英语.docx

1、英语1. 越来越多的人涌入大城市，有些问题随之产生2. 比较明显的大问题有3. 我对这种现象的想法City ProblemsAAScientists Weigh Options for Rebuilding New OrleansAs experts ponder how best to rebuild the devastated (毁坏)city, one question is whether to wall offor work withthe water.Even before the death toll from Hurricane Katrina is tallied, sci

2、entists are cautiously beginning to discuss the future of New Orleans. Few seem to doubt that this vital heart of U.S. commerce and culture will be restored, but exactly how to rebuild the city and its defenses to avoid a repeat catastrophe is an open question. Plans for improving its levees and res

3、toring the barrier of wetlands around New Orleans have been on the table since 1998, but federal dollars needed to implement them never arrived. After the tragedy, thats bound to change, says John Day, an ecologist at Louisiana State University (LSU) in Baton Rouge. And if there is an upside to the

4、disaster, he says, its that now weve got a clean slate to start from.Many are looking for guidance to the Netherlands, a country that, just like bowl-shaped New Orleans, sits mostly below sea level, keeping the water at bay with a construction of amazing scale and complexity. Others, pointing to Ven

5、ices long-standing adaptations, say its best to let water flow through the city, depositing sediment to offset geologic subsidencea model that would require a radical rethinking of architecture. Another idea is to let nature help by restoring the wetland buffers between sea and city.But before the o

6、ptions can be weighed, several unknowns will have to be addressed. One is precisely how the current defenses failed. To answer that, LSU coastal scientists Paul Kemp and Hassan Mashriqui are picking their way through the destroyed city and surrounding region, reconstructing the size of water surges

7、by measuring telltale marks left on the sides of buildings and highway structures. They are feeding these data into a simulation of the wind and water around New Orleans during its ordeal.We cant say for sure until this job is done, says Day, but the emerging picture is exactly what weve predicted f

8、or years. Namely, several canalsincluding the MRGO, which was built to speed shipping in the 1960shave the combined effect of funneling surges from the Gulf of Mexico right to the citys eastern levees and the lake system to the north. Those surges are to blame for the flooding. One of the first thin

9、gs well see done is the complete backfilling of the MRGO canal, predicts Day, which could take a couple of years.The levees, which have been provisionally repaired, will be shored up further in the months to come, although their long-term fate is unclear. Better levees would probably have prevented

10、most of the flooding in the city center. To provide further protection, a mobile dam system, much like a storm surge barrier in the Netherlands, could be used to close off the mouth of Lake Pontchartrain. But most experts agree that these are short-term fixes.The basic problem for New Orleans and th

11、e Louisiana coastline is that the entire Mississippi River delta is subsiding and eroding, plunging the city deeper below sea level and removing a thick cushion of wetlands that once buffered the coastline from wind and waves. Part of the subsidence is geologic and unavoidable, but the rest stems fr

12、om the levees that have hemmed in the Mississippi all the way to its mouth for nearly a century to prevent floods and facilitate shipping. As a result, river sediment is no longer spread across the delta but dumped into the Gulf of Mexico. Without a constant stream of fresh sediment, the barrier isl

13、ands and marshes are disappearing rapidly, with a quarter, roughly the size of Rhode Island, already gone.After years of political wrangling, a broad group pulled together by the Louisiana government in 1998 proposed a massive $14 billion plan to save the Louisiana coasts, called Coast 2050 (now mod

14、ified into a plan called the Louisiana Coastal Area project). Wetland restoration was a key component. Its one of the best and cheapest hurricane defenses, says Day, who chaired its scientific advisory committee.Although the plan was never given more than token funding, a team led by Day has been co

15、nducting a pilot study since 2000, diverting part of the Mississippi into the wetlands downstream of the city. The results are as good as we could have hoped, he says, with land levels rising at about 1 centimeter per yearenough to offset rising sea levels, says Day.Even if the wetlands were restore

16、d and new levees were built, the combination of geologic subsidence and rising sea levels will likely sink New Orleans another meter by 2100. The problem might be solved by another ambitious plan, says Roel Boumans, a coastal scientist at the University of Vermont in Burlington who did his ph.D. at

17、LSU: shoring up the lowest land with a slurry of sediment piped in from the river. The majority of the buildings in the flooded areas will have to be razed anyway, he says, so why not take this opportunity to fix the root of the problem? The river could deposit enough sediment to raise the bottom of

18、 the New Orleans bowl to sea level in 50 to 60 years, he estimates. In the meantime, people could live in these areas Venice-style, with buildings built on stilts. Boumans even takes it a step further: You would have to raise everything about 30 centimeters once every 30 years, so why not make the j

19、ob easier by making houses that can float.Whether that is technically or politically feasibleDay, for one, calls it not likely remains to be seen, especially because until now, the poorest residents lived in the lowest parts of the city. Any decision on how best to protect the city in the future wil

20、l be tied to how many people will live there, and where. there may be a large contingent of residents and businesses who choose not to return, says Bill Good, an environmental scientist at LSU and manager of the Louisiana Geological Surveys Coastal Processes section. It is also not yet clear how dec

21、isions about the reconstruction will be made, says Good, Since there is no precedent of comparable magnitude. Every level of government is sure to be involved, and the process is likely to be ad hoc.Even with the inevitable mingling of science and politics, we still have a unique chance to back out

22、of some bad decisions, says Good, who grew up in New Orleans. I hope that we dont let this once-in-history opportunity slip through our fingers in the rush to rebuild the city:1. The passage gives a general description of the suggestions to reconstruct New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina.2. Two exam

23、ples to deal with water are Netherlands and Venice.3. The canals have nothing to do with the flooding.4. The levees will be shored up further with clear long-term fate.5. The basic problem for New Orleans is the subsidence of Mississippi River delta.6. The key component of Coast 2050 is wetland rest

24、oration.7. The plan of Coast 2050 will get billions of federal funding.8. New Orleans will likely sink _ by 2100.9. Another ambitious plan is to shoring up the lowest land with a slurry of sediment _.10. How decisions about the reconstruction will be made is also _. Questions 47 to 56 are based on t

25、he following passage.Blue is the worlds favorite color. It is also the color most often 47 with intellect and authority.Most uniforms are blue. In Greek and Roman mythology, blue is the color of sky gods. In the Old Testament, God is 48 by deep blue. Blue and turquoise (青绿色)are represented by the Is

26、lamic religion. It is the 49 color in the mosques of the world.Blue symbolizes truth, peace and cooperation. It is the color of the flag of the United Nations and of Europe. As the coolest color of the spectrum, it is the hue most likely to have a receding effect. As in the skies and water that 50 u

27、s, blue is seen as a peaceful and 51 color. Blue light has seen to 52 blood pressure by calming the nervous system hence relaxing the body and mind. Blue creates large airy spaces. It makes rooms bigger.The wrong shade of blue can be uncomfortable. It can also be cold and sterile(枯燥的)unless 53 with

28、warmer colors.Light and soft blue makes us feel quiet and protected from the bustle(喧闹)and 54 of the day. Blue bedrooms are restful. Blue bath rooms are appropriately watery. Blue 55 depth with greens and reds. Dark blue represents the night making us calm. Its apparently calming effect makes it the

29、 perfect tone for the quieter 56 of your living space.A represented I activityB engage J zonesC refreshing K foolishD surround L lineE curved M acquiresF dominant N associatedGlower O rashH balancedSection BDirections: There are 2 passages in the section. Each passage is followed by some questions o

30、r unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestion 57 to 61 are based on the following passage.Most shoplifters (商店扒

31、手)agree that the January sales offer wonderful opportunities for the hard-working thief. With the shops so crowded and the staff so busy, it does not require any extraordinary talent to help you to take one or two little things and escape unnoticed. It is known, in the business, as hoisting.But the

32、hoisting game is not what it used to be. Even at the height of the sales, shoplifters today never know if they are being watched by one of those evil little balls that hang from the ceilings of so many department stores above the most desirable goods.As if that was not trouble enough for them, they can now be filmed at work and obliged to attend a showing of their performance in court