afterclass reading.docx

afterclass reading.docx

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afterclassreading

After-ClassReading

PassageIAthletesShouldNotBeRoleModels

witnessv.:

1.toseesomethinghappen,especiallyacrimeoraccident,becauseyouarepresentwhenithappens目击，亲眼看见

1）Severalresidentsclaimtohavewitnessedtheattack.

2）Thenovelisbasedonaneventthathehimselfhaswitnessed.

2.tobepresentatthetimeofandnotice亲身经历

1）Recentyearshavewitnessedagrowingsocialmobility.

2）Theretailtradeiswitnessingasharpfallinsales.

somethingofashockorsurprise:

usedlike“rather”toemphasizetheeffectofsomething颇有几分，多少有点

1）Thenewscameassomethingofasurprise.

2）Itwassomethingofashocktohimtorealizehowfondofthelittleboyhehadbecome.

somethingofagardener/anexpert:

toknowalotaboutsomethingortobeverygoodatsomething堪称（算得上）园艺家/专家

1）Charlie’salwaysbeensomethingofanexpertonarchitecture.

2）I’msomethingofanexpertoncomputers.

transformv.:

convert,revolutionize,turn…into使改观，使变形，使转化

e.g.Increasedpopulationhastransformedthelandscape.

e.g.Itwasaneventthatwouldtransformmylife.

e.g.Thecompanyhasbeentransformedfromafamilybusinesstoamulti-million-poundoperation.

outlookn.:

1.theattitudetolifeandtheworldofaparticularperson,grouporculture看法，观点；

1）Hehadapracticaloutlookonlife.

2）MostWesternsocietiesareliberalinoutlook.

3）He’sgotagoodoutlookonlife.

2.theprobablefutureforsomebody/something;whatislikelytohappen;prospect前景，远景

1）Theoutlookforjobsisbleak.

2）Theoutlook（=theprobableweather）fortheweekendisdryandsunny.

3.aviewfromaparticularplace景色，风光

e.g.Thehousehasapleasantoutlookoverthevalley.

ontopofsth./sb.:

1.inadditiontosomething/somebody除······之外

1）Ontopofborrowing$100,sheaskedmetolendhermycar.

2）Wemissedthetrain,andontopofthatwehadtowaitfortwohoursforthenextone.

2.overorabovesomething/somebody在······之上

e.g.Putthisrecordontopoftheothers.

e.g.Heputhisbooksontopofhers.

3.veryclosetosomething/somebody非常接近

e.g.Wewerealllivingontopofeachotherinthattinyapartment.

e.g.Thetruckwasalmostontopofus.

4.incontrolofasituation控制（局面）

e.g.Doyouthinkhe’sreallyontopofhisjob?

e.g.Don’tworry;I’mbackontopofthingsnow.

shieldv.:

protect,guard保护，保卫

1）Hehelduphishands,shieldinghiseyesfromthesun.

2）Policebelievethatsomebodyisshieldingthekiller.

3）Youcan’tshieldherfromthetruthforever.

givenprep.:

takingsomethingintoaccount考虑到

1）Giventhecircumstances,you’vedonereallywell.

2）Giventhatthepatientshavesomedisabilities,westilltrytoenablethemtobeasindependentaspossible.

deformv.:

ifyoudeformsomething,orifitdeforms,itsusualshapechangessothatitsusefulnessorappearanceisspoiled使······变形，毁坏······的外观

1）Wearingbadly-fittingshoescandeformourfeet.

2）Thediseaseoftencausesjointstodeform.

looktosb./sth.:

todependonsomeonetoprovidehelp,adviceetc.指望，依靠

1）Welooktoyouforsupport.

2）They’relookingtothenewmanagertomakethecompanyprofitable.

DIFFICULTSENTENCES:

1.Thesedaystherearesomanystoriesaboutthecriminalactivitiesofathletesthatsportspagesarebeginningtolooklikepolicereports.（l.1-2）近来，关于体育运动中犯罪行为的报道特别多，以致于报纸的体育版面开始像警方报告栏。

2.Inanincreasinglycomplicatedanddisorderlyworld,sportsarestillanarenainwhichwecanregularlywitnessacertainkindofgreatness.（l.8-10）在这个日益复杂和无序的世界，体育仍是我们能时常目睹某一种伟大表现的竞技场。

3.Yetthere’ssomethingofaparadoxhere,fortheveryqualitiesasocietytendstoseekinitsheroes—selflessness,socialconsciousness,andthelike—arepreciselytheoppositeofthoseneededtotransformedatalentedbutotherwiseunremarkableneighborhoodkidintoaMichaelJordan.（l.11-14）然而，这里却有些自相矛盾，因为社会往往在英雄身上寻求的那些品质——大公无私、社会意识，等等——与把一个有天分但原本并不起眼的街坊小孩变成迈克尔·乔丹所需的那些品质正好相反。

4.Theylearnveryquicklythattheywillbeacceptedbytheimportantfiguresintheirlives—parents,coachesandpeersaslongastheyareperceivedas“winners”.（l.23-25）他们很快发现，只要他们被看作是“胜利者”，就会被自己生活中的重要人物——父母、教练和朋友——所接受。

e.g.Youmayusethebookasyoulike,as/solongasyoukeepitclean.你尽管用这本书，只要别把它弄脏。

e.g.Thestormlastedaslongas7days.风暴持续了7天之久。

5.Youngathleteslearnthatsuccess,ratherthanhardandhonestplay,iswhatbringsrewards. （l.27-28）年轻运动员认为，是成功，而不是努力和诚实的比赛，能为他们带来回报。

1）Itwasthecolorofthatdress,ratherthanthestylethatattractedme.是那件衣服的颜色而非款式吸引了我。

2）Helayratherthansatinhisarmchair.他是躺在而非坐在扶手椅里。

Note:

“rather…than”也可分开用，表示“宁可······而不；

是······而不是······；最好······而不······”，连接动词原形。

1）Iwouldratherdiethansurrender.我宁死不屈。

2）IwouldratherstayathomethangooutshoppingonSunday.星期天我宁可呆在家里也不愿上街购物。

6.It’snotunheard-offorathleticdepartmentstafftowakeupathletesinthemorningandtotakethemtoclass.（l.36-37）体育部的老师早晨去把运动员们叫醒并把他们带到课堂上，这种事情并非闻所未闻。

7.Giventhissituation,it’snottoosurprisingthatmanyyoungAmericanathleteslackafullydevelopedunderstandingofrightandwrong.（l.38-39）考虑到这种情况，许多美国年轻运动员缺乏成熟的是非观也就不足为奇了。

e.g.Giventheirexperience,they’vedoneagoodjob.考虑到他们经验不足，这工作他们做得已是相当不错了。

8.Shereportsthatintheareaofmoralreasoning,athletesinvariablyscorelowerthannon-athletes—andthattheygrowworsethelongertheyparticipateinathletics.（l.41-43）她报告说，在伦理道德这一方面，运动员总是比非运动员得分低，而且他们从事体育运动时间越长，得分越低。

1）Themorelearnedamanis,themoremodestheis.

2）Thehigherthetemperature（is）,thegreaterthepressure（is）.

3）Theearlier（itis）,thebetter（itis）.

Note:

有时主句在前，用正常语序，即“主语+谓语+（the）+比较级”句型来表达。

而从句在后，仍用“themore…”形式。

本课这一句就是用了这种句型。

Mostpeoplefindthattimegoesbymorequickly,theoldertheyget.

9.Blessedwithmoneyandfameenoughtolastalifetime,hespenthistimeoutsidetheringacquiringanddiscardingtheobjectsofhisdesire:

houses,automobiles,jewelry,clothes,andwomen.（l.54-56）由于他一生可享尽荣华富贵，因此他把拳击场外的时间都花在追求和抛弃他想要的东西上：

房子、汽车、珠宝、衣服和女人。

10.Frustratedbytheold-boynetworkbywhichMinnesotajudgeswerealwaysappointed,PagechallengedthesystemincourtandwaseventuallyelectedjudgeintheSupremeCourt.（l.68-72）明尼苏达州总是由联谊会任命法官，由于对这一体制不满，佩奇在法庭上对此提出质疑，并最终当选为最高法院的法官。

Passage2PlayingtoWin

strikesb.assth.:

impresssb.inthewayspecified给人······的印象

1）Howdoestheideastrikeyou?

2）Aratherworryingthoughtstruckme.

3）Thefirstthingthatstruckmewasthefactthattherewerenootherwomenpresent.

Indifferenceadj.:

alackofinterest,feelingorreactiontowardssomething/somebody缺乏兴趣，漠不关心

e.g.Whatshesaidisamatterofcompleteindifferencetome.

e.g.Theirfathertreatedthemwithindifference.

e.g.Whetheryoustayorleaveisamatteroftotalindifferencetome.

e.g.Americahasahistoryofindifferencetoracialdiscrimination.

revivev.:

tobecome,ortomakesomething/somebodybecome,consciousorhealthyandstrongagain使苏醒，使复原

1）Theflowerssoonrevivedinwater.

2）Theeconomyisbeginningtorevive.

3）ThemovierevivesAli’sreputationasaboxer.

dawnonsb.:

somebodyrealizessomethingsuddenly;somethingbecomesevidenttosomebody开始明白（某个事实），醒悟

1）Thetruthbegantodawnonhim.

2）Itfinallydawned（onme）thathehadbeenlying.

3）Suddenlyitdawnedonmethattheycouldn’tpossiblyhavemetbefore.

4）ItdawnedonmethatJohadbeenrightallalong.

DIFFICULTSENTENCES:

1. Nowadays,thisstatementwon’tstrikemanyparentsasunusual,butitdoesme.（l.1-2）现在，这种说法在许多父母看来是很平常的，但我却认为不寻常。

2.Andasmanyyoungwomenknow,itisconsideredasatisfactoryaccomplishmenttobeprettyandstaypretty.（l.9-10）许多年轻女性都有知道，天生丽质并永葆青春靓丽被看作是一件令人满意的成就。

3.Thefirstindicationthatathleticindifferencehadendedcamewhenshejoinedthehigh-schoolcross-countryteam.（l.14-16）她对体育开始感兴趣的最初迹象是她加入学校越野队的时候。

4.Afteroneofthose3.1-mileracesupanddownhillonarainyNovemberafternoon,Anncamehomemuddyandbedraggled.（l.17-18）在十一月一个雨天的下午，跑过3.1英里崎岖的山路之后，安回到家里，浑身是泥，衣衫不整。

e.g.Theycametothemeetingfullofexpectationsandleftdisappointed.

e.g.Afterahardjourney,theyarrivedhometooexhaustedtospeakaword.

5.“Ilovesports,”shetellsanyonewhowilllisten.SodoI,thoughmymidlifequestforadoctorateleavesmelittletimeforeitherplayingorwatching.（l.23-24）“我喜欢体育”，她对任何愿听她说的人都这么说。

我也喜欢体育，虽然我人到中年仍在攻读博士学位，这使我几乎没有时间参加或观看体育比赛。

6.Myhusband,forexample,talkedtoAnndifferentlywhenherealizedthatshewasaseriouscompetitorandnotjustsomeonewhowantedtogetinshapesoshe’dlookgoodinapromdress.（l.34-36）此句中so后省略了that，“sothat”引导表示结果或目的的状语从句。

比如我丈夫，当他意识到安是一个非常认真的竞赛者，而不只是一个想保持好体形，以便穿上舞会礼服时会显得窕窈美丽的女孩时，他与她谈话的方式不同了。

7.Notthatdangersdon’tlurkforthefemalesofhergeneration.（l.53）并不是说，对于她这一代女孩子来说没有潜伏的危险。

e.g.Ifheeversaidso—notthatIeverheardhimsayso—hetoldalie.

如果他是那样说——并不是我曾听他说过的那样——他就是撒谎。

Note:

“notthat…but（that）…”是“不是······而是······”的意思，一般表示原因。

e.g.I’mafraidIcan’tacceptyourinvitation.NotthatIamunwillingtogo,but（that）Iamreallybusythesedays.

我恐怕不能接受你的邀请，不是我不愿去，而是我最近实在太忙了。

8.ThenIseeAnnwithagreathairdokissingthedrone“goodbyehoney”andsettingofftothenearestmalltospendmoneywithherbeautifulfriends.（l.56-58）然后我看见安梳着新发型，与那个家伙亲吻说“再见，宝贝”后，就与她那些漂亮的朋友们一起到最近的商场购物去了。

9.Whathasstruckme,amazedme,andmademeholdmybreathinwonderandinhopeisboththeidealofsportandtherealityofayounggirlnotafraidtodoherbest.（l.85-87）追求运动的理想及一个年轻女孩勇于竭尽全力的这一现实，使我感动、让我惊奇、让我充满希望，并让我惊叹的说不出话来。