中国文化英语复习.docx

中国文化英语复习.docx

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中国文化英语复习

ØOverview

1.TheredcolouroftheNationalFlagofthePRCsymbolizesrevolutionandtheyellowcolourofthestarsthegoldenbrilliantraysradiatingfromthevastredland、ThedesignoffoursmallerstarssurroundingabiggeronesignifiestheunityoftheChinesepeopleundertheleadershipofthemunistPartyofChina（CPC）、

2.Chinaisacountryofvariedtopographicalfeatureswithhighlandsinthewestandplainsintheeast、Mountainouslandandveryroughterrainsmakeupabout67%ofChineseterritory,basinsandplainsabout33%、

3.ThefirstprimitivemanknowntohaveexistedinChinaisYuanmouMan,wholivedabout1、7millionyearsago、PekingMan,whoexistedmorethan600,000yearsagoatZhoukoudian,inthevicinityofmodernBeijing,couldwalkupright,makeandusesimpletools,andmakeuseoffire、

4.Equality,unity,andmonprosperityarethebasicprinciplesoftheChinesegovernmentinhandlingtherelationsbetweenethnicgroups、

5.PRC————People’srepublicofChina————中华人民共与国

CPPCC———ChinesePeople’sPoliticalconsultativeConference———中国人民政治协商会议

CPC——munistPartyofChina——中国共产党

NPC——NationalPeople’sCongress——全国人民代表大会

《义勇军进行曲》:

MarchoftheVolunteers

京杭大运河:

theGrandCanalbetweenBeijingandHangzhou

炎黄子孙:

descendantsofYanandHuang

特别行政区:

specialadministrativeregion

一国两制:

onecountry,twosystems

6.LocatedintheeastoftheAsiancontinent,onthewesternshoreofthePacificOcean,thePRChasalandareaofabout9、6millionsquarekilometers,andisthethirdlargestcountryintheworld,nextonlytoRussiaandCanada、Chinaisacountryofvariedtopographicalfeatureswithhighlandsinthewestandplainsintheeast、Mountainouslandandveryroughterrainsmakeupabout67%ofChineseterritory,basinsandplainsabout33%、MostofChinaliesinthenorthtemperatezone,characterizedbyawarmclimateanddistinctiveseasons,aclimatewellsuitedforhabitation、

ØChapter1

1.Thephilosophyinthepre-Qintimeswasmarkedbytheemergenceofvariousancientphilosophyviews、ThemostinfluentialschoolswereConfucianism,Taoism,MohismandLegalism、

2.AncientChinesephilosopherssharesomemonfeaturessuchastheirstressonspiritualexistence,practice,morality,harmonyandintuition、

3.Chineseethicsandmoralityfocusesmoreonharmony,collectivismandspirituallife、

4.China,asamulti-religioncountry,hasindigenousTaoistreligionandreligionsofforeignoriginsuchasBuddhism,Islam,Catholicism,andChristianity、

5.TheWhiteHorseTemplelocatedintheeastofLuoyang,HenanProvince,wasthefirstofficiallybuiltBuddhisttempleinChinaintheEasternHandynasty、

6.罢黜百家,独尊儒术:

banningallschoolsofthoughtexceptConfucianism

佛经:

Buddhistscriptures

三从四德:

threeobediencesandfourvirtues

八仙过海,各显神通:

WhentheEightImmortalscrossthesea,eachdemonstratestheirdevinepower、

《古兰经》:

theKoran

7.Chinaisamulti-religioncountry、ThereligionsthatarebelievedbyChinesepeoplearemainlyTaoism,Buddhism,Islam,CatholicismandChristianity,amongwhichTaoismisindigenoustoChinawhiletheothersareofforeignorigin、Chinesecitizensmayfreelychoosetheirreligiousbeliefsandmakecleartheirreligiousaffiliations、

ØChapter2

1.OnFaultsofQin——JiaYi——Handynasty

SongofEternalSorrow——BaiJuyi——Tangdynasty

TheScholarship——WuJingzi——Ming&Qingdynasties

TheGoddess——GuoMoruo——modernperiod

WivesandConcubines——SuTong——contemporaryperiod

2.诸子散文——philosophicalprose

文学评论——literarycriticism

婉约派——softandtunefulschool

四大名著——theFourGreatClassicalNovels

诺贝尔文学奖——theNobelPrizeforLiterature

3.ThebookofSongs,thefirstanthologyofpoetryinChina,includes305poemsfromtheearlyWesternZhoudynastytothemiddleoftheSpringandAutumnperiod,Inthelightoftheirrhythms,theworkscanbedividedintothreesections:

feng,yaandsong、ThepoemsinTheBookofSongsaremainlywritteninfourcharacterlines、Intermsofitswritingtechnique,itcanbeclassifiedintofu,bi,andxing、AsthestartingpointofChineseliterature,TheBookofSongshasgreatinfluenceontheliteraryworksoflatergenerations、

ØChapter3

1.Calligraphyretainsthebeautyofnatureandilluminatesthespiritualbeautyofhumanbeings、Chinesecalligraphystressestheoveralllayoutandharmonybetweenwordsandlines、

2.TraditionalChinesepaintingreferstoink-washpainting、ItcanbetracedtotheTangdynastyandflourishedfromtheYuandynastyonwards、Itholdsanimportantplaceinthehistoryoftraditionallandscapepainting、

3.Chineseoperainconsideredoneofthethreeancientformsofdramaintheworld,withtheothertwobeingGreektragedyandedyandIndianSanskritopera、Ofthesethree,onlyChineseoperastillremainsalive、

4.Erhu,sometimesknownintheWestasthe“Chineseviolin”,isatwostringbowedmusicalinstrumentandisusedasasoloinstrumentaswellasforsmallensemblesandlargeorchestras、ThemostpopularerhupieceisTwoSpringsReflecttheMoon、

5.楷书:

regularscript相声:

crosstalk

文房四宝:

FourTreasuresoftheStudy

皮影戏:

shadowplays

弦乐器:

pluckedinstruments

6.BeijingOpera,whichhasahistoryofmorethan200years,enjoysthegreatestreputationamongChina’straditionaloperas、InBeijingOpera,performersweardifferenttypesofmake-upaccordingtothecharacterstheyperform、Singing,recitation,acting,andacrobaticfightingarethefourmajorartisticmeansandthefourbasicskillsofBeijingOpera、EachactionofaBeijingOperaperformerishighlysymbolic、Gestures,footwork,andotherbodymovementscanexpresstheactionssuchasopeningadoor,goingupstairs,rowingaboat,ridingahorse,etc、

ØChapter4

1.Before1905,thereweretwokindsofschoolsinChina:

privateschools,runbyscholarsteachingstudentsathome,andofficialinstitutions,whichwereopentochildrenofnobles、

2.InChinesebasiceducation,thecurriculumisdesignedtomakestudentswell-roundinmoral,intellectual,physicalandaestheticaldevelopments,baseduponcognitivelearningandthedevelopmentalneedsofchildrenatdifferentages、

3.Secondaryvocationalschoolisanalternativetoseniormiddleschool、Itsobjectiveistopreparestudentsforthelinesofproduction,services,technicalservices,management,etc、

4.ThehistoryofhighereducationinChinacanbetracedbacktotheHandynastyover2000yearsago、Itestablishedtaixueasthehighesteducationalinstitutetocultivateseniorscholarstohelpadministernationalaffairs、SincetheSuidynasty,theinstituteforhighereducationwascalledguozijian,whichwasalsothehighestadministrativebureaufornationalaffairs、

5.四书五经:

FourBooksandFiveClassics

科举制度:

imperialcivilexaminationsystem

九年义务教育:

Nine-YearpulsoryEducation

职业教育:

vocationaleducation

孔子学院:

ConfuciusInstitute

6.TheimperialcivilexaminationsystemwasanexaminationsystemthroughwhichtalentedpeoplewererecognizedandselectedasgovernmentofficialsinChina’sfeudalsociety、ThepracticebeganintheSuidynastyandlastedabout1300yearsuntiltheendoftheQingdynasty、Ithadprofoundimpactonthepost-Sui-TangChina’ssocialstructure,politicalsystem,educationalsystem,andhumanisticideologies、

ØChapter5

1.ThefourgreatinventionsinancientChinahavebeeimportantsymbolsofChina’simportantroleinhumancivilization、Theyarethepass,gunpowder,paper-makingandprinting、

2.TCMisverydifferentfromWesternmedicineinitsmeansofdiagnosisandtreatment,anditspositionofdrugsandprescriptions、

3.Theseismograph,inventedbyZhangHeng,canindicatethedirectionofadistantearthquake、Itwasover1700yearslaterthatasimilarinstrumentwasinventedinEurope、

4.On20November1984,xiangyanghong-10sailedfromShanghai,arrivinginAntarcticaon25December,markingasignificantprogressinChina’spolarresearch、

5.Tiangong-1isChina’sfirstspacestationwhichservesasbothamannedlaboratoryandanexperimentaltestbed、Itdemonstratesitsorbitalrendezvousanddockingcapabilities、

6.BianQue——fourmethodsofdiagnosis

HuaTuo——mafeisan

ZhangZhongjing——OnDiseases

LiShizhen——pendiumofMeteriaMedica

7.活字印刷术:

movabletypeprinting

五禽戏:

Five-AnimalExercises

四则运算:

fourfundamentaloperationsofarithmetic

哥德巴赫猜想:

Goldbach’sConjecture

杂交水稻:

hybridrice

8.WhenitestoChina’sancientscienceandtechnology,peoplemayimmediatelythinkofthefourgreatinventions,namely,thepass,gunpowder,paper-makingandprinting、However,inancientChina,greatachievementswerealsomadeinastronomy,mathematics,traditionalChinesemedicine,agriculture,manufacturingandsoon、AchievementsmadeintraditionalChinesemedicinewereespeciallyremarkable、BianQue,oftheWarringStatesperiod,inventedthefourmethodsofdiagnosis:

observation,auscultationandolfaction,interrogation,andpalpationandpulsefeeling、pendiumofMateriaMedicabyLiShizhenisregardedasthemostpleteandprehensivemedicalbookeverwritteninthehistoryoftraditionalChinesemedicine、

ØChapter6

1.Tangdynasty——equestrianpolo

Songdynasty——cuju

Yuandynasty——chuiwan

2.Modernmartialartsconsistoffivecategories:

boxing,weaponexercises,sparringexercises,actualbatandteamwork、

3.Qigong,alsocalleddeepbreathingexercise,ispracticedbytheChineseonaregularbasistokeepfit、“Qi”literallymeans“air”andimplies“lifeforce”、

4.Yanggeisatraditionaldanceacpaniedbyrhythmicfolkmusicorsinging,withthedancersdressedincostumesandholdingfansorhandkerchiefs、

5.Itwasnotuntil1932whenthe10thOlympicGameswereheldinLosAngelesthatChinawasinvitedforthefirsttimetosendathletestopete、AgaininLosAngelesin1984,XuHaifengwasthefirstgoldmedalwinner,whi