On Characteristics and Translation of Lead of English News.docx

1、On Characteristics and Translation of Lead of English News毕 业 论 文 题 目：On Characteristics and Translation of Lead of English News英语新闻导语的特征与翻译系 别：外国语系专 业：英语语言文学姓 名：苗彦喜学 号：141210132指导教师：朱建祥河南城建学院 2012年5月25日 ON CHARACTERISTICS AND TRANSLATION OF LEAD OF ENGLISH NEWSByMiao YanxiA Thesis Submitted in Part

2、ial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in EnglishUnder the Supervision of Professor Zhu JianxiangHenan University of Urban ConstructionMay 2012摘要导语是新闻报道中不可缺少的组成部分,导语的翻译也是整个新闻翻译过程中至关重要的环节。本文作者将试从文体学角度出发研究英语新闻导语的特征，然后从交际翻译和语义翻译的角度来探讨如何有效地翻译英语新闻导语,从而能够准确地传达信息并尽量保留原导语的创作特

3、点和文化特色。英国翻译家纽马克根据布勒对语言功能的分类将文本分成了三种类型,即表达型、信息型和号召型。针对不同类型文本的翻译,他提出了交际翻译和语义翻译的方法。就文本而言,新闻导语是信息文本,但是其中也包含了原创者的语言风格以及丰富的修辞特点和文化元素。因此,在交际翻译和语义翻译的使用问题上,作者认为译者应该根据导语的文本类型特点采取灵活的策略,总体把握翻译的效果。本论文由四章组成。第一章引言，介绍了研究的背景，所采用的理论和整体的结构框架；第二章主要讲英语新闻导语的特点：先探讨了导语的定义、分类，然后从书写特征，词汇特征和语法特征三个方面来讨论其特点；第三章在文本论的指导下，深入探讨了交际翻

4、译和语义翻译、文本类型以及运用,从而为本论文打下了核心的理论基础；第四章结论。关键词：英语新闻导语；导语的特征；文本论；交际翻译；语义翻译AbstractThe lead of English news is an indispensable component of a news report and the translation of it is a vital stage in the process of news translation. This thesis attempts to probe into the characteristics of lead according

5、 to the stylistics and the translation of English news leads from the perspective of communicative translation and semantic translation in quest of efficient ways to accurately transmit information. To tackle the problems of translating different types of texts, Peter Newmark accordingly contributes

6、 the methods of communicative translation (CT) and semantic translation (ST). As far as the text type is concerned, news leads belong to informative texts, yet containing intermingled characteristics of the authors creating features and rich rhetorical devices and cultural elements. Hence, with rega

7、rd to application of communicative translation and semantic translation, the author holds that translators should adopt flexible strategies according to different textual functions in news leads so as to guarantee the overall quality of translation. To be specific, the author suggests translators ap

8、ply communicative translation to transmitting truthful information on the one hand and apply semantic translation to reserving literary and cultural features embedded in original news lead on the other hand. This thesis consists of four chapters. Chapter One Introduction: It introduces the backgroun

9、d of study this paper, the theories that we adopt and framework of whole paper; Chapter Two The Characteristics of lead of English news: It mainly talks about the definition of lead and the features of lead from three aspects, namely graphological features, lexical features and grammatical features;

10、 Chapter Three Translation of lead of English news: On the basic of Text Typology, we lay down the core theoretical foundation of this thesis by means of conducting in-depth researches into communicative translation and semantic translation, text typology and their application; Chapter Four Conclusi

11、on.Key Words: Lead of English news; Characteristics of lead; Text Typology; Communicative translation; Semantic translationContents 1. Introduction 12. Characteristics of Lead of English News 22.1 The Lead 22.1.1 Definition of Lead 22.1.2 Lead Essentials 32.1.3 Categorization of Lead 32.2 Stylistic

12、Characteristics of Lead of English News 42.2.1 Graphological Features of Lead of English News 42.2.2 Lexical Features of Lead of English News 62.2.3 Grammatical Features of Lead of English News 73. Translation of Lead of English News 103.1Text Typology.103.2 Translation of Lead of English News 103.2

13、.1 Semantic Translation 113.2.2 Communicative Translation 124. Conclusion 15References 16Acknowledgments 171IntroductionWhere there is a life, there is a news. With the rapid development of society and economy, the people around the world become more and more familiar through cooperating and communi

14、cating with each other more quickly and efficiently. Being one of the most convenient ways for people to share information, news plays a significant role in everyones daily life. Under such a circumstance, news translation is of great importance in terms of conveying information. Many people read th

15、e news to get to know what is happening around them, especially those who take international news as an important window to learn the outside world. Everyone in the modern society is influenced more or less by mass media. However, because of the step of life quickening and all kinds of information d

16、iversifying, it is impossible for people to read all the news that are around them from the beginning to the end. As the important part of the news, the lead has its own special significance. Through reading the lead, people learn when, where and what the whole news is reporting. If they are interes

17、ted in the lead, they will read on. “So we can say that the lead is the soul of the news, and it is quite necessary to find a proper way to produce high-quality translated texts of lead of English news.”(杨冬青，2010:315-316)There is contradiction between the demand and supply: on the one hand, the need

18、 for lead translation is on the rise; on the other hand, the study in this field is somewhat neglected and the quality of the lead translation is usually undesirable. Thus, researchers should be encouraged to find effective ways to produce satisfactory lead translation. On the basis of the stylistic

19、 theory, the author of this thesis finds the special features of the lead, including graphological features, grammatical features and lexical features. And according to its stylistic features, the author considers that the Text Typology can effectively guide the lead translation, and then through th

20、e semantic translation and communicative translation, the author will study the translation methods of lead of English News. 2Characteristics of Lead of English News2.1 The Lead2.1.1 Definition of LeadHere are two definitions about the lead: A: Lead: A simple, clear statement consisting of the first

21、 paragraph or two of a story. In this paragraph, “you have to answer six basic questions: who, what, when, where, why, and how?” (Brian S. Brooks, 2005: 146)B: Lead: Captures the essence of the event, and it cajoles the reader or listener into staying awhile. The lead sentence usually contains one i

22、dea and follows the subject-verb-object sentence structure for clarity. It should not exceed 35 words. (Melven Mencher, 2003: 111)From these definitions, we can find that lead is the first paragraph or two of a story. “The lead is the key to any successful story. It gives the reader the sense of the

23、 story.”（刘其冲，2009:25）The lead is the beginning of the news and is also the key paragraphs to help readers to read the news and is the most important part of the news. The most important and the pivotalest contents are generalized by the tersest lead language. It is the essence of the news reporting,

24、 which can make the readers learn the main contents. A lively and interesting lead will attract the readers or listeners to go on paying attention to the detailed contents of the news. All in all, having an excellent lead equals to owning a piece of nice news. The leads represent the most important

25、contents of news by using vivid and pithy language and attract readers to continue to finish the beginning of whole news, which links the preceding with the following. For example:Two children at play were killed and 12 others injured today when a speeding sports car jumped the curb outside Prospect

26、 Park and ran them down.This lead is a successful one. The whole lead just has 26 words, but it not only includes the main content of the news, but also expresses the news clearly and concretely. Besides, the situation that the children were knocked down when they were playing, the type of the car a

27、nd the tragic current situation of victims were embodied through the lead, which strengthened the readers sympathy and interest suddenly.2.1.2 Lead EssentialsLeads usually contain specific information about what happened or what was said, when the event occurred, the location of the event and the so

28、urce of the information. Journalists conclude six factors, which are 5 Ws and 1 H- who, what, where, when, why and how. The six factors are the questions that journalists must answer in the lead. But a lead must limits time and saves more space, so not all of these must be presented in every lead.Th

29、e first sample contains all the six factors and the second one only has 4 factors.Japanese electronics giant Sony and Swedish telecoms maker Ericsson kicked off a mobile phone joint venture yesterday in Beijing and said the city will soon become its major manufacturing base.Who: Sony and EricssonWha

30、t: kick off a mobile phone joint ventureWhen: yesterdayWhere: BeijingHow: Major manufacturing base will be in Beijing soon.WASHINGTON- The International Monetary Fund (IMF), seeking to contain a deepening economic crisis in South America, has agreed to provide an additional US$30 billion in loans to

31、 Brazil.Who: The International Monetary Fund (IMF)Where: BrazilWhat: provide US$30 billion in loansWhy: seeking to contain a deepening economic crisis in South America2.1.3 Categorization of Lead The information of the news reporting is unending changes and themes of reporting are also more plentifu

32、l with the developing of the medias, which make the lead present diversified features. Classifying all kinds of leads according to their own features can help us understand and translate the lead properly and accurately.Many scholars have classified them according to features of leads of English news. For example, Zhangjian(张建，2004:60) classifies the lead of English news into 12 kinds: summary lead, main fact lead, d