第四版语言学教程答案.docx

1、第四版语言学教程答案第四版语言学教程答案【篇一：语言学教程 (胡壮麟版 )综合测试题含标准答案】class=txt 英语语言学试卷(一)第一部分 选择题i.directions: read each of the following statements carefully.decide which one of the fourchoices best completes the statement and put the letter a, b, cor d in the brackets.(2%x10=20%)1.saussure s distinction and chomsky s

2、are very similar, butthey differ in that . a.saussure took a sociological view of language while chomskytook a psychological point of viewb.saussure took a psychological view of language whilechomsky took a sociological point ofviewc.saussure took a pragmatic view of language while chomskytook a sem

3、antic point of viewd.saussure took a structural view of language while chomskytook a pragmatic point of view2.language is a system of vocal symbols usedfor human communication. a.unnatural b. artificialc. superficiald. arbitrary3.we are born with the ability to acquire language,a.and the details of

4、any language system are genetically transmittedb.therefore, we needn t learn the details of our mother tonguec.but the details of language have to be learnt.d. and the details are acquired by instinct4.a(n) is a phonological unit of distinctive value. it isa collection of distinctivephonetic feature

5、s. a. phone b. allophone c. phoneme d. sound5.the morpheme - ed in the word “ worked ” is a(n) morpheme. a. derivationalb. inflectionalc. free d. word-forming6.wh-movement is in english which changes asentence from affirmative to interrogative. a. obligatoryb. optionalc. selectional d. arbitrary7.na

6、ming theory, one of the oldest notions concerning meaning, was proposed by . a. griceb. plato c. saussured. ogden and richards8.“ john married a blond heiress. ” “ john married ablond. ” a. is synonymous withb. is inconsistent withc. entails d. presupposes9.in semantic analysis of a sentence, the ba

7、sic unit is called , which is theabstraction of the meaning of a sentence. a. utterance b. referencec. predicationd. morpheme10.in austin s speech act theory, is the act ofexpressing the speaker s intention; itis the act performed in saying something. a. a perlocutionary act b. a locutionary actc. a

8、 constative actd. an illocutionary act 第二部分 非选择题ii.directions: fill in the blank in each of the following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. note that you are to fill in one word only, and you are not allowed to change the letter given. (1%x10=10%)11. p r

9、elates the study of language topsychology. it aims to answer such questions as how the human mind works when people use language.12.a d study of language is a historical study; itstudies the historical development of language over a period of time.13.language is a system, which consists of two sets

10、of structures, or two levels. at the lower level,there is a structure of meaningless sounds, which can be combined into a large number ofmeaningful units at the higher level. this design feature is called d .14.the articulatory apparatus of a human being is contained in three important areas: the ph

11、aryngeal cavity, the o cavity and the nasal cavity.15.the localization of cognitive and perceptual functions in a particular hemisphere of the brain is called l .16.s features such as stress, tone andintonation can influence the interpretation of meaning.17.phrase structure rules can generate an inf

12、inite number of sentences, and sentences with infinite length, due to their r properties.18.h refers to the phenomenon that words havingdifferent meanings are identical in sound or spelling, or in both.19.some important missions of historical linguists are to identify and classify families of relate

13、d languages in a genealogical family tree, and to reconstruct the p the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist.iii.directions: judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. put a t for true or f for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%x10=20%)

14、( ) 21. linguists believe that whatever occurs in the language people use should be described and analyzed in their investigation.( ) 22. language is arbitrary in the sense that there is no intrinsic connection between words and what these words actually refer to.( ) 23. the conclusions we reach abo

15、ut the phonology of one language can be generalized into the study of another language.( ) 24. the meaning-distinctive function of the tone is especially important in english because english, unlike chinese, is a typical tone language.( ) 25. the syntactic rules of any language are finite in number,

16、 and yet there is no limit to the number of sentences native speakers of that language are able to produce and comprehend.( ) 26. when we think of a concept, we actually try to see the image of something in our mind s eye every time we comeacross a linguistic symbol.( ) 27. all utterances can be res

17、tored to complete sentences.for example, “ good morning! ” can be restored to “ i wish you agood morning. ”( ) 28. two people who are born and brought up in the same town and speak the same regional dialect may speak differently because of a number of social factors.( ) 29. black english is linguist

18、ically inferior to standard english because black english is not as systematic as standard english.( ) 30. any child who is capable of acquiring some particular human language is capable of acquiring any human language spontaneously and effortlessly.iv.directions: explain the following terms. (3%x10

19、=30%)31.parole:32.broad transcription:33.allophones:34.phrase structure rules:35.context36.historical linguistics:37.standard language: 38.linguistic taboo:39.acculturation:40.care-taker speech:v.answer the following questions. (10%x2=20%)41.enumerate three causes that lead to the systematic occurre

20、nce of errors in second language acquisition and give your examples.42.english has undergone tremendous changes since its anglo-saxon days. identify the major periods in its historical development and name major historical events that led to the transition from one period to the next.英语语言学试卷答案(一 ) 第

21、一部分 选择题i.directions: read each of the following statements carefully. decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter a, b, c or d in the brackets. (2%x10=20%)1.a 2. d 3. c 4. c 5.b 6. a 7. b 8. c 9. c 10. d 第二部分 非选择题ii. directions: fill in the blank in each of t

22、he following statements with one word, the first letter of which is already given as a clue. note that you are to fill in one word only, and you are not【篇二：语言学课后答案 4】the study of the rules governing the ways different constituents are combined to form sentences in a language, or the study of the int

23、errelationships between elements in sentence structures.co-occurrence: it means that words of different sets of clauses may permit, or require, the occurrence of a word of another set or class to form a sentence or a particular part of a sentence. for instance, what can precede a noun (dog) is usual

24、ly the determiners and adjectives, and what can follow it when it takes the position of subject will be predicators such as bark, bite, run, etc. in short, cooccurrence is the syntactic environment in which a construction, with its relevant elements, can appear grammatically and conventionally. thus

25、 relations of co-occurrence partly belong to syntagmatic relations, partly to paradigmatic relations. theconstruction: it refers to any syntactic construct which is assigned one or more conventional functions in a language, together with whatever is linguistically conventionalized about its contribu

26、tion to the meaning or use construct contains. it can be further divided into the external and internal properties. take sentence the boy kicked the ball as an example, we will determine the external syntax as an independent clause, while np ( the boy II ), vp ( kicked II ) and np (ball | ) will be

27、assigned respectively to the different elements in this clause.constituent: constituent is a term used in structural sentence analysis for every linguistic unit, which is a part of a largerlinguistic unit. several constituents together form a construction: for example, in the sentence the boy ate th

28、e apple, s (a), the boy (b), ate the apple(c), each part is a constituent. constituents can be joined together with other constituents to form larger units. if two constituents, in the case of the example above, b (the boy) and c (ate the apple), are joined to form ahierarchically higher constituent

29、 a ( s II , here a sentence),then b and c are said to be immediate constituents of a.endocentric: endocentric construction is one whose distribution isfunctionally equivalent to that of one or more of its constituents, i.e., a word or a group of words, which serves as a definable centre or head. in

30、the phrase two pretty girls, girls is the centre or head of this phrase or word group.exocentric: exocentric construction refers to a group of syntactically related words where none of the words is functionally equivalent to the group as a whole, that is, there is no definable centre or head inside

31、the group. exocentric construction usually includes basic sentence, prepositional phrase, predicate (verb + object) construction, and connective (be + complement) construction. in the sentence a whole.coordination: a common syntactic pattern in english and other languages is formed by grouping toget

32、her two or more categories of the same type with the help of a conjunction such as and, but or or. this phenomenon is known as coordination. in the construction the lady or the tiger, both nps the lady and the tiger have equivalent syntactic status, each of the separate constituents can stand for the original construction functionally.subordination: subordination refers to the process or result of linking linguistic units so that they h