第四版语言学教程答案.docx

第四版语言学教程答案.docx

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第四版语言学教程答案

第四版语言学教程答案

【篇一：

语言学教程（胡壮麟版）综合测试题含标准答案】

class=txt>英语语言学试卷

（一）

第一部分选择题

i.directions:

readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.

decidewhichoneofthefour

choicesbestcompletesthestatementandputthelettera,b,c

ordinthebrackets.

（2%x10=20%）

1.saussure'sdistinctionandchomsky'sareverysimilar,but

theydifferinthat.a.

saussuretookasociologicalviewoflanguagewhilechomsky

tookapsychologicalpointofview

b.saussuretookapsychologicalviewoflanguagewhile

chomskytookasociologicalpointof

view

c.saussuretookapragmaticviewoflanguagewhilechomsky

tookasemanticpointofview

d.saussuretookastructuralviewoflanguagewhilechomsky

tookapragmaticpointofview

2.languageisasystemofvocalsymbolsused

forhumancommunication.a.

unnaturalb.artificial

c.superficiald.arbitrary

3.wearebornwiththeabilitytoacquirelanguage,

a.andthedetailsofanylanguagesystemaregeneticallytransmitted

b.therefore,weneedn'tlearnthedetailsofourmothertongue

c.butthedetailsoflanguagehavetobelearnt.

d.andthedetailsareacquiredbyinstinct

4.a（n）isaphonologicalunitofdistinctivevalue.itis

acollectionofdistinctive

phoneticfeatures.a.phoneb.allophonec.phonemed.sound

5.themorpheme-edintheword“worked”isa（n）

morpheme.a.derivational

b.inflectional

c.freed.word-forming

6.wh-movementisinenglishwhichchangesa

sentencefromaffirmativetointerrogative.a.obligatoryb.optional

c.selectionald.arbitrary

7.namingtheory,oneoftheoldestnotionsconcerningmeaning,wasproposedby

.a.griceb.platoc.saussured.ogdenandrichards

8.“johnmarriedablondheiress.”“johnmarrieda

blond.”a.issynonymouswith

b.isinconsistentwith

c.entailsd.presupposes

9.insemanticanalysisofasentence,thebasicunitiscalled,whichisthe

abstractionofthemeaningofasentence.a.utteranceb.reference

c.predicationd.morpheme

10.inaustin'sspeechacttheory,istheactof

expressingthespeaker'sintention;it

istheactperformedinsayingsomething.a.aperlocutionaryactb.alocutionaryact

c.aconstativeactd.anillocutionaryact第二部分非选择题

ii.directions:

fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.notethatyouaretofillinonewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.（1%x10=10%）

11.prelatesthestudyoflanguageto

psychology.itaimstoanswersuchquestionsashowthehumanmindworkswhenpeopleuselanguage.

12.adstudyoflanguageisahistoricalstudy;it

studiesthehistoricaldevelopmentoflanguageoveraperiodoftime.

13.languageisasystem,whichconsistsoftwosetsofstructures,ortwolevels.atthelowerlevel,

thereisastructureofmeaninglesssounds,whichcanbecombinedintoalargenumberof

meaningfulunitsatthehigherlevel.thisdesignfeatureiscalledd.

14.thearticulatoryapparatusofahumanbeingiscontainedinthreeimportantareas:

thepharyngealcavity,theocavityandthenasalcavity.

15.thelocalizationofcognitiveandperceptualfunctionsinaparticularhemisphereofthebrainiscalledl.

16.sfeaturessuchasstress,toneand

intonationcaninfluencetheinterpretationofmeaning.

17.phrasestructurerulescangenerateaninfinitenumberofsentences,andsentenceswithinfinitelength,duetotheirrproperties.

18.hreferstothephenomenonthatwordshaving

differentmeaningsareidenticalinsoundorspelling,orinboth.

19.someimportantmissionsofhistoricallinguistsaretoidentifyandclassifyfamiliesofrelatedlanguagesinagenealogicalfamilytree,andtoreconstructthep

theoriginalformofalanguagefamilythathasceasedtoexist.

iii.directions:

judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.putatfortrueorfforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.（2%x10=20%）

（）21.linguistsbelievethatwhateveroccursinthelanguagepeopleuseshouldbedescribedandanalyzedintheirinvestigation.

（）22.languageisarbitraryinthesensethatthereisnointrinsicconnectionbetweenwordsandwhatthesewordsactuallyreferto.

（）23.theconclusionswereachaboutthephonologyofonelanguagecanbegeneralizedintothestudyofanotherlanguage.

（）24.themeaning-distinctivefunctionofthetoneisespeciallyimportantinenglishbecauseenglish,unlikechinese,isatypicaltonelanguage.

（）25.thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,andyetthereisnolimittothenumberofsentencesnativespeakersofthatlanguageareabletoproduceandcomprehend.

（）26.whenwethinkofaconcept,weactuallytrytoseetheimageofsomethinginourmind'seyeeverytimewecome

acrossalinguisticsymbol.

（）27.allutterancescanberestoredtocompletesentences.

forexample,“goodmorning!

”canberestoredto“iwishyoua

goodmorning.”

（）28.twopeoplewhoarebornandbroughtupinthesametownandspeakthesameregionaldialectmayspeakdifferentlybecauseofanumberofsocialfactors.

（）29.blackenglishislinguisticallyinferiortostandardenglishbecauseblackenglishisnotassystematicasstandardenglish.

（）30.anychildwhoiscapableofacquiringsomeparticularhumanlanguageiscapableofacquiringanyhumanlanguagespontaneouslyandeffortlessly.

iv.directions:

explainthefollowingterms.（3%x10=30%）

31.parole:

32.broadtranscription:

33.allophones:

34.phrasestructurerules:

35.context

36.historicallinguistics:

37.standardlanguage:

38.linguistictaboo:

39.acculturation:

40.care-takerspeech:

v.answerthefollowingquestions.（10%x2=20%）

41.enumeratethreecausesthatleadtothesystematicoccurrenceoferrorsinsecondlanguageacquisitionandgiveyourexamples.

42.englishhasundergonetremendouschangessinceitsanglo-saxondays.identifythemajorperiodsinitshistoricaldevelopmentandnamemajorhistoricaleventsthatledtothetransitionfromoneperiodtothenext.

英语语言学试卷答案

（一）第一部分选择题

i.directions:

readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.decidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputthelettera,b,cordinthebrackets.（2%x10=20%）

1.a2.d3.c4.c5.b6.a7.b8.c9.c10.d第二部分非选择题

ii.directions:

fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.notethatyouaretofillinonewordonly,andyouarenot

【篇二：

语言学课后答案4】

thestudyoftherulesgoverningthewaysdifferentconstituentsarecombinedtoformsentencesinalanguage,orthestudyoftheinterrelationshipsbetweenelementsinsentencestructures.

co-occurrence:

itmeansthatwordsofdifferentsetsofclausesmaypermit,orrequire,theoccurrenceofawordofanothersetorclasstoformasentenceoraparticularpartofasentence.forinstance,whatcanprecedeanoun（dog）isusuallythedeterminersandadjectives,andwhatcanfollowitwhenittakesthepositionofsubjectwillbepredicatorssuchasbark,bite,run,etc.inshort,cooccurrenceisthesyntacticenvironmentinwhichaconstruction,withitsrelevantelements,canappeargrammaticallyandconventionally.thusrelationsofco-occurrencepartlybelongtosyntagmaticrelations,partlytoparadigmaticrelations.

—the

construction:

itreferstoanysyntacticconstructwhichisassignedoneormoreconventionalfunctionsinalanguage,togetherwithwhateverislinguisticallyconventionalizedaboutitscontributiontothemeaningoruseconstructcontains.itcanbefurtherdividedintotheexternalandinternalproperties.takesentencetheboykickedtheballasanexample,wewilldeterminetheexternalsyntaxasanindependentclause,whilenp（—theboyII）,vp（—kickedII）andnp（

ball||）willbeassignedrespectivelytothedifferentelementsinthisclause.

constituent:

constituentisatermusedinstructuralsentenceanalysisforeverylinguisticunit,whichisapartofalarger

linguisticunit.severalconstituentstogetherformaconstruction:

forexample,inthesentencetheboyatetheapple,s（a）,theboy（b）,atetheapple（c）,eachpartisaconstituent.constituentscanbejoinedtogetherwithotherconstituentstoformlargerunits.iftwoconstituents,inthecaseoftheexampleabove,b（theboy）andc（atetheapple）,arejoinedtoforma

hierarchicallyhigherconstituenta（—sII,hereasentence）,

thenbandcaresaidtobeimmediateconstituentsofa.

endocentric:

endocentricconstructionisonewhosedistributionis

functionallyequivalenttothatofoneormoreofitsconstituents,i.e.,awordoragroupofwords,whichservesasadefinablecentreorhead.inthephrasetwoprettygirls,girlsisthecentreorheadofthisphraseorwordgroup.

exocentric:

exocentricconstructionreferstoagroupofsyntacticallyrelatedwordswherenoneofthewordsisfunctionallyequivalenttothegroupasawhole,thatis,thereisnodefinablecentreorheadinsidethegroup.exocentricconstructionusuallyincludesbasicsentence,prepositionalphrase,predicate（verb+object）construction,andconnective（be+complement）construction.inthesentenceawhole.

coordination:

acommonsyntacticpatterninenglishandotherlanguagesisformedbygroupingtogethertwoormorecategoriesofthesametypewiththehelpofaconjunctionsuchasand,butoror.thisphenomenonisknownascoordination.intheconstructiontheladyorthetiger,bothnpstheladyandthetigerhaveequivalentsyntacticstatus,eachoftheseparateconstituentscanstandfortheoriginalconstructionfunctionally.

subordination:

subordinationreferstotheprocessorresultoflinkinglinguisticunitssothattheyh