高中英语名词性从句总结及真题演练.docx
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高中英语名词性从句总结及真题演练
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。
名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
1.连接词that,whether/if(that不充当从句的任何成分,只起连接作用)
2.连接代词:
what/whatever(引导从句,同时在句中做主语、宾语、表语、定语),who/whoever(主语、宾语),whom/whomever(宾语),whose(定语),which/whichever(定语)在句子中做成分,并且可以翻译成具体的汉语意思
3.连接副词:
when,where,how,why在句中做状语,并且可以翻译成具体的汉语意思
一.主语从句
主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句,通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替,而本身放在句子末尾。
1.用it作形式主语的结构
(1)Itis+名词+从句
Itisafactthat…事实是…
Itisanhonorthat…非常荣幸
Itiscommonknowledgethat…是常识
Itiscommonknowledgethattheearthisround.
注意:
Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc.)that…(should)dosth
(2)Itis+形容词+从句
Itisnaturalthat…很自然…
Itisstrangethat…奇怪的是…
注意:
It'snecessary/important/vital/essential/natural/strange/urgent(紧急的)that···shoulddosth·
It’simportantthatyou(should)learnEnglishwell.
ItisobviousthatthemanagerofthecoffeeshopwaswaitingforLiFangtoleave.
(3)Itis+不及物动词+从句(此结构中的主语从句不可提前)
Itseemsthat…似乎…
Ithappenedthat…碰巧…
Itappearsthat…似乎…
Itoccurstosbthat某人突然想到
ItoccurredtomethatIleftthebagonthetrain.
Itseems/appearsthatitisgoingtorain.
Ithappensthatweareinthesamestore.
(4)Itis+过去分词+从句结构中的主语从句不可提前
Itisreportedthat…据报道…
Ithasbeenprovedthat…已证实…
Itissaidthat…据说…
Itissaidthathehasgoneabroad.
Itisreportedthatthebankhasbeenrobbed.
注意:
Itisdemanded/suggested/advised/ordered/commanded/insisted(that)we(should)geteverythingreadybytheendoftheweek.
※注意:
主语从句中that不可省略
2.It作形式主语引导的主语从句和it引导强调句的比较
It作形式主语代替主语从句,主要是为了平衡句子结构,主语从句的连接词没有变化。
而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调,无论强调的是什么成分,都可用连词that。
被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。
辨别下列句子是强调句还是主语从句:
a)Itisapitythatyoudidn’tgotoseethefilm.你不去看那场电影真可惜。
__________
b)Itdoesn’tinterestmewhetheryousucceedornot. 我对你成功与否不感兴趣。
_______________
c)Itisinthemorningthatthemurdertookplace. 谋杀案是在早上发生的。
________________
d)ItisJohnthatbrokethewindow. 是John打碎的窗户.___________________
练习:
1.____fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.
AWhatBThatCThisDWhich
2.___wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan_____wehave.
AWhat,whatBWhat,thatCThat,thatDThat,what
3.(10北京)somepeopleregardasadrawback(障碍)isseenasaplusbymanyothers.
A.WhetherB.WhatC.ThatD.How
4.(10浙江)Itisuncertainsideeffect(副作用)themedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.
A.thatB.whatC.howD.whether
5(2011北京卷)22.__________BarbaraJonesofferstoherfansishonestyandhappiness.
A.WhichB.WhatC.ThatD.Whom
参考答案:
1-5:
BABBB
二.宾语从句
宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句,通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。
1.作动词的宾语
(1)由that引导的宾语从句(that通常可以省略),但是第二层宾语从句中的that不可省略例如:
Iheard(that)bejoinedthearmy.我听说他参军了。
Iknow(that)heisgoodatEnglishandthathelikessingingEnglishsongs.
Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimandwhatyouhavetoldhim.
=Sheispleasedwithwhatyouhavegivenhimandallthatyouhavetoldhim
(2)由what,whether(if)引导的宾语从句,例如:
a)Shedidnotknowwhathadhappened. 她不知道发生了什么。
b)Iwonderwhetheryoucanchangethisnoteforme. 我想知道你是否能帮我改一下笔记。
(3)动词+间接宾语+宾语从句。
例如:
Shetoldmethatshewouldacceptmyinvitation. 她对我说她会接受我的邀请。
2.作介词的宾语,例如:
Oursuccessdependsuponhowwellwecancooperatewithoneanother. 我们的成功取决于我们之间的合作。
3.作形容词的宾语,例如:
Iamafraid(that)I’vemadeamistake. 我恐怕我已经犯了一个错误。
Maryisafraidofthatsomeonemightrecognizeher.(╳)要去掉of
Maryisafraid(that)someonemightrecognizeher.(√)
Iamgladthathewinsthemedal.
4.it可以作为形式宾语
it不仅可以作为形式主语,还可以作为形式宾语而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾,特别是在带复合宾语的句子中。
常见的结构有:
think/believe/find+it+adj/名词+that从句或者todosth例如:
Wehearditthatshewouldgetmarriednextmonth.我听说她下个朋就会结婚了。
Ithinkitimportant/anecessitythatyoungpeoplemastertwolanguages.
5..否定的转移
若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,fancy,guess,imagine等,其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义,一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上,从句谓语用肯定式。
例如:
Idon’tthinkthatsheknowsit,doesshe?
比较:
Yousaidrunningandjumpingwereathleticevents,didn’tyou?
Mrs.Blackdoesn’tbelievehersonisabletodesignadigitalcamera(数码相机),doesshe?
6.doyouthink/doyoubelieve/doyousuppose/doyousuggest做插入语时用陈述语序
Whydoyouthinkheisupset?
Whomdoyoubelievehe’llgoforawalkwith?
Whatdoyouthinkiswrongwiththemachine?
=Whatdoyouthinkisthematterwiththemachine?
Whodoyousuggestbeelected?
7.宾语从句中要用陈述语序
DoyouknowwhereJim’sfatherworks?
Couldyoutellmewhenheboughtthisnewbike?
Doyouknowwhatiswrongwiththemachine?
=Doyouknowwhat’sthematterwiththemachine
8.doubt/benotsure+whether/if........
don’tdoubt/besurethat.......
doubt用于疑问句和否定句用that;用于肯定句用whether/if.
Idoubt/amdoubtfulwhether/ifhecanpasstheexam.
Idon’tdoubtthathewillpasstheexam
Canyoudoubtthathewillwin?
9.省略结构
I’mafraid/guess/fearnot
Ihope/believe/suppose/think/amafraidso
Ihopenot/believenot/thinknot=Idon’tthinkbelieve/think/hopeso
10.注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用不同时态。
Iknow(that)hewillstudyEnglishnextyear.
Iknow(that)hehaslearnedEnglishfor10yearssincemiddleschool.
Iknow(that)youareright.
当主句动词是过去时态(could,would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。
例如:
TheteachertoldusthatTomhadleftusforAmerica.
Theteachertoldusthattheearthisround.
11.宾语从句中注意它的插入语
1)Doyouknow_________heexpectswillgiveusatalk?
A.whoB.whomC.thatD.why
2)Afterfivehour'sdrive,theyreached_____theythoughtwastheplacethey'dbeendreamingof.
A.whatB.whereC.whichD.that
3)Manypeoplethoughtlittleofme,butIdidwhat______.
A.IthoughtIwasright B.Ithoughtitwasright
C.Ithoughtwasright D.Iwasthoughtright
参考答案:
1)A2)A3)C.
※注意:
用于表示建议、命令、要求的动词的宾语从句中。
表示建议、命令的动词有suggest/advise/recommend/propose表“建议”时,order/command/direct(命令),demand/require/request((要求)urge(力劝),desire(渴望)insist(表“坚决要求”含义时)等词的宾语从句的谓语应由“should+动词原形”构成,此时should可省略。
HesuggestedthatI(should)dotheJob.=HissuggestionisthatIdothejob=HegivesasuggestionthatIdothejob.
三.表语从句
表语从句在复合句中作表语的名词性从句,放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+连系动词+表语从句”。
可以接表语从句的连系动词有be,感官系动词look/sound/taste/smell/feel,其他的系动词:
remain,seem,asif等。
另外,常用的结构有:
Thereasonwhy。
。
。
isthat…和Itisbecause等结构。
注意:
表语从句中that不可省略。
1)Thequestioniswhetherwecanmakegoodpreparationinsuchashorttime.
2)Thisiswhywecan’tgetthesupportofthepeople.
3)Butthefactremainsthatwearebehindtheotherclasses.
4)Thereasonwhyheislateforschoolisthathemissedtheearlybus.
5)Heisabsentfromclass.Itisbecauseheislate.
※6)Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremainwhere(不可以用what)shewas.
※7)Whynottryyourluckinthedowntown.That’swhere(不可以用what)thebestjobsare.
※8)Thatiswhere(不可以用what)Idon’tagree.
※9)Thecityisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.
※10)Heisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.
※注意:
名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice等词后的表语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为should+do,should可省略
HissuggestionisthatI(should)becalmnow.
四.同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1.同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对于名词进一步解释,说明名词的具体内容,一般由that引导,例如:
1)Thekinggaveadecisionthattheprisonerwouldbesetfreesurprisedallthepeople.
2)Theorderthatallthesoldiersshouldstaystillisgivenbythegeneral(将军).
2.同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而是被别的词隔开。
例如:
HegotthenewsfromMarythatthesportsmeetingwasputoff.
3.同位语从句的格式:
n.+连接词+从句
4..能接同位语从句的名词有:
fact,idea,news,information,order,belief,suggestion,advice等抽象名词.
5..连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用whether,what,when,where等来引导同位语从句.
1).Ihavenoidea_________hecomesfrom.
2).Hecan’tanswerthequestion________hegotthemoney.
3).Hegaveusmanysuggestions________weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.
4).Ihavenodoubt________hewillwin.
5).Ihavesomedoubt________hewillwin.
6)Hissuccesswasbecauseofthefact_______hehadbeenworkinghard.
参考答案:
1).where2).how3).that4).that5).whether/if6)that
注意:
同位语从句与定语从句的区别
1.定语从句中的that既代替先行词,同时以在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语),作宾语时可以省略that而同位语从句中的that是连词,只起连接主句与从句的作用,不充当句中任何成分,而且不可省略。
2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明,表明中心词的具体内容。
引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略.
辨别下列从句是定语从句还是同位语从句:
1.Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.
2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.
3.Theinformationhasbeenannounced(宣布)thatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity.
4..Theinformationthatherevealed(泄露)atthemeetingisofgreatvalue.
参考答案:
1.定语从句2.同位语从句3.同位语从句4.定语从句
※注意:
名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为should+do,should可省略
Hegivesusasuggestionthatweshouldgetupat6.
五.名词性从句中易混点和难点
1.that和what都可引导所有的名词从句。
但是,what除起连接作用外,还在名词性从句中充当成分,可做从句的主语、宾语、表语或定语。
而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分,只起连接作用。
1).______hewantsisabook.
2).______hewantstogothereisobvious.
3).Theresultis______wewonthegame.
4).Thisis_____wewanttoknow.
5).Is_____hetoldustrue?
6).Weshouldpayattentionto______theteacherissaying.
7).Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.
8).Ihavenoidea_____hedidthatafternoon.
9)Theshockingnewsmadmerealize________terribleproblemswewouldface.
10).Itisuncertainsideeffect(副作用)themedicinewillbringabout,althoughabouttwothousandpatientshavetakenit.
11)Itisnotalwayseasyforthepublictosee_______useanewinventioncanbeoftohumanlife.
参考答案:
1).what2).that3).that4).what5).what6).what7).that8).what