大学英语综合教程B1Unit3UnderstandingScience.docx
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大学英语综合教程B1Unit3UnderstandingScience
Unit3UnderstandingScience
TextAPublicAttitudeTowardScience
1.BackgroundInformation
BriefIntroductiontoStephenHawking
1）StephenHawking（1942-）:
ChronologyofStephenHawking
--1942BorninOxford,England、
--1958EnteredOxfordUniversityandbecameespeciallyinterestedinthermodynamics（热力学）,relativitytheory,andquantummechanics（量子力学）、
--1962Receivedabachelor'sdegreeinphysicsandthenenrolledasaresearchstudentingeneralrelativityattheUniversityofCambridge、
--1966EarnedhisPh、DdegreeattheUniversityofCambridge、StayedattheUniversityofCambridgetodopost-doctoralresearch、DiagnosedashavingAmyotrophicLateralSclerosis（ALS）（肌萎缩性骨髓侧索硬化）、“Iamquiteoftenasked:
HowdoyoufeelabouthavingALS?
Theansweris,notalot、Itrytoleadasnormalasalifeaspossible,andnotthinkaboutmycondition,orregretthethingsitpreventsmefromdoing,whicharenotthatman、y”
--1977Becameaprofessorofphysic、s
--1979AppointedLucasianProfessorofmathematicsatCambridge,apostonceheldbyIsaacNewton、
2）MainAchievements
a）Singularity
Apointinspace-timeatwhichthespace-timecurvature曲（率）becomesinfinite、
b）blackhole
Aregionofspace-timefromwhichnothing,notevenlight,canescap、eNothingcanescapebecausegravityissostron、g
c）ABriefHistoryofTime
Oneofhisbookstomakehisworkaccessibletothepubli、c
AlbertEinstein（1879-1955）
1）QuizaboutEinstein
DothequiztoseehowmuchyouknowaboutAlbertEinstein、
Inhisefforttodiscoverthegoverninglawsoftheuniverse,Einsteintriedtofindamathematicalrelationshipbetweentwonaturalforce、sWhatarethey?
D
A）Electromagnetismandgravitation
B）Fission（裂变）andgravity
C）Electricityandthespeedoflight
D）Nuclearenergyandelectromagnetism
2）MonologueofEinstein
AlbertEinstein（1879-1955）:
IwasborninUlm,Germanyin1879、Asyoumayknow,1905wasabigyearforme、That'swhenIturnedtheworldupsidedown,atleastforscientists,timehadtobelookedatinawholenewwa—ythatNewton'sviewofspaceandtimewasinaccurat、eTheseideasbecameknownasthespecialtheoryofrelativityandintroducedtheequationE=MC2、
TenyearslaterIpresentedthegeneraltheoryofrelativity、Thegeneraltheoryshowedthatgravityisnotaforce,asNewtonhadthought、Itisinsteadacurvatureofthespace-timecontinuum、
3）Doyouknow?
--Einsteincouldnotfindajobinphysicsupongraduationfromcollege,andbecameatechnicalassistantintheSwissPatentOffice、Heworkedontheoreticalphysicsinhissparetime、
--EinsteindidnotreceiveaNobelPrizeforhistheoryofrelativity、
--EinsteinimmediatelyleftGermanyfortheUnitedStatesfollowingHitler'srisetopower、
--Einsteinspentmuchofhislatercareersearchingforaunifiedfieldtheory,butwasunsuccessfu、l
--EinsteindeclinedthepresidencyofthesateofIsraelwhenitwasofferedtohimin1952bythesateleader、s
--Theelementeinsteinium（锿）,discoveredin1952,wasnamedinthehonorofAlbertEinstein、
Frankenstein:
Thisisahorrorfilmaboutadoctorwhobuildsamonsteroutofdeadbodypartsandbringsittolifeusingelectricity,basedonthenovelbyMaryShelley、
III、GlobalReading
1、chartcompletion
Fillinthechartbycomparingthefirst10linesofbothAlltheCabbieHadWasaLetterandPublicAttitudestowardSciencetoseestyledifferencebetweennarrationandexposition、
TextA
Paragraphlength
Sentencelength
simpleorcompoundsentences?
anypassivevoice?
anydialogue?
any3rd-personnarrator?
Unit2
shorter
shorter
simple
no
yes
no
Unit3
longer
longer
compound
yes
no
yes
2、PartDivisionoftheText（seeStuden'tsBookP69）
Parts
Lines
MainIdeas
1
1~33
Tomakeinformeddecisionsaboutchange,thepublicneedsabasicunderstandingofscience、
2
33~62
Whatcanbedonetoeducatethepublicaboutscience、
3
63~67
Withaninformedpublic,humancivilizationwillsurvive、
IV、DetailedReading
Importantwords,phrasesandsentences:
PartOne（Para、1~Para、3）
1.（L2）likely:
1）adj、probable很可能的,合适的,可靠的,有希望的
---AnaccidentlikelytoleadtowarisreportedonTV、
2）adv、probably（Whenusedasanad、,thewordisoftenprecededby"most","morethan",or"very"、Youdon'tuseitasanad、onitsown、）或许,很可能
---Ishallverylikelytobehereagainnextmonth、
Pattern:
Itislikelythat⋯很可能
--Itishighlylikelythathewillsucceed、
CF:
likely,possible&probable
这些词都有“可能的”意思。
likely系常用词,指从表面迹象来瞧很有可能。
---Thelikelyoutcomeofthecontestvariesfrommomenttomomen、t
possible指由于有适当的条件与方法,某事可能发生或做到,强调客观上有可能,但常会有实际希望很小的意思。
---Isitpossibletogettothecitybytrain,ormustItakeabus?
probable语气比possible强,指有根据,合情理,值得相信,带有大概,很可能的意思。
---Itisprobablethathehasforgottenourappointmen、t
2、（L6）dowithout:
v、managetosurvive,continue,orsucceedalthoughyoudonothavesth、youneed,want,orusu、have没有⋯而设法对付过去;免除,不用
Ican'taffordacar,so1guessI'llhavetodowithou、tHecan'tdowithouttheservicesofasecretary、
Collocation:
doawaywithdoup
havesomethingtodowithhavenothingtodowith
摆脱;废除,取消系上,扣上;修理;打扮与⋯有关系
与⋯没有关系
3、（L6）highly:
adv、
1）very很,非常
--Mr、Smithwasahighlysuccessfulsalesma、n
2）toahighdegree高度地
--Hespeaksveryhighlyofyou、
--出席这次会议的大部分人就是受过高等教育的女性、
Mostofthepeoplepresentatthemeetingarehighlyeducatedwome、n
CF:
highly&high
这两个词都表示“高高地”。
highly这个副词就是“高度地”的意思,就是表达程度的,指的就是抽象意义上的“高”。
修饰形容词要使用highly、
---ahighlypaidofficial---thinkhighlyofsb、
薪俸优厚的官员
器重某人
---*ahighlyinfectiousdisease
high这个副词就是作“高高地”讲,就是表达位置的,指的就是具体意义上的“高”构成复合形容词要用high、
---aimhigh向高处瞄准
---searchhighandlow到处寻找
---*ahigh-bornmerchant其她类似的例子有:
closely&closeclosely细心地,严密地
---WatchwhatIdoclosely、
---Theprisonerswerecloselyguarded、囚犯被严密瞧守着close近地
---Helivesclosetotheschool、
Para、2
4、（L9）put/turntheclockback:
v、returntoasituationthatusedtoexist,usually
becausethepresentsituationisunpleasant倒退,开倒车
---Theemploymentbillinwhichwomenarenotallowedtotakejobswillputtheclockbackfiftyyears、
---Forgetallaboutitandlooktothefuture;youcan'tturntheclockback、
5、（L10~11）Norcanonepreventfurtheradvancesinthefuture、Whyisthissentencereserved?
Theword“nor”hereappearsatthebeginningofthesentence、
--NorwillIdenythat、
6、（L13）bringabout:
v、make（sth、）happen使发生,致使=makehappen---这就是怎么发生的?
Whatbroughtitabout?
---Someeducatorsarehopingtobringaboutmajorchangesintheeducationalsyst、emCollocation:
bringforthbringforwardbringup
Fillintheblankwiththeabovephrasesandchangetheformwherenecessa、ry
1）Theyproposedthatthedateofthecongressbberoughtforthafewmonths、
2）Thetreesintheorchardbringforthmanyapples、
3）Hewaswellbroughtup、
4）Atthemeetingthenextmorning,thebroughtforth/forward/upmanyproblemsanddiscussedthemonebyon、e
7、（L14）inquire:
1）vt、asktobetold询问,问明,查究
---Heinquired（ofher）thereasonforbeinglateagain、
---Heaskedforhiskeyandinquiredwhethertherehadbeenanymessageforh、im
2）vi、seekinformationbyquestioning、
---我打电话询问有关火车时刻的事情、
Iranguptoinquireabouttraintimes、
Collocation:
inquireafter问候
inquirefor求见
inquireinto查究,调查
CF:
inquire,ask&question这些词都有“问,询问”的意思。
inquire就是较正式的书面用词,渴望知道某人或某事的确实情况,后不接人作宾语、
---Heinquiredyourtelephonenumber、
ask就是最常用词,指为了了解某人或谋事而提出问题,请别人解答或向别人打听消息、
---Excuseme、MayIaskyouaquestion?
question指对某事不断提出问题,以便了解详细情况、
---Thesuspectwasquestionedbythepolic、e
8、（L15~16）Theonlywaytopreventfurtherdevelopmentswouldbeaglobalstatethatsuppressedanythingnew,andhumaninitiativeandinventivenessaresuchthateventhiswouldn'tsu、cceed
1）Whatisthegrammaticalfunctionofthefirst“that”?
Here“that”bringsaboutanattributiveclause、
2）Whatdoesthestructure“suchthat”heremean?
Thestructureisusedtogiveanexplanationforsomething、--Hismannerwassuchthathewouldoffendeveryonehem、et
3）Whatcanweinferfromthissentence?
Nowaycansuppressanythingnew,ashumaninitiativeandinventivenessdoexist、
9、（L17）initiative:
n、
1）theabilitytomakedecisionsandtakeactionwithoutwaitingforsb、totellyouwhattodo主动;首创精神
---Ifyoushowthatyouhaveinitiative,youwillsoonerorlaterbepromoted、
---Theworkersareabletosolvetheproblemsontheirowninitiative、
2）usedinthephrase"taketheinitiative":
bethefirstpersontotakeactiontoimproveasituationorrelationship,esp、whenotherpeoplearewaitingforsb、elsetodosth、采取主动
---Hetooktheinitiativeinorganizingapartyafterhisbrotherswedding、'
10、（L17-18）Allitwoulddoisslowdowntherateofchange、Whyisthereno“to”between“is”and“slow”?
When“do”appearsinthesubjectofasentence,thesign“to”ofaninfinitivewhichisusedasthepredicativecanbeomitted、
--Thefirstthinghedidwas（to）lookforaguide、
--Allwecoulddonowis（to）remaincool-headed、
11、（L18）rate:
n、
1）value,cost,speed,et、cmeasuredbyitsrelationtosomeotheramoun、t比率;速度;价格
---Theworld'sforestsaredisappearingatanevenfasterratethanexpertshadthou、ght---出生率就是出生人数与人口数之比、
Thebirthrateisthenumberofbirthscomparedtothenumberofthepeop、le
2）ofthe（numbered）quality等级
---afirst-rateperformer
Para、3
12、（L20）ensure:
v、makesure;guarante、e保证,确保,使安全,保证得到
---Thenewtreatywillensurepeace、
---我不能确保她能及时到这儿、
Ican'tensurethathewillbehereintime、
13、（L22）informed:
adj、knowingthings;havingalltheinformati
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