderoding,plungingthecitydeeperbelowsealevelandremovingathickcushionofwetlandsthatoncebufferedthecoastlinefromwindandwaves.Partofthesubsidenceisgeologicandunavoidable,butthereststemsfromtheleveesthathavehemmedintheMississippiallthewaytoitsmouthfornearlyacenturytopreventfloodsandfacilitateshipping.Asaresult,riversedimentisnolongerspreadacrossthedeltabutdumpedintotheGulfofMexico.Withoutaconstantstreamoffreshsediment,thebarrierislandsandmarshesaredisappearingrapidly,withaquarter,roughlythesizeofRhodeIsland,alreadygone.

　　Afteryearsofpoliticalwrangling,abroadgrouppulledtogetherbytheLouisianagovernmentin1998proposedamassive$14billionplantosavetheLouisianacoasts,calledCoast2050（nowmodifiedintoaplancalledtheLouisianaCoastalAreaproject）.Wetlandrestorationwasakeycomponent."It'soneofthebestandcheapesthurricanedefenses,"saysDay,whochaireditsscientificadvisorycommittee.

　　Althoughtheplanwasnevergivenmorethantokenfunding,ateamledbyDayhasbeenconductingapilotstudysince2000,divertingpartoftheMississippiintothewetlandsdownstreamofthecity."Theresultsareasgoodaswecouldhavehoped,"hesays,withlandlevelsrisingatabout1centimeterperyear—enoughtooffsetrisingsealevels,saysDay.

　　Evenifthewetlandswererestoredandnewleveeswerebuilt,thecombinationofgeologicsubsidenceandrisingsealevelswilllikelysinkNewOrleansanothermeterby2100.Theproblemmightbesolvedbyanotherambitiousplan,saysRoelBoumans,acoastalscientistattheUniversityofVermontinBurlingtonwhodidhisph.D.atLSU:

shoringupthelowestlandwithaslurryofsedimentpipedinfromtheriver.Themajorityofthebuildingsinthefloodedareaswillhavetoberazedanyway,hesays,"sowhynottakethisopportunitytofixtherootoftheproblem?

"TherivercoulddepositenoughsedimenttoraisethebottomoftheNewOrleansbowltosealevel"in50to60years,"heestimates.Inthemeantime,peoplecouldliveintheseareasVenice-style,withbuildingsbuiltonstilts.Boumanseventakesitastepfurther:

"Youwouldhavetoraiseeverythingabout30centimetersonceevery30years,sowhynotmakethejobeasierbymakinghousesthatcanfloat."

　　Whetherthatistechnicallyorpoliticallyfeasible—Day,forone,callsit"notlikely"—remainstobeseen,especiallybecauseuntilnow,thepoorestresidentslivedinthelowestpartsofthecity.Anydecisiononhowbesttoprotectthecityinthefuturewillbetiedtohowmanypeoplewilllivethere,andwhere."theremaybealargecontingentofresidentsandbusinesseswhochoosenottoreturn,"saysBillGood,anenvironmentalscientistatLSUandmanageroftheLouisianaGeologicalSurvey'sCoastalProcessessection.Itisalsonotyetclearhowdecisionsaboutthereconstructionwillbemade,saysGood,"Sincethereisnoprecedentofcomparablemagnitude."Everylevelofgovernmentissuretobeinvolved,and"theprocessislikelytobeadhoc."

　　Evenwiththeinevitableminglingofscienceandpolitics,westillhave"auniquechancetobackoutofsomebaddecisions,"saysGood,whogrewupinNewOrleans."Ihopethatwedon'tletthisonce-in-historyopportunityslipthroughourfingersintherushtorebuildthecity:

"

　　1.ThepassagegivesageneraldescriptionofthesuggestionstoreconstructNewOrleansafterHurricaneKatrina.

　　2.TwoexamplestodealwithwaterareNetherlandsandVenice.

　　3.Thecanalshavenothingtodowiththeflooding.

　　4.Theleveeswillbeshoredupfurtherwithclearlong-termfate.

　　5.ThebasicproblemforNewOrleansisthesubsidenceofMississippiRiverdelta.

　　6.ThekeycomponentofCoast2050iswetlandrestoration.

　　7.TheplanofCoast2050willgetbillionsoffederalfunding.

　　8.NewOrleanswilllikelysink________________by2100.

　　9.Anotherambitiousplanistoshoringupthelowestlandwithaslurryofsediment________________.

　　10.Howdecisionsaboutthereconstructionwillbemadeisalso________________.

　　Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Blueistheworld'sfavoritecolor.Itisalsothecolormostoften47withintellectandauthority.

　　Mostuniformsareblue.InGreekandRomanmythology,blueisthecolorofskygods.IntheOldTestament,Godis48bydeepblue.Blueandturquoise（青绿色）arerepresentedbytheIslamicreligion.Itisthe49colorinthemosquesoftheworld.

　　Bluesymbolizestruth,peaceandcooperation.ItisthecoloroftheflagoftheUnitedNationsandofEurope.Asthecoolestcolorofthespectrum,itisthehuemostlikelytohavearecedingeffect.Asintheskiesandwaterthat50us,blueisseenasapeacefuland51color.Bluelighthasseento52bloodpressurebycalmingthenervoussystemhencerelaxingthebodyandmind.Bluecreateslargeairyspaces.Itmakesroomsbigger.

　　Thewrongshadeofbluecanbeuncomfortable.Itcanalsobecoldandsterile（枯燥的）unless53withwarmercolors.

Lightandsoftbluemakesusfeelquietandprotectedfromthebustle（喧闹）and54oftheday.Bluebedroomsarerestful.Bluebathroomsareappropriatelywatery.Blue55depthwithgreensandreds.Darkbluerepresentsthenightmakinguscalm.Itsapparentlycalmingeffectmakesittheperfecttoneforthequieter56ofyourlivingspace.

[A]represented[I]activity　[B]engage[J]zones　[C]refreshing[K]foolish

　　[D]surround[L]line　[E]curved[M]acquires　[F]dominant[N]associated　[G]lower[O]rash　[H]balanced

　　SectionB

　　Directions:

Thereare2passagesinthesection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C],and[D].YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.

　　PassageOne

　　Question57to61arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

　　Mostshoplifters（商店扒手）agreethattheJanuarysalesofferwonderfulopportunitiesforthehard-workingthief.Withtheshopssocrowdedandthestaffsobusy,itdoesnotrequireanyextraordinarytalenttohelpyoutotakeoneortwolittlethingsandescapeunnoticed.Itisknown,inthebusiness,as"hoisting".

　　Butthehoistinggameisnotwhatitusedtobe.Evenattheheightofthesales,shoplifterstodayneverknowiftheyarebeingwatchedbyoneofthoseevillittleballsthathangfromtheceilingsofsomanydepartmentstoresabovethemostdesirablegoods.

　　Asifthatwasnottroubleenoughforthem,theycannowbefilmedatworkandobligedtoattendashowingoftheirperformanceincourt