美国俚语的产生及功能的分析毕业设计.docx

美国俚语的产生及功能的分析毕业设计.docx

《美国俚语的产生及功能的分析毕业设计.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《美国俚语的产生及功能的分析毕业设计.docx（14页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

美国俚语的产生及功能的分析毕业设计

本科毕业论文

美国俚语的产生及功能的分析

OntheOriginsandFunctionalAnalysisofAmericanSlangs

TableofContents

Introduction………………………………………………………………………………………1

Chapter1TheDefinitionofAmericanSlangs……………………………………3

Chapter2TheOriginsofAmericanSlangs………………………………………5

2.1Background…………………………………………………………………………5

2.2TheClassificationoftheOriginsofAmericanslangs……………………………5

2.2.1ForeignLanguageSlangsandAmericanNativeSlang……………………………5

2.3LanguageItself……………………………………………………………………6

2.3.1TheAngleofLinguisticAnalysis…………………………………………………6

2.3.2TheViewpointofSemantic………………………………………………………7

2.4History……………………………………………………………………………7

2.5Culture……………………………………………………………………………7

2.5.1AVarietyofSub-culturalGroupsExist…………………………………………7

2.5.2TheInfiltrationfromAsianCulturaltoDominantCulture………………………8

2.6TheSocialandCulturalConditions……………………………………………8

2.6.1AmericanCultureandtheDiversityofNationalCharacter..........................8

2.6.2NewThingsandNewConcepts..........................................................9

Chapter3TheFunctionofAmericanSlangs................................................9

3.1SocialFunction…………………………………………………………………9

3.1.1StrengthentheInternalCohesion…………………………………………………9

3.1.2AdjustInterpersonalRelationships………………………………………………10

3.1.3MaintainaBalanceofHumanPsychology……………………………………10

3.1.4ReflecttheSpeaker'sPosition………………………………………………11

3.1.5MeetPeople'sSenseofRenewal,ReflectPersonality…………………………11

3.1.6OvercometheCommunicationalBarrier……………………………………12

3.2RefractionFunction……………………………………………………………13

3.2.1RefracttheTrendofOralEnglish…………………………………………13

3.2.2RefracttheOrdinaryLife…………………………………………………………14

3.2.3RefracttheAttitudetotheReality…………………………………………14

Conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………15

Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………16

Bibliography……………………………………………………………………………………17

美国俚语的产生及功能的分析

专业班级：

08级学生姓名：

王彦峰

指导教师：

李国云职称：

讲师

摘要现代美国俚语是一种非书面性语言的创新，是历史和文化的结晶。

简单来说，美国俚语是一种非正式的口语化风格，生动，幽默，创新和夸张等。

俚语是客观存在的被许多人经常使用的语言，是词汇中不可或缺的组成部分，已成为及其重要的交际工具。

但它常常留给人粗俗，轻佻的印象。

实际上，作为人们交际工具的语言，本身没有阶级性。

美国俚语发展迅速，它作为美国文化一种特殊的载体，具有浓厚的文化色彩。

本文将从背景、语言学角度、外来俚语和美语土产俚语、历史，文化以及社会文化等方面分析了美国俚语产生的原因。

另一方面，又将从俚语的社会功能及折射功能来阐述美国俚语存在的价值。

它的社会功能体现在强化集团内部凝聚力、调解人际关系、维持人类心理平衡、满足人们的新鲜感，体现个性,克服交流障碍。

它的折射功能体现在反映了英语口语的发展方向，普通民众的真实生活。

同时它还折射出一种态度：

人们通过语言而表明自己对现实的态度。

关键词：

美国俚语；起源；功能

OntheOriginsandFunctionalAnalysisofAmericanSlangs

AbstractModernAmericanslangisanon-writtenlanguageinnovationandthecrystalofhistoryandculture.Slangisaninformalcolloquialstyle,withlively,humorous,short,innovationandexaggerationandsoon.Slangisanobjectiveexistencewhichisoftenusedbymanypeople,andhasbecomeanintegralcomponentofthelanguageandanimportantcommunicationtool.Butitoftenleavesavulgar,frivolousimpressiontopeople.Infact,asacommunicationtoolforpeople,itcannotberegardedasgoodorbad.Americanslangdevelopsrapidly,whichhasastrongculturalflavorasaspecialcarrier.

ThispaperelaboratesthereasonofAmericanslangoriginsfromthebackgrounds,Languageitself,foreignlanguageslangandAmericannativeslang,history,culture,thesocialandculturalconditions.Ontheotherhand,thispaperanalyzesthesocialfunctionsandtherefractionfunctionstoexpresstheexistencevalues.Itssocialfunctionsincludestrengthentheinternalcohesion.Maintainabalanceofhumanpsychologyetc.TheslangrefractsthetrendoforalEnglishandthelifeofordinarypeople.Atthesametime,itrefractsakindofattitudebywhichthepeopletreatthereality.

KeyWordsAmericanslangs;origin;function

Introduction

InAmerica,moreandmorepeoplearepartialtousingslangintheirdailylifecommunicationandwritingtechnique.Inthepast,people’simpressionofslangmaybethatslangisrude,dirty,andindecent;buttoday,asahighlycolloquialspeechwhichhasbecomethemostcolorfulandvividmemberofthefamilyoflanguages.“ThevocabularyofanordinaryAmericagenerallyisestimatedslang.”（Chapman,R.ed.4）ThenumbershowstheimportantstatusofslanginAmericanEnglish,thereforeweshouldeliminatethetraditionalbiasofslang.SlangispopularinAmericabecauseofitsfreshness,lifelikeness,humor,anditisaneffectivewayofcommunication;atthesametime,italsocarriesstrongculturalimplicationsofAmericabecausemostslangwordscomefromeachsub-culturalgroup,whichreflecttheiractuallife.“itisimpossibletoacquireathoroughknowledgeofEnglish（orofanyotherlanguage,forthatmatter）withoutbeingfamiliarwithslangandvulgarism.Whoeverisuninitiated…willbeatalosstounderstandmanyofthemasterpiecesofEnglishliterature?

Nay…hewillscarcelybeableeventounderstandanEnglishnewspaper.”（Partridge.73）Asitwere,anEnglishlearnercannotcommunicatewithforeignersattheirpleasurewithoutmuchunderstandinginAmericanslang.Fromthispoint,slangisabridgeforEnglishlearnerstomakeuptheculturalgap,soweshouldknowandtreatslangwithacorrectattitude.Thereisnosuchthingasgoodorbad,rightorwronginlanguage.Asaspecialformoflanguage,itsexistenceisakindofoutcomeofcultureandhistory.

Asahighlycolloquialspeech,itisespeciallyeffectiveoncasualandintimateoccasions.Theattitudestowardslangarealsoverycontradictoryamongcommonpeopleespeciallyscholars.Nowadays,moreandmorepeoplebegintheirresearchonslangforitswidespread.Inthispaper,theauthoristryingtoanalyzetheoriginsandfunctionsofAmericanslangfromvariousaspects,suchashistory,cultureetc.Firstly,thepaperwillexpoundthedefinitionofslang,intheauthor’smind,slangislikejeanswhichhasbeenwidelyacceptedbymostofAmericans.Althoughthejeanscannotbewornintothemagnificentparty,itispleasurable,comfortable,freeandhasbeenpopularinthewholeAmericaeventheworld.Itisthemythinthecapriciousfashioncircle.Slangisthemythinthelanguagekingdomjustasjeans.

Secondly,thepaperwillexpoundtheoriginsofAmericanslangs.TheauthortendstoanalyzetheoriginsofAmericanslangsfromvariousangles,includebackground,history,culture,etc.Similarly,onthefunctionsofslang,theauthorwillanalyzethesocialfunctionsandtherefractionfunctionstoexpressexistencevalues.Itssocialfunctionsincludestrengthentheinternalcohesion、Maintainabalanceofhumanpsychologyetc.TheslangrefractsthetrendoforalEnglishandthelifeofordinarypeople.Atthesametime,itrefractsakindofattitudebywhichthepeopletreatthereality.Sotheauthorwandermoreandmorepeoplecaneliminatetheirabusesofslanganddrawuphowvivid,poetic,convenientandcolorfulslangis.AbetterunderstandingofAmericanslangandsomenewanddeepimpressionofitmaybeachieved.

Chapter1TheDefinitionofAmericanSlangs

Whatisslang?

Slangisaspecialformoflanguage,alongtime;thereisnouniformdefinitionoftheslangofthestandardspecification.Asforslang,itisnearlyimpossibletobedefinedclearlyandtherehasbeendifferentdefinitionsandmanycontroversies.Wecanrefertosomeofthemtogiveusaspecialinsightintoourunderstandingofslang.Slangisaninformalcolloquialstyle,withlively,humorous,short,innovationandexaggerationandsoon.Sometimespeoplewillunderstanditas"jargon"（JARGON:

anindustry,profession,orsimilargroupsintheuseofprofessionalortechnicallanguage,itisbusiness-related）,"codeword"（ARGOT:

theuseofaparticulargroupspecializedgroupofwordsorphrases,itiscrime-related）,becausetheboundariesbetweenthemisnotsoclearatalltimes.Butwhatiscertainisthattheyarecryptic.

Thedefinitionof"AmericanHeritageDictionary"aboutslangisthatslangisaninformalgameofwordsinalanguage,thebasicexistenceisveryshortformderivedwordsandrhetoric,theyaredeliberatelyusedinplaceofstandardtermsinordertoachieveavivid,humorousorothereffect;ModernEnglish-ChineseofOxfordDictionaryaboutslangisthatslangaregenerallyusedforfriendsorcolleaguesconversation,butnotforgoodwritingorformaloccasions,thewords;especiallyofaclassunderstandingofidioms,suchasmilitaryslang,prisonslang.

Thedefinitionof"WorldBookDictionaryEnglish"ontheslangasfollows:

（1）slangusuallyreferstothepopularnewtimeisnotlong,vulgar,andpopularword,phraseormeaning.Slangisusuallyveryvividandexpressive,oftenusedbetweenfriendsincasualconversation,itcannotbepresentableandacceptableinformalspeechorarticle;

（2）slangisaspeciallanguagebysomeoftheparticularstageorclass;（3）someslangarespeciallanguageusedbyhooligans,thievesorbelongtoamovement;sometimesthelanguageisanoccupation;slangisblackwordsorincision."LangwenModernAdvancedEnglishDictionary"willbedefinedslangas"veryinformallanguagethatincludesnewandsometimesnotpolitewordsandmeaning,isoftenusedamongparticulargroupsofpeopleandisused,notusedinseriousspeechorwriting".

ThemoreauthoritativeandobjectivedefinitionisofferedbyTheoxfordEnglishDictionary,“languageofahighlycolloquialtype,consideredasbelowthelevelofstandardeducatedspeech,andconsistingeitherofnewwordsorofcurrentemployedinsomespecialsense.”;Inthefaceofmanyvariousdefinitions,it’sdifficulttogiveusanaccuratedefinitionofslang;meanwhile,thereisnocriterionforustodistinguishslang.Asaresult,peoplehavetwoverydifferentattitudes,somepeoplewillthinkslangisthesynonymofvulgarandunmeaninglan