英语高中必备英语阅读理解社会文化技巧全解及练习题含答案及解析.docx

英语高中必备英语阅读理解社会文化技巧全解及练习题含答案及解析.docx

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英语高中必备英语阅读理解社会文化技巧全解及练习题含答案及解析

【英语】高中必备英语阅读理解（社会文化）技巧全解及练习题（含答案）及解析

一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类

1．阅读理解

   EntrepreneurandCEOofTeslaandSpaceX,EldonMuskmayhavealittlemoretimeonhishands,ashe'sleavinghispositionontheboardoftheOpenAl,accordingtoablogpost.

   ThedepartureislikelytheresultofTesla'smovingintothefieldofArtificialIntelligence（AI），whichhesaidin2017wouldbethe“bestintheworld”andwouldevenbeableto“predictyourdestination,”Muskwillcontinueto“donateandadvisetheorganization,”OpenAIsaidinablogpostonFeb.20,addingthat“AsTeslacontinuestobecomemorefocusedonAI,thiswillavoidapotentialfutureconflictforEldon.

   MuskandYCombinerCEOSamAltmanco-foundedthenonprofitenterpriseinDecember2015,itsmissionistodevelopsafeartificialgeneralintelligenceandensurethosedevelopmentsaremadepublic.OpenAIresearcherspublishedapaperonthesiteArXiv,org,detailingthepossiblesecurethreatsthatcomewith“malicious”AI.Infact,Muskhasheardthe“evilAI”alarmseveraltimes,OnAug.11，2017,hewarnedthatartificialintelligenceposesabiggerthreattohumanity,andhetoldagatheringofstategovernorsthatthegovernmentneedstoregulateAlbeforerobotsstart“killingpeople.”

   Musk'sdeparturefromtheOpenAIboardcouldmeanbigthingsforTesla.AsEtonGoodbye,afinancialreporter,notedonFuturism,themove“couldsignalthatTeslaismoredeeplycommittedtotheirownAIprojectsthanwethought.”Headded,“Thosewhohavehadtheirearstoanyrumors（谣言）thatTeslaisreadytodelivervehiclescapableofLevel5autonomycouldtakethisnewOpenAldevelopmentasasignthatthecompanyisinchingclosertothatunapproachablegoal,”Nocompanyhasreachedthatlevelofautonomy,whichmeansthatadriverlesscarcouldnavigateanyroadunderanyconditionsandthatallthehuman“driver”wouldneedtodoistoinputadestination.

（1）WhydoesEldonMuskleavehisposition?

A. TocreatesaferAI.                                            

B. TobuildpowerfulInternet.

C. Todevelopsocialcommunication.                 

D. ToavoidapossibleconflictwithTesla.

（2）WhatistheEldonMusk'sattitudetowardstheAI?

A. Ambiguous.                    

B. Supportive.                    

C. Negative.                    

D. Sympathetic.

（3）Whatdoestheunderlinedword“malicious”inParagraph3mean?

A. Poisonous.                      B. Unpopular.                      C. Advanced.                      D. Traditional.

（4）WhatcanweinferfromEtonGoodbye'scomments?

A. Level5autonomyisimpossible.                     

B. TherumorsaboutTeslaismeaningless.

C. HehasnoconfidenceinOpenAI.                  

D. Level5autonomycouldsethumandriversfree.

【答案】

（1）D

（2）B

（3）A

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了传奇人物埃隆·马斯克和他的公司。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“EntrepreneurandCEOofTeslaandSpaceX,EldonMuskmayhavealittlemoretimeonhishands,ashe'sleavinghispositionontheboardoftheOpenAI,accordingtoablogpost.”和第二段中的“addingthat“AsTeslacontinuestobecomemorefocusedonAI,thiswillavoidapotentialfutureconflictforEldon.”可知EldonMusk离开他的职位是为了避免可能和Tesla产生冲突，故D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的“Muskwillcontinueto“donateandadvisetheorganization”可推知EldonMusk对于AI的态度是同情，故选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第三段中的“Infact,Muskhasheardthe‘evilAI’alarmseveraltimes.”可猜测出“malicious”的意思是有害的，故选A。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Nocompanyhasreachedthatlevelofautonomy,whichmeansthatadriverlesscarcouldnavigateanyroadunderanyconditionsandthatallthehuman‘driver’wouldneedtodoistoinputadestination.可推出“Level5autonomy”将会让人类司机解放，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   InKorea,itisrudetowearshoesinsidesomeone'shousebecauseitisconsidereddirty.InSaudiArabia,youshouldnotbringfoodtosomeone'shousebecausetakingfoodordrinksuggeststhatyouthinkthehostcannotaffordthemeal.Moreandmorepeoplearoundtheworldaretravellingabroadtostudy,togoonvacation,ortowork,andwhileitcanbeagreatwaytolearnaboutothercultures,theremaybetimeswhentravelersaccidentallyannoytheirhost.

   Thesamegesturecanhaveverydifferentmeaningsindifferentcountries.ThegesturemeaningOKintheUnitedStatesmeanssomethingcompletelydifferentinBrazilasEllaYaodiscovered.EllahadtravelledtoBraziltostudyandwaslivingwithahostfamily.Duringdinner,herhostaskedEllaifshewasenjoyingthemeal.Becausehermouthwasfulloffood,EllamadeasignwithherhandthattohermeantOK.AlthoughEllameantthefoodwasgood,thissymbolinBraziliancultureisextremelyrudeandherhostwasdeeplyannoyed.

   WhiletravellinginThailand,ElizabethBrownlearnedthattherearedifferencesinfoodintheUnitedStatesandThailand.Shestoppedatasmall,family-ownedrestaurantinChiangMaiandorderedspringrolls.Shewasreallyenjoyingeatingthemuntilshegotthelastoneandnoticedthattherewasaninsectinside.Shecomplainedtotheserver.Later,shediscoveredthatalthoughinsectsaredisgustingtomostAmericans,theyareconsideredadelicacy（佳肴）insomecountries.

   Allthesemistakescanbeavoidedwithsomeresearchonculturaldifferencesbeforeyougoabroad.However,ifyoudoaccidentallyannoysomeone,quicklyapologize,andlearnfromyourmistake.

（1）ForwhatreasondidEllamakeherhostangry?

A. Shespokewithhermouthfull.                       

B. Herhostmisunderstoodhergesture.

C. Shedidn'tlikethemealherhostprepared.   

D. Herhostdidn'tlikeusingbodylanguage.

（2）WhathappenedtoElizabethBrowninaThairestaurant?

A. Sheateaninsect.                                             

B. Shewasbadlytreated.

C. Shearguedwiththeserver.                             D. Shelearnedinsectsarewelcomethere.

（3）Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?

A. Whatmatters          B. WheninRome          C. Howtobepolite          D. Whymakemistakes

【答案】

（1）B

（2）D

（3）B

【解析】【分析】这是一篇关于风俗文化的文章。

文章介绍了在韩国穿着鞋子在家里是不礼貌的和OK这个手势在美国和巴西的不同以及泰国的饮食文化，告诉我们为了避免误会一定要学会你所想去国家的文化即入乡随俗，如果我们不小心触碰到了他们的文化要立刻道歉并改正。

（1）细节理解题。

根据第二段中Becausehermouthwasfulloffood,EllamadeasignwithherhandthattohermeantOK.AlthoughEllameantthefoodwasgood,thissymbolinBraziliancultureisextremelyrudeandherhostwasdeeplyannoyed.可知，她因为嘴里有东西故用手势表示OK，但这个手势在主人所在国家是非常粗鲁的意思，所以主人生气是因为误会了她，故选B。

（2）细节理解题。

根据第三段Later,shediscoveredthatalthoughinsectsaredisgustingtomostAmericans,theyareconsideredadelicacy（佳肴）insomecountries.可知，昆虫在一些国家也是佳肴，故选D。

注意A项错误，文章是说Shewasreallyenjoyingeatingthemuntilshegotthelastoneandnoticedthattherewasaninsectinside.她发现有只昆虫在春卷里，并没有提到她吃了昆虫。

（3）主旨大意题。

本文讲了不同国家有不同的风俗，并告诉我们要入乡随俗，故B项“WheninRome,DoastheRomansDo”即入乡随俗，适合作文章题目。

3．阅读理解

   BEIJING/SAOPAULO-Chinesetraditionslikecockfightinglike-flyingandfireworkshavebeenquitecommoninBrazilformanyyears.

   Despitethethousandsofkilometersbetweenthem,China'shistoricalandartisticmarkonBrazilhasexistedforabout300years,saidBraziliansinologist（汉学家）JoseRobertoTeixeiraLeiteinhisbookChinainBrazil."InfluencesfromChinacandatefromthecolonialperiod,evenuptothetimeafterafterBrazil'sindependence."Thecommercialrelationshipbetweenthetwocountrieshasexistedforalongtime,henoted,addingthatincomingshipswouldfillupBraziliancitieslikeSalvador,RiodeJaneiroandRecifewithChineseproductslikeporcelain（瓷器）,silkandfansHealsofoundChineseinfluencenotonlyintheartsandarchitectureofBrazilbutalsointhemostdiverseareasofBraziliansociety,liketheeconomy,medicineandpopularculture."Attheendofthe19thcentury,inPernambuco,（astateinnortheasternBrazil）,therewasacustomthatchildrensleptwithclothesdecoratedwithChinesedragons."Teixeiraadded.

   Thebooktookhimabout15yearstofinish."Theimpactofthebooksurprisedme,thoughitwaspublishedbyauniversitypublisherandithadaprintrunofjust1,000copies,"hesaid."SomehavesaidthatthebookrepresentsaturningpointinChinesestudiesinBrazil."

   Besides,thesinologistdidresearchonthemarkandpresenceofChinainthearchitectureandartsofBrazil."ItwasthroughartthatChinaawokeinme,first,curiosity,afterthat,interest,andfinally,passion,"Teixeirasaid.

   In1992,thesinologistvisitedMacaotodoresearchforhisdoctoralthesisaboutthemarksandpresenceofChinainBrazil,andthattripimpressedhimalot.In2013,TeixeirahadachancetovisittheChinesecitiesofBeijing,ShenzhenandShanghai,andgottoknow"thepastandpresentofthegreatcountryculturally,aswellasitsincrediblematerialdevelopment."

（1）Whatdoestheunderlinedsentenceimply?

A.Brazilianchildren'slovefordragonsasChinesechildren.

B.ThedevelopmentofChina-Brazilfrequenttradecooperation.

C.Afurtherunderstandingoftheculturesofthetwocountries.

D.China'sinfluenceonmostdiverseareasofBraziliansociety.

（2）WhatmarksanewstageofChinesestudiesforBrazilian?

A.Children'sclothes.

B.Thesinologist'straveling.

C.Thesinologist'sbook.

D.China'sporcelain.

（3）Whatfiredthesinologist'spassionforChinesestudies?

A.Chineseart.

B.Chinesecustoms.

C.ThehistoryofChina.

D.China'sdevelopment.

（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthispassage?

A.TheImpressionofChinaonSinologist.

B.ChinaandBrazilinEyesofSinologist

C.AnIntroductiontoSinologist'sNewBook

D.TheFutureofChina-BrazilTradeRelations

【答案】

（1）D

（2）C

（3）A

（4）B

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了巴西汉学家JoseRobertoTeixeiraLeite眼中的中国和巴西。

（1）考查句义猜测。

根据第二段中的“InfluencesfromChinacandate