物流配送外文文献及翻译.docx
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物流配送外文文献及翻译
1.INTRODUCTION
Logisticsisnormallyconsideredasnothingmorethangettingtherightproducttotherightplaceattherighttimefortheleastcost.Facedwitharapidlychangingenvironment,revolutionarychangesintechnology,continuedgovernmentderegulation,theshorteningofproductlifecycle,proliferationofproductlinesandshiftsintraditionalmanufacturer-retailerrelationships,manyorganisationshavehadtorethinktheirtraditionalassumptions.
Overthelasttenyearsoneofthemostsignificantchangesinmanagementthinkingwastheemphasisonthesearchforstrategiesthatwillprovidesuperiorvalueincompetition.Logisticsmanagementhasthepotentialtoassisttheorganisationintheachievementofbothacost/productivityadvantageandavalueadvantage.Theimportanceoflogisticsanditsintegrationinthesupplychainwasarguedby.
Chinaisahugeconsumermarketthataccountedforathirdofglobaleconomicgrowthoverthepastthreeyears.Itsdevelopmentspeedandpotentialcannotbeignoredbytherestoftheworld.AsaresultofChina’sinternalandexternaleconomicattributes,mostoftheglobalconsumerbrandshaveestablishedoperationsthere.Inparticularintheautomobileindustry,manyoftheleadingglobalOEMsincludingHonda,Toyota,GeneralMotors,VolkswagenandFordhaveestablishedjoint-venturepartnershipswithlocalcarmanufacturers.AutosalesinChinaroseby76%intheyeartoJuly2003andby2011,ChinaisexpectedtosurpassJapantobecometheworld’ssecondlargestautomarket.InordertocompeteintheChinesemarketshareandsatisfyincreasingdemand,theseoperationsarecontinuouslyexpandingtheirproductionvolumeswithastonishingspeed.Suchexpansionis,howevercarriedoutinthecontextofalegacyenvironment.
Chinaspansalargegeographicalareawith,inmanyparts,under-developedinfrastructure.Thispresentsachallengetoefficientdeploymentoflogisticsstrategies.Furthermore,theinvolvementofthirdpartylogisticsproviders,favouredbymostglobalOEMs,isanemergentconsiderationinChina.Finally,theconflictsthatinevitablyariseinthejointventurepartnershipsleadtodelaysintheintroductionofwesternlogisticsmanagementexperiencesandmethodsfromtheOEMs.AllthesefactorsincreasethedifficultiesinmanaginglogisticsbyChina’slocalautomakers.
2.TheoveralldevelopmentofforeigndistributionOverview
2.1TheUnitedStatesofmodernlogisticsdevelopment
Twenty-firstcenturyfromthe60sonwards,therationalizationofdistributionofgoodsingeneralarevaluedintheUnitedStatestotakethefollowingmeasures:
First,thewarehousewillreplacetheolddistributioncenter:
Thesecondisthemanagementoftheintroductionofcomputernetworks,ontheloadingandunloading,handling,custody,standardizedoperation,improveoperatingefficiency;Third,thecommonchaindistributioncenterssetuptopromotethegrowthofchain-effective.UnitedStateschainstoreshaveavarietyofdistributioncenters,mainlyinthewholesale-based,retailandwarehouse-typethreetypes.
2.2Japan'smodernlogisticsdevelopment
Onlogisticsanddistributionofwoodwiththefollowingfeatures:
well-developeddistributionchannels,frequent,low-volumestock,logisticsanddistributionreflectsthecommonandsetthetrendsticks,logisticsanddistributioncooperative,theGovernmentplanninginthedevelopmentofmodernlogisticsanddistributionplayanimportantroleintheprocessof.
2.3Europeanmoderndevelopmentoflogistics
CountriesinEurope,especiallyGermany,logisticsreferstotheuser'sordersinaccordancewiththerequirementsofpositionsinthelogisticssub-goodsdistribution,thegoodswillbesenttotheconsigneewithgoodactivities.Germany'slogisticsindustryformedofbasiccommoditiesfromorigintodistributioncenter,fromthedistributioncenter(andsometimesthroughmorethanonedistributioncenter)arriveatthemodernmodeofendcustomers.TraveledinGermany,itcanbesaidofthelogisticsanddistributioninGermanyhasbeenformedtofinaldemand-orientedtothemodernizationoftransportandhigh-techinformationnetworkasabridgetoareasonableR69distributioncenterhubtorunacompletesystem.
2.4themainreasonsoflogisticsindustrydevelopingfasterindevelopedcountries
Relyingonhigh-techtothecoreeconomiesofscaletoallowflexibilitybasedonavarietyofforms.
3、China's3PLenterprisesarefacingamajorobstacletobusiness
3.1ThecurrentsituationofChina's3PL
China's3PLenterprises:
serviceradiusofasmall,lowentrybarriers.Withthegradualwarmingheatlogistics,urbanlogisticsindustryisalsoincreasinglyunitarycoveredbytheimportanceanddevelopment.However,duetohistoricalreasonsinourcountry,thelong-standingemphasisonproductionofalightflow,heavyflowtolighttheideaofthelogistics,distributionofdevelopmentinthenotyetripeatthisstage,thereistheissuemoreprominentinthefollowingtwoaspects:
theservicedeliverydifficulttoplayacentralrole,theprocessofdistributionofthelowlevelofmodernization.
China's3PLcompanieswithforeign3PLcompaniesmainlyinthegapbetweenthethreeaspects:
First,procurementcapacity,andtheotherislogistics,andthethirdiscashflow.Aspectsoflogisticsanddistribution,foreignretailershavedoneverywell,hasasetofefficientlogisticsinformationsystem,whichcaneffectivelyimprovetheinventoryturnoverrate,soastoenhancethereturnonassetsandprofitability.Anddomesticretailersinthisareahasjuststarted,orhavenotyetstarted.
3.2distributioncenterlowertheoveralldistribution,commercialchainfailedtogivefullplaytotheadvantages
Fromourpointofviewtheexistingcommercialretailenterprises,inadditiontosomelarge,well-knowncommercialenterprises,thegeneralcommercial"chain"businessesarenotsetuptheirownlogisticsanddistributioncentersorusethird-partylogisticscenter.Althoughthesecompanieshavealsoestablishedsomeofhisown"chain"stores,butinfactoperatinggoodsstoresdonotdo"unifiedprocurement,unifieddistribution,unifiedbilling,"whichallowssomecommercialretailenterprises,"chain"seemstoexistinnameonly.Theotherhasbeenestablishedintheirownlogisticsanddistributioncentersorusethird-partylogisticsdistributioncenterofcommoditiesincommercialenterprises,theeffectivenessofdistributioncentershasnotbeeneffective,whichinturnaffectedtheprocurementcostofanintegratedchainadvantages,includingoutstandingmanifestedbythedistributioncenterforgoodsdistributionratioofunityisverylow.Uniformdistributionlogisticscentercannotbeachieved,indicatingthestore'scommercialenterprises"unifiedpurchase"didnotmaterialize,ratherthanaunifiedprocurementchainhaslostthecorestrengths.
3.3China'smoreenterprisesarefacingamajorobstacleofthehigherlogisticscost
Wal-Mart85%ofthecommoditiesdistributionthroughthedistributioncenter,inwhich80%isthroughthe"zeroinventory"ofthemorecompleteformofthedistributiondatabase.Wal-Martasaresultoftheuseofthe"Crossdistribution"and"auto-replenishment"ofsupplychaintechnology,sothatgoodsturnoverintheTreasurydownto2days.AndretailenterprisesinChinaareinthe15-30days,whichreflectstheretail,distributionenterprises,underdevelopedlogisticssystem,distributioncostsaretoohigh.RapidexpansionofretailenterprisesinChina'ssizeandspeedintheshorttermiftheycannotformaqualitativeedgeisadangerousspeculation.
Overtheyearsthepracticehasprovedthatthemulti-purposelogisticsdistributioncenter,intensive,low-costsupplyhub,aswellastheuseofinformationtechnologytoreorganizeandupgradetheentireflowofthesupplychainmanagementisthecoreoflarge-scaleretailenterprisesstrategyistosupporttheretailgiantsuper-conventionaldevelopment.Thefaceoflarge-scaleretailanddistributionbusinessesofthemaindistributioncenterlogisticsrequirementsplanning,focusingonhowtoreflecttheintegrationofinformationflowinbusinessflow,logistics,capitalflow,sothattheoperationofretailenterprisestoexpandthelogisticsfortheentireenterprisesupplychaincollaborationnodesandsothatthewholepositiveandnegativetominimizelogisticscostofgoods(includingconsumers,stores,logistics,distributioncenters,headquarters,suppliersandpartners),andatimelyresponsetosalesdemandandtimelyreplenishment.Thisisalsoalarge-scalecross-regional,multi-format,chainretailenterpriseshavethecapacityofthecorecompetitiveadvantage.
3.4Lackofmodernlogisticsmanagementknowledgeandexpertiseoflogisticspersonnel.
Thisisthethird-partylogisticsindustryinrestrictingthedevelopmentofChina'smostimportantoneofthebottlenecks.Logisticsknowledge,especiallyinmodernintegratedthirdpartylogisticsknowledgeisfarfrombeinguniversal,butthatitsmainbusinessareasistoprovidetransportationandwarehousingservices,notknowthatitisnewtothesetraditionalbusinessintegrationofitsbusinessfieldsFartoosimpletobecomeconnectedwithtransportandstorageofrawmaterials,semi-finishedproductssupply,productionprocess,materialflow,thewholeprocessofproductdistributionservices,ascoverflow,solidlogistics,capitalflow,informationflowisequaltotheintegratedsystemofsystems.
4toenhancecorecompetitiveness,theimplementationofintegratedmanagement
"integratedmanagement"istheoriginalEnglishIntegratedSupplyProcess,referstotheproductionenterprises,office,lifeofanon-corebusinessareasoftheoperationandm