大学英语四级考卷.docx

大学英语四级考卷.docx

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大学英语四级考卷

大学英语四级考卷

PartⅠWriting

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowedthirtyminutestowriteacompositiononthetopic:

ToCompete,ortoCooperate.Youshouldwritenomorethan120wordsaccordingtotheoutlinegivenbelowinChinese:

1、  1.有人认为大学应提倡同学间竞争；

  2.也有人认为学生应在大学里学会合作；

  3.你的看法。

           ToCompete,ortoCooperate

PartⅡReadingComprehension（SkimmingandScanning）

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequickly.

  Forquestions1-7mark

  Y（forYES）     ifthestatementagreeswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage;

  N（forNO）      ifthestatementcontradictstheinformationgiveninthepassage;

  NG（forNOTGIVEN） iftheinformationisnotgiveninthepassage.

  Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

          AdventuresinForeignLanguages

  Itcouldreasonablybearguedthat,forthoseofuswholiveintheUSAandspeakEnglishasournativetongue,thereisverylittlemotivationtolearnaforeignlanguage.WecantravelforthousandsofmilesandstillbesurroundedbynativeEnglishspeakers.Wecaneasilyspendourentireliveswithouthavinganyrealneedtospeakanotherlanguage.Itisevenpossibletocomfortablyvisitmanytouristdestinationsaroundtheglobe,speakingonlyEnglish.Clearly,learningaforeignlanguageisanon-essentialskillinoursociety.

  Benefitsinlearningaforeignlanguage

  Nevertheless,learningaforeignlanguageoffersseveralpossiblebenefits.Someofthecommonlystatedbenefitsare:

  ●Fostersafeelingofinternationalcommunity,bypromotinganawarenessofotherculturesandcountries.

  ●Enrichesourunderstandingofourownlanguage,bybringinggrammaticalstructuresandwordrootsintosharperfocus.ThismaybeespeciallytruewhenstudyinglanguagesthatsharelinguisticelementswithEnglish.

  ●Thestudyoflinguistics,andlearningtothinkandspeakinanotherlanguage,offersitsownintrinsicpleasuresandrewards.Languagecanbefun.

  ●Opensupthepossibilitiesofreadingnon-Englishliterature.

  ●Expandsglobaltravelopportunities.

Linguisticadventure

  Ithinkthesearegoodreasons,soIwantedtoprovidemychildrenwithsomeexposuretoforeignlanguages.ButwhatlanguageshouldIteach?

WhatlanguageamIqualifiedtoteach?

ItookfouryearsofFrenchinhighschool（andgotstraightA's）,butIneverreachedanyrealleveloffluency,andIhaveretainedverylittleofthesmallamountofFrenchIonceknew.IsthereanylanguagethatIcouldrealisticallylearn/teachalongsidemychildren?

I'dliketotellyouaboutourlinguisticadventures,andwhereweendedup.

  Afterabitofresearch,IsettledonSpanishforourfirstforayintoforeignlanguages.ButhowshouldIteachit,giventhatIdon'tknowSpanishmyself?

Iknowofonefamilywhohiredafull-timeSpanishnannytocommunicatetothechildrenonlyinSpanish.Itworkedveryeffectivelyforthem,butthiswasnotanoptionformyfamily.

  Anotheroptionwouldbetotakemychildrenonceaweektoaprivateinstructor.Manyfamiliesfindthistobethemostpracticalwaytolearnaforeignlanguage.YetIhavealsoheardmanyfamiliescomplainthattheirchildrenhavelearnedsurprisinglylittlefromsuchclasses.Perhapstheyhavelearnedabitofvocabulary（colors,partsofthebody,numbers,etc.）,buttheyarestillunabletoexpressthemselvesinthesecondlanguage,orconstructanysentencesbeyondafewdrilled-in,rehearsedphrases.

DecidingonEsperanto

  SoIwentbacktothedrawingboardanddidsomemorewebresearch,lookingforalanguageormethodthatwouldallowustodiscoversomeofthejoythatcancomefromlearningaforeignlanguage.Bysheerluck,Istumbledacrossalittle-knownlanguage,andwithinjustafewhoursofreadingaboutit,IknewitwasexactlywhatIwaslookingfor!

ThelanguagewasEsperanto.

  WhenItellpeoplethatwe'relearningEsperanto,Iusuallygetsomestrangelooks.Butthat'sokay.WhenItellpeoplewehomeschool,Ioftengetstrangelooksaswell;I'musedtodoingthingsthatareoutsideofthemainstream.Andaswithhomeschooling,itcanbeverydifficulttosumupinacoupleofsentencesallthereasonswhyit'ssoworthwhile,particularlytosomeonewhomayalreadyhavepreconceptionstothecontrary.

WhyisEsperantounique?

  SoforthoseofyouwhoknowverylittleaboutEsperanto,Ihopeyou'llindulgemeforamoment.Iwouldliketoexplainsomeofthefeaturesthatmakeitsuchauniquelanguage,andelaborateonwhyIthinkitissuchawonderfulpedagogicaltoolforexploringforeignlanguages.

  Esperantowasinventedin1887byL.L.Zamenhof,aPolishphysician. Invented?

Yes,that'sright,Esperantowasinvented.Zamenhof'svisionwasthatEsperantowouldbecometheworld'ssecondtongue,breakingdownlanguagebarriersinEuropeandthroughouttheworld.Obviously,Esperantohasnot（yet?

）becometheworld'scommonlanguage,sointhisrespect,Esperantodidnotliveuptothedreamofitscreator.Becauseofthis,manypeople,iftheyhaveevenheardofEsperantoatall,areonlyvaguelyawareofitassomesortof"failed"experimentincreatingacommonlanguage.

  Nevertheless,therealityisthatEsperantohasflourished,andonly120yearsafterit'sconception,isnowstudiedandspokenbypeopleallovertheglobe.Itlivesandevolvesjustlikeotherlanguages,anditcanbeusedtoexpressallfacetsofhumanthoughtandemotion.YetamajorityoftheseEsperantospeakerslearnedthelanguagethroughself-directedstudyorcorrespondencecourses!

Althoughalllanguagesrequireefforttolearn,Esperantoisastonishinglysimplewhencomparedtoanativelanguage.Thekeytoitssimplicityisitsconsistencyandregularity.Forexample,eachletterhasexactlyonephoneticsound,noexceptions.Eachwordhastheaccentonthesecond-to-lastsyllable,noexceptions.Allwordsendingin"o"arenouns.Allwordsendingin"a"areadjectives.Allwordsendingin"e"areadverbs.Unlikemanyforeignlanguages,inanimatenounsarenotcategorizedas"masculine"or"feminine".Verbconjugationisverystraightforward,andtherearenoirregularverbs.

  AnotherkeyfacetofEsperantoisthatithasapowerfulsystemofwordbuilding,makingiteasytoformnewwordsoutofrootsandaffixesyoualreadyknow.Sincealargepartoflearningalanguageinvolvesaccumulatingvocabulary,thisword-buildingsystemmeansthatinEsperantoyouneedtolearnonly,say,atenthasmanywordrootstoexpressthesamenumberofconceptsasyouwouldinanotherlanguage.

Butsimplicityisnotreasonenoughtolearnalanguage.Solet'stakealookathowEsperantomeasuresupinachievingthebenefitsofaforeignlanguageprogram.Lookingbackatthelistfromthebeginningofthearticle,let'sconsiderthoseissuespointbypoint.

Esperantoisaninternationallanguage

  Belongingtonoparticularcountry,Esperantoistrulyaninternationallanguage.WithintwomonthsofbeginningEsperanto,mykidswereexchangingpostcardsinEsperantowithchildrenfromRussia,France,Sweden,Poland,andUzbekistan.Iamdelightedthattheyhavehadthisopportunitytofeelconnectedtopeoplefromallovertheglobe.Mychildrendon'texpecteveryonetolearnEnglish;nordotheyexpecttolearneveryotherlanguage.Buttheyareeagertocommunicatewithanyonewillingtomeetthemhalfway.

  MostoftheEsperantowordrootsarederivedfromLatin.ThismeansthatyoucanenjoyverysimilarEnglishvocabulary-buildingbenefitsbylearningEsperanto,withasmallfractionoftheeffort.Furthermore,Esperantousesgrammar-codedwordendingstomakethepartsofspeechandgrammaticalstructureofeachsentenceexceptionallyclear.

  SinceEsperantoisonlyacenturyold,thereisnotahugebodyofEsperanto-onlyliterature.Nevertheless,thereareoverahundredoriginalEsperantonovelsandcollectionsofpoetry,aswellasmanyoutstandingtranslationsofworksfromothercountries.Esperantomagazinesreportcurrenteventsfromtheperspectivesofpeopleallovertheworld.

  BylearningEsperanto,youbecomepartofaninternational"club"ofpeoplegenuinelyinterestedinmeetingandcommunicatingwithpeoplefromotherlands.TherearelistsyoucanobtainofEsperantistsfromcountriesaroundtheworld,eagertohostvisitors,andgivethemaninsider'slookattheircultureandcommunity.IknowseveralEsperantistswhohaveusedtheseliststotraveltheworldinexpensively,makingnewfriends,andseeingtheworldinadecidedlynon-touristyway.

  Icanhearsomeofyouthinking,"Itsoundsinteresting,but1really,reallywantmykidstolearnSpanish（orFrench,orJapanese,orwhatever）.Wedon'thavetimetospendonEsperanto."Amazingly,studyafterstudyhasshownthatlearningEsperantohasnocost!

Forexample,inonestudy,acontrolgroupofhighschoolstudentstookfouryearsofFrench,whiletheexperimentalgrouptookoneyearofEsperantofollowedbythreeyearsofFrench. Attheendofhighschool,theexperimentalgrouphadgreaterfluencyinFrench!

Inotherwords,thebenefitstheygainedfromstudyingEsperantomorethanoffsetthetimelostfromstudyinganotherlanguage.

2、ThepassagefocusesontheneedforAmericanstoLearnforeignlanguages.

3、ThewriterbelievesthatAmericansdonotlearnforeignlanguageslargelybecausetheyarelazy.

4、Thewriterbelievesthatlearningaforeignlanguagecanhelpapersonunderstandtheirownlanguagebetter.

5、MostAmericans,likethewriter,learnFrenchathighschool.

6、MostEsperantospeakerslearntitbytravelingandmeetingotherEsperantospeakers.

7、Esper