Unit 9AE.docx

Unit 9AE.docx

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Unit9AE

Unit9

NewWords

1.imposevt.1.（on）put（aload,orpunishment）on把......强加于

Thejudgeimposedafineof$100ontheguiltyman.法官判罚那个有罪的人100美元。

2.（on）establish（anadditionalbill）officially征（税等），处以（罚款、监禁等）

Thecompanyrefusedtopaythetaxesimposedonthem.公司拒绝支付强征的税款。

2.treatmentn.1.theactorwayofdealingwithadisease治疗

Mycoldwon'trespondtotreatment.治疗对我的感冒没有什么作用。

Manypatientsarenotgettingthemedicaltreatmenttheyneed.

许多病人没有得到他们需要的治疗。

2.dealingwith处理；对待

Allvisitorsshouldreceivepropertreatment.所有来客都应得到良好的接待。

Histreatmentoftheproblemdoesn'tsatisfyhisboss.他对问题的处理没能使他的老板满意。

3.securityn.1.protection治安保卫

strictsecuritymeasures严密的安全防卫措施

Forsecurityreasonsthepassengershavetobesearched.为了确保安全，旅客得接受检查。

ThemoneyI'vesavedismysecurityagainsthardtimes.我积攒的钱可使我遇难不慌。

2.stateofbeingsecure

Livinginsuchanarea,hehasnofeelingofsecurity.住在这样的地区他没有安全感。

4.worldwidea.&ad.inorallovertheworld世界范围（的）

Heenjoysaworldwidename.他享有世界性的知名度。

Thenovelhassold20millioncopiesworldwide.这部小说在全世界售出了二千万册。

Chinesefoodisfamousworldwide.中国菜世界闻名。

5.facilityn.1.[pl.]usefulthings设施

shoppingfacilities采购设施

sportingfacilities体育设施

teachingfacilities教学设施

amusementfacilities娱乐设施

heatingfacilities取暖设施

publichealthandaidfacilities公共卫生与救助设施

2.anadvantageoropportunity便利，容易，方便

Afreebustotheairportisafacilityofferedonlybythishotel.

只有这家酒店为旅客提供去机场的免费汽车服务。

6.purchasen.somethingthatonebuys购买的物品

Hewaspleasedwithhispurchase.他对自己买的东西感到满意。

vt.buy购买

Hekeptboastingaboutthenewhousehepurchasedlastmonth.

他老吹嘘他上个月买的那幢新房。

7.careern.1.aprofession职业

Katemadenursingherlife'scareer.凯特把护理工作当作自己的终身职业。

2.apartofone'slifethatonespendsworking生涯

Inhiscareer,hewrotemorethan100shortstories.他一生写了100多部短篇小说。

8.specialistn.apersonwhohasspecialinterestorskillsinalimitedfieldofworkorstudy;master

专家

Heisaspecialistindiseasesofthenervoussystem.他是位神经系统疾病专家。

protectionn.1.theactofkeepingsafeorthestateofbeingkeptsafe保护

Thefencegavesomeprotectionagainstwildanimals.

围栏起到了一些避免野兽侵袭的作用。

2.somebodyorsomethingprotects保护人（物）

Shoesareaprotectionforfeet.鞋是用来保护脚的。

9.survivev.1.continuetoliveespeciallyaftercomingclosetodeath幸免于难

Weallhopedthatthesmallboatcouldsurvivethestorm.

我们都希望小船能幸免于暴风雨的劫难。

Thankfully,myvillagesurvivedthegreatflood.

谢天谢地，我的村庄在那场特大洪水中幸存下来。

2.livelongerthan比......活得长

Somepeoplebelievethatonlythestrongestcansurvive.

有些人相信只有最强壮的才能生存下来。

10.profitn.1.moneygained利润

Didyoumakeanyprofitlastyear?

你去年赚钱了没有？

2.advantagegainedfromsomeaction得益

Finishingcollegewillbetoyourprofit.完成大学学业对你有好处。

v.gainadvantageorlearnfrom得益（于）

Youmustlearntoprofitbyexperience.你必须学会从自己的经历中获益。

Hehopedtoprofitfromloaningmoneytomakemoney.他希望从借贷中获利。

11.emitvt.sendout排放

Thechemicalplantemittedacloudofsmoke.那座化工厂排放出一股浓烟。

12.permitn.officialpaperallowingsomething许可证

workpermit工作许可证

v.allow容许

Autumn'sparentsdidnotpermithertogooutwithherboyfriend.

秋的父母不允许她和男朋友一道外出。

13.banvt.preventbylaworpower;notallow禁止

Swimmingisbannedinthislake.此湖禁止游泳。

n.notallowinganactorspeechbypower禁止

Thecityhasabanonparkingcarsinthisbusystreet.

该城市禁止在这条繁华街道上停车。

14.prescribevt1.orderasamedicineortreatment开处方

Themedicineprescribedbythedoctorproducednoeffect.医生开的药没有效果。

2.state（whatmustbedone）规定

Goodcitizensdowhatthelawsprescribe.好市民依法行事。

PhrasesandExpressons

1..imposeon（upon）forceon;placeon强加于

Thegovernmentwouldnotdaretoimposetaxesonsuchneededfoodsasbreadormilk.

政府不可能向面包或牛奶这类生活必需品征税。

2.workon（upon）have（something）asthesubjectofthoughtoreffort努力做......

He'sworkingonaplaythathestartedlastweek.

他正在写他上周开始写的那个剧本。

3.moreandmoreinanincreasingquantityordegree越来越......

Thepublicisgrowingtorespectcleanlinessandefficiencymoreandmore.

公众越来越注重整洁和效率了。

4.payfor1.suffertheresultof因什么而受苦

Sometimesyouhavetopaydearlyformistakes.

有时侯你得为自己所犯的错误付出沉重的代价。

2.paysomemoneytoacquiresomething

因购买......而付钱

Ipaidgoodmoneyforthatbicycle:

nowtakecareofit.

我是用高价买的这辆自行车，可要好好爱护哟。

5.billfor

giveorsendabillstatinghowmuchmoneyonehastopayforgoodsorservices

送交某人账单或罚单

Hewasbilledfordrivingtoofast.他因为开快车而被罚。

6.startup

begin（somethingsuchasabusiness）;beginworking（inatrade,profession,etc.）开办，开设

Hestartedupasuccessfulcarfirm.他开办了一家汽车销售公司，而且很成功。

Theywerethinkingofstartingupinthefruitandvegetabletrade.他们想做水果蔬菜生意。

7.onaverageastheusualrateorestimate平均

Onaveragewereceivefivelettersaday.我们平均每天收到5封信。

8.atriskindanger冒险

Iftheyhavethevirustheyareputtingpatientsatrisk.

如果他们也带有这种病毒，那他们的病人就有危险了。

Aboutsevenmillionpeopleareatriskofdyingfromhunger.

大约有700万人面临着饿死的危险。

9.changefromchange（somethingorsomeone）from（astate）toanother由......变来

Hesuddenlychangedfromawell-behavedchildintoaroughteenager.

他突然从一个乖的孩子变成了一个行为粗鲁的少年。

10.undersiegeinastateofbeingsurrounded被包围

Thecityhasbeenundersiegeforfivedays这座城市被包围了五天了。

StructureAnalysis

Thewriterpresentsthepredictionforthe21stCenturywithgeneralstatements,whicharesupportedbydetails.Eachgeneralstatementhasbeennumberedforquickscanning. 

 JustlookatNumber6ofthereadingpassage.Wefindthatthetopicforthispartis“thechangingfaceofworkandtheworkplace”.Todescribethechanges,thewriterorganizedfiveshortparagraphsinthispart.

   Thefirstparagraphisaboutthegeneralstatement.

   Thesecondparagraphisaboutthewomen’sroleinwork.

   Thethirdparagraphisaboutpeople’schangingcareer.

   Thefourthparagraphisabouttheroleofinformationandknowledgeatworkplaces.

   Thefifthparagraphisabouttheroleofspecialists. 

 Andfromsecondparagraphtothefifthparagrapharedetailstosupportthegeneralstatementinthefirstparagraph.

LanguagePoints

1.Thefuturedoesnotdetermineitself.Theactionsofthepresentdeterminethefuture.（Para.2）

Meaning:

Thefutureisnotdeterminedbyitselfbutbytheactionswetaketoday.

2.EdwardCornish,editorof"TheFuturist"magazinepublishedbytheWorldFutureSociety,says:

（Para.3）

editor:

n.personwhoprepares（anewspaper,film,etc.）

achiefeditor主编，总编辑amanagingeditor编辑主任

Anewspapereditormakesthefinaldecisionsaboutwhicharticleswillbeprinted.

报纸编辑对于文章的刊用做出最终决定。

3.Theresponsibilitywehaveforthefuturebeginswhenwerecognizethatweourselvescreatethefuture-thatthefutureisnotsomethingimposeduponusbyfateorotherforcesbeyondourcontrol.（Para.4）

Meaning:

Itiswewhoareresponsibleforthefuture.Whenweknowthatweourselvescreatethefuture,thatis,whenwerealizethatitiswe,notfatenorotherforcesbeyondourcontrol,whodeterminethefuture,ourresponsibilitybegins.

Pleasenoticethatthesecond"that"clauseistheexplanationofthefirstthatclause.

4....thatthefutureisnotsomethingimposeduponusbyfate...（Para.4）

imposeon（upon）:

forceon;placeon

5....orotherforcesbeyondourcontrol.（Para.4）

beyond:

prep.outsidethelimitsof

beyondourpower非我们力所能及的beyonddoubt毫无疑义

beyondcompare无与伦比的beyondpraise夸不胜夸的

6.Yourbrainwavesmaybecheckedtoseewhetheryouarebusy,tiredordoingyourworkproperly.（Para.6）

Meaning:

Researchworkmaybedoneonyourbrainwavestoseeifyouarebusy,tiredordoingyourworkinasuitableway.

brainwave:

electriccurrentproducedbyrhythmicelectricchangesbetweenthepartsofthebrain脑电波

7.PsychologistArthurF.Kramertestedvolunteersworkingonarithmeticproblems（Para.7）

Meaning:

PsychologistArthurF.Kramertestedwillingpersonswhoweretryingtosolvearithmeticproblems

volunteer:

n.personwhoofferstodosomethingwithoutbeingforced

Thisisahugeproject,butwehavealotofvolunteersforthemostdifficultwork.

这是一个大项目，但我们拥有许多志愿者来承担其中最困难的工作。

workon（upon）:

have（something）asthesubjectofthoughtoreffort

IsTomstillworkingonthenewbookthathepromised?

汤姆还在写那本他答应写的书吗？

8.Hecouldpredicttheirperformancefromthestrengthofthebrain'selectricalactivitymeasuredthroughthehead.（Para.7）

Meaning:

Hecouldtellhowgoodthevolunteerswereintheirworkonthefoundationofthestrengthofthebrain'selectricalactivitythatwasmeasuredthroughthehead.

9.Hecouldpredicttheirperformancefromthestrengthofthebrain'selectricalactivity…（Para.7）

predict:

vt.sayinadvance

Onecanlooktothefuturebutcan'tpredictthefuture.人可以展望未来，但无法预测未来。

performance:

n.1.actionorwayofdoingsomething

Ourfootballteam'sperformancehasbeenpoorduringthewholeyear.

我们的足球队今年一直表现不佳。

2.showofmusic,aplay,etc.

Hisperformanceatthepartylastnightwasverygood.昨晚他在晚会上的表演很棒。

10.Bossescouldmeasurebrainactivitytolearnworkerquality.（Para.8）

Meaning:

Throughmeasuringbrainactivitybossescanlearnhowwellaworkerisperformingtoseeifheisworkinghard,ortootiredtodothejobproperly.

11.Frequentcomputeranalysiscouldtellwhetherworkers,likeairtrafficcontrollers,areseeingallactivityclearlyenoughtomonitoritproperly.（Para.8）

Meaning:

Frequentcomputeranalysescouldtelluswhetherworkerssuchasairtrafficcontrollershaveaclearpictureofalltheactivityinfrontofthemsothattheycancontroltheactivityinasuitableway.

Here"it"refersto"activity".

12.Frequentcomputeranalysis...（Para.8）

analys