On Characteristics and Translation of Lead of English News.docx

On Characteristics and Translation of Lead of English News.docx

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OnCharacteristicsandTranslationofLeadofEnglishNews

毕业论文

题目：

OnCharacteristicsandTranslationofLeadofEnglishNews

英语新闻导语的特征与翻译

系别：

外国语系

专业：

英语语言文学

姓名：

苗彦喜

学号：

141210132

指导教师：

朱建祥

河南城建学院

2012年5月25日

ONCHARACTERISTICSANDTRANSLATIONOFLEADOFENGLISHNEWS

By

MiaoYanxi

AThesis

SubmittedinPartialFulfillmentoftheRequirementsfortheDegreeofBachelorofArts

inEnglish

UndertheSupervisionofProfessorZhuJianxiang

HenanUniversityofUrbanConstruction

May2012

摘要

导语是新闻报道中不可缺少的组成部分,导语的翻译也是整个新闻翻译过程中至关重要的环节。

本文作者将试从文体学角度出发研究英语新闻导语的特征，然后从交际翻译和语义翻译的角度来探讨如何有效地翻译英语新闻导语,从而能够准确地传达信息并尽量保留原导语的创作特点和文化特色。

英国翻译家纽马克根据布勒对语言功能的分类将文本分成了三种类型,即表达型、信息型和号召型。

针对不同类型文本的翻译,他提出了交际翻译和语义翻译的方法。

就文本而言,新闻导语是信息文本,但是其中也包含了原创者的语言风格以及丰富的修辞特点和文化元素。

因此,在交际翻译和语义翻译的使用问题上,作者认为译者应该根据导语的文本类型特点采取灵活的策略,总体把握翻译的效果。

本论文由四章组成。

第一章引言，介绍了研究的背景，所采用的理论和整体的结构框架；第二章主要讲英语新闻导语的特点：

先探讨了导语的定义、分类，然后从书写特征，词汇特征和语法特征三个方面来讨论其特点；第三章在文本论的指导下，深入探讨了交际翻译和语义翻译、文本类型以及运用,从而为本论文打下了核心的理论基础；第四章结论。

关键词：

英语新闻导语；导语的特征；文本论；交际翻译；语义翻译

Abstract

TheleadofEnglishnewsisanindispensablecomponentofanewsreportandthetranslationofitisavitalstageintheprocessofnewstranslation.ThisthesisattemptstoprobeintothecharacteristicsofleadaccordingtothestylisticsandthetranslationofEnglishnewsleadsfromtheperspectiveofcommunicativetranslationandsemantictranslationinquestofefficientwaystoaccuratelytransmitinformation.Totackletheproblemsoftranslatingdifferenttypesoftexts,PeterNewmarkaccordinglycontributesthemethodsofcommunicativetranslation（CT）andsemantictranslation（ST）.Asfarasthetexttypeisconcerned,newsleadsbelongtoinformativetexts,yetcontainingintermingledcharacteristicsoftheauthor’screatingfeaturesandrichrhetoricaldevicesandculturalelements.Hence,withregardtoapplicationofcommunicativetranslationandsemantictranslation,theauthorholdsthattranslatorsshouldadoptflexiblestrategiesaccordingtodifferenttextualfunctionsinnewsleadssoastoguaranteetheoverallqualityoftranslation.Tobespecific,theauthorsuggeststranslatorsapplycommunicativetranslationtotransmittingtruthfulinformationontheonehandandapplysemantictranslationtoreservingliteraryandculturalfeaturesembeddedinoriginalnewsleadontheotherhand.Thisthesisconsistsoffourchapters.ChapterOneIntroduction:

Itintroducesthebackgroundofstudythispaper,thetheoriesthatweadoptandframeworkofwholepaper;ChapterTwoTheCharacteristicsofleadofEnglishnews:

Itmainlytalksaboutthedefinitionofleadandthefeaturesofleadfromthreeaspects,namelygraphologicalfeatures,lexicalfeaturesandgrammaticalfeatures;ChapterThreeTranslationofleadofEnglishnews:

OnthebasicofTextTypology,welaydownthecoretheoreticalfoundationofthisthesisbymeansofconductingin-depthresearchesintocommunicativetranslationandsemantictranslation,texttypologyandtheirapplication;ChapterFourConclusion.

KeyWords:

LeadofEnglishnews;Characteristicsoflead;TextTypology;Communicativetranslation;Semantictranslation

Contents

1.Introduction1

2.CharacteristicsofLeadofEnglishNews2

2.1TheLead2

2.1.1DefinitionofLead2

2.1.2LeadEssentials3

2.1.3CategorizationofLead3

2.2StylisticCharacteristicsofLeadofEnglishNews4

2.2.1GraphologicalFeaturesofLeadofEnglishNews4

2.2.2LexicalFeaturesofLeadofEnglishNews6

2.2.3GrammaticalFeaturesofLeadofEnglishNews7

3.TranslationofLeadofEnglishNews10

3.1TextTypology....................................................................................................10

3.2TranslationofLeadofEnglishNews10

3.2.1SemanticTranslation11

3.2.2CommunicativeTranslation12

4.Conclusion15

References16

Acknowledgments17

1．Introduction

Wherethereisalife,thereisanews.Withtherapiddevelopmentofsocietyandeconomy,thepeoplearoundtheworldbecomemoreandmorefamiliarthroughcooperatingandcommunicatingwitheachothermorequicklyandefficiently.Beingoneofthemostconvenientwaysforpeopletoshareinformation,newsplaysasignificantroleineveryone’sdailylife.Undersuchacircumstance,newstranslationisofgreatimportanceintermsofconveyinginformation.Manypeoplereadthenewstogettoknowwhatishappeningaroundthem,especiallythosewhotakeinternationalnewsasanimportantwindowtolearntheoutsideworld.Everyoneinthemodernsocietyisinfluencedmoreorlessbymassmedia.However,becauseofthestepoflifequickeningandallkindsofinformationdiversifying,itisimpossibleforpeopletoreadallthenewsthatarearoundthemfromthebeginningtotheend.Astheimportantpartofthenews,theleadhasitsownspecialsignificance.Throughreadingthelead,peoplelearnwhen,whereandwhatthewholenewsisreporting.Iftheyareinterestedinthelead,theywillreadon.“Sowecansaythattheleadisthesoulofthenews,anditisquitenecessarytofindaproperwaytoproducehigh-qualitytranslatedtextsofleadofEnglishnews.”（杨冬青，2010:

315-316）

Thereiscontradictionbetweenthedemandandsupply:

ontheonehand,theneedforleadtranslationisontherise;ontheotherhand,thestudyinthisfieldissomewhatneglectedandthequalityoftheleadtranslationisusuallyundesirable.Thus,researchersshouldbeencouragedtofindeffectivewaystoproducesatisfactoryleadtranslation.Onthebasisofthestylistictheory,theauthorofthisthesisfindsthespecialfeaturesofthelead,includinggraphologicalfeatures,grammaticalfeaturesandlexicalfeatures.Andaccordingtoitsstylisticfeatures,theauthorconsidersthattheTextTypologycaneffectivelyguidetheleadtranslation,andthenthroughthesemantictranslationandcommunicativetranslation,theauthorwillstudythetranslationmethodsofleadofEnglishNews.

2．CharacteristicsofLeadofEnglishNews

2.1TheLead

2.1.1DefinitionofLead

Herearetwodefinitionsaboutthelead:

A:

Lead:

Asimple,clearstatementconsistingofthefirstparagraphortwoofastory.Inthisparagraph,“youhavetoanswersixbasicquestions:

who,what,when,where,why,andhow?

”（BrianS.Brooks,2005:

146）

B:

Lead:

Capturestheessenceoftheevent,anditcajolesthereaderorlistenerintostayingawhile.Theleadsentenceusuallycontainsoneideaandfollowsthesubject-verb-objectsentencestructureforclarity.Itshouldnotexceed35words.（MelvenMencher,2003:

111）

Fromthesedefinitions,wecanfindthatleadisthefirstparagraphortwoofastory.“Theleadisthekeytoanysuccessfulstory.Itgivesthereaderthesenseofthestory.”（刘其冲，2009:

25）Theleadisthebeginningofthenewsandisalsothekeyparagraphstohelpreaderstoreadthenewsandisthemostimportantpartofthenews.Themostimportantandthepivotalestcontentsaregeneralizedbythetersestleadlanguage.Itistheessenceofthenewsreporting,whichcanmakethereaderslearnthemaincontents.Alivelyandinterestingleadwillattractthereadersorlistenerstogoonpayingattentiontothedetailedcontentsofthenews.Allinall,havinganexcellentleadequalstoowningapieceofnicenews.Theleadsrepresentthemostimportantcontentsofnewsbyusingvividandpithylanguageandattractreaderstocontinuetofinishthebeginningofwholenews,whichlinkstheprecedingwiththefollowing.Forexample:

Twochildrenatplaywerekilledand12othersinjuredtodaywhenaspeedingsportscarjumpedthecurboutsideProspectParkandranthemdown.

Thisleadisasuccessfulone.Thewholeleadjusthas26words,butitnotonlyincludesthemaincontentofthenews,butalsoexpressesthenewsclearlyandconcretely.Besides,thesituationthatthechildrenwereknockeddownwhentheywereplaying,thetypeofthecarandthetragiccurrentsituationofvictimswereembodiedthroughthelead,whichstrengthenedthereaders’sympathyandinterestsuddenly.

2.1.2LeadEssentials

Leadsusuallycontainspecificinformationaboutwhathappenedorwhatwassaid,whentheeventoccurred,thelocationoftheeventandthesourceoftheinformation.Journalistsconcludesixfactors,whichare5Wsand1H-who,what,where,when,whyandhow.Thesixfactorsarethequestionsthatjournalistsmustanswerinthelead.Butaleadmustlimitstimeandsavesmorespace,sonotallofthesemustbepresentedineverylead.

Thefirstsamplecontainsallthesixfactorsandthesecondoneonlyhas4factors.

JapaneseelectronicsgiantSonyandSwedishtelecomsmakerEricssonkickedoffamobilephonejointventureyesterdayinBeijingandsaidthecitywillsoonbecomeitsmajormanufacturingbase.

Who:

SonyandEricsson

What:

kickoffamobilephonejointventure

When:

yesterday

Where:

Beijing

How:

MajormanufacturingbasewillbeinBeijingsoon.

WASHINGTON-TheInternationalMonetaryFund（IMF）,seekingtocontainadeepeningeconomiccrisisinSouthAmerica,hasagreedtoprovideanadditionalUS$30billioninloanstoBrazil.

Who:

TheInternationalMonetaryFund（IMF）

Where:

Brazil

What:

provideUS$30billioninloans

Why:

seekingtocontainadeepeningeconomiccrisisinSouthAmerica

2.1.3CategorizationofLead

Theinformationofthenewsreportingisunendingchangesandthemesofreportingarealsomoreplentifulwiththedevelopingofthemedias,whichmaketheleadpresentdiversifiedfeatures.Classifyingallkindsofleadsaccordingtotheirownfeaturescanhelpusunderstandandtranslatetheleadproperlyandaccurately.

ManyscholarshaveclassifiedthemaccordingtofeaturesofleadsofEnglishnews.Forexample,Zhangjian（张建，2004:

60）classifiestheleadofEnglishnewsinto12kinds:

summarylead,mainfactlead,d