本科毕业设计商务英汉口译的技巧与策略分析.docx

本科毕业设计商务英汉口译的技巧与策略分析.docx

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本科毕业设计商务英汉口译的技巧与策略分析

tookinterpretingasaprofessionandthestaffasrespectableinterpretersandsincethen,interpretingbecamearemarkableprofessionthroughouttheworld.

InChina,interpretationhasbeenaprofessionformorethan2000years.Peoplethosewhooriginallytookupinterpretingastheircareerhavebeencalled“译”,“寄”,“象”,“狄鞮”,“通事”or“通译”,etc.Butthedevelopmentdidn’tgetanywhereuntil1920s,whentheincreasingexpansionininternationalcommunicationarousedtheexperts’attention,butanyway,itcouldnotcatchupwiththewesternworldininterpretingresearchwithahistoryofmorethan50years..

2.2TheSignificanceofBusinessInterpretationanditsFutureDevelopment

WiththeimplementationofChina’sreformandopening-uppolicy,moreandmorepeopleofvariouscirclescometoChinafromdifferentpartsoftheworldandtakepartininternationalcooperation.TheincreaseofexchangeandcontactbetweenChinaandtherestoftheworldresultsintheincreasingneedofinterpretersbetweenChineseandotherlanguages,particularlytheinterpretersincombinationofChineseandEnglish.Withtheextensiveandintensivedevelopmentandexpansionofglobaleconomyandtrade,thereisanurgentneedofhighlyqualifiedbusinessinterpreters.ThatplacesagreatchallengeonlotsofChinese-Englishinterpretingprofessionalswithaviewtosucceedinginbusinessinterpretation.Afteranalyzingtheskillsandstrategiesofbusinessinterpretation,withcomprehensiveunderstandingandmasteryofitspracticalapplication,suggestionsinthisarticlewouldbehelpfultobreakthroughthechallengeandgettoanideallevelinbusinessinterpretation.

3.CriterionforInterpretingandBasicRequirementsforBusinessInterpreters:

Interpretingisaprocessof“understandingandmakingunderstood”.Interpretersfirstofalllistentothesourcetextandthenanalyzethediscourseandunderstandthemessageandthenreconstructthemessageinthetargetlanguageandconveyittotheaudiencemakingthelistenersunderstandthespeaker’smessage.Intheprocessofinterpreting,itinvolvesalotofdifficultiesandchallenges.Interpretershavetolistentothesourcespeech,analyzethemessageandreconstructitinthetargetlanguageonthespot.Theycannotconsultdictionariesoranyotherreferencedocumentswhileinterpretingthespeeches.Therefore,inordertoachievesuccessfulinterpreting,interpretersaresupposedtobehighlyqualified.Ingeneral,aprofessionalinterpreterisrequiredtohaveastrongsenseofduty,ahighleveloflinguisticproficiency,wideencyclopediaknowledgeandagoodmasteryofinterpretingskills.

3.1DifferentStatementsontheCriterionofInterpreting

“Faithfulness、expressiveness、elegance”hasbeenawell-knowncriterionfortranslation,whichwasproposedbyYanFu,theChineseexpertintranslation.Butforinterpreting,differentinterpretationsandviewpointsofitscriterionareheldbymanyscholarsaroundtheworld.Forinstance,DanicaSeleskovitch,whoisthefounderofaninfluentialschoolofthoughtintranslationstudies,theinterpretivetheory（lethéoriedel’interprétation）emergedinthelate1960sinFrance,heldthatinterpretingisakindofinterpretivetranslationofwhichanimportantprincipleorcriterionis“makingsense”.Ontheotherhand,theseniorexpertininterpreting,ProfessorZhongShukonghasstressedtheprincipleofthecombinationbetween“accuracyandfluency”ininterpreting,whichissimilartoacriterionputforwardbyMeiDeming.Furthermore,LiYueranadvancesthatthecriterionforinterpretingis“accuracy、fluencyandswiftness”andZhongWeiheproposesthatinterpretersaresupposedtoadheretotheprincipleof“faithful、fluentandtimely”.FangFanquan,then,sumsuptheprincipleofinterpreting,namely,“timely、accurate、comprehensive、natural、fluentandeasytounderstand”.

3.2TheExcellenceofBusinessInterpretation:

“Accuracy”and“Flexibility”

Theexcellenceofbusinessinterpretationliesin“accuracy”and“flexibility”.“Accuracy”isthepremiseofinterpreting.Asweallknowthat,performingisthecoreoftheinterpretingprocess.Asuccessfulperformanceininterpretationreliesontheaccuracyofinterpretingofthemessageofthespeaker;otherwise,itwouldleadtomisunderstandingorevenhugelosses.Inaddition,businessinterpretersarerequiredtobemoreflexibleduringinterpretation.Onsomeoccasions,whencomingacrossawkwardness（suchasslangorlocalexpressions）,forthesakeofcatchingupwiththeinformationflow,substitutionisquiteacleverway,aslongasitgoeswiththemainideaofthetalkorconversation.Therefore,omissionandjumpingovertothemainpointismoreimportant.

Thecontradictionbetween“accuracy”and“flexibility”shouldbedealtwithmeaningfullyandnaturallywithoutinterferingwiththegeneralflowoftheprocess.

4.SkillsandStrategiesofBusinessInterpretation

4.1PreparationforBusinessInterpretation

Preparing（P）isthefoundationofasuccessfulinterpretingperformance.Awell-preparedinterpreterfeelsconfidentandrelaxed.Therearetwotypesofpreparation.“Oneisshort-termpreparation,andtheotherisshort-termpreparation.Ingeneral,theinterpreterspreparefortheinterpretingtaskfromthefollowingfouraspects:

namely,linguisticandinterpretingskills（S）,encyclopedicandsubjectknowledge（K）,professionalvocabularyandterminologies（V）,andcross-cultureawareness（C）.Hence,theinterpretingcanbeformulatedasfollows:

P=S+K+V+C.”（XuXiaozheng，2006:

5）

Inthecontextofinterpreting,aninterpretershouldbeawarethat“tohear”isnotonlytoknowallthewordsthatarebeingspoken,buttograspthemainideasoftheoriginalspeech,foritisthemeaningthatistobeinterpreted,notthewords.Thepureunderstandingofwordaloneisnotsufficientforinterpreterstoreconstructideaseffectively.Interpretersaresupposedtobeabletoseizemeaningwhentheylistentothespeaker,andtheymustthereforelistenactively.However,to“graspthemainideas”or“seizemeaning”isinnosenseaneasyjobformanycollegestudents.

Here,fivetypesofbusinesssituationsaresettospecifyhowtowell-preparedbusinessinterpretation.

Fivetypesofsituationsinbusinessinterpretation:

（i）Businessnegotiation

Whenwearenoticedtoparticipateabusinessnegotiationconferenceasaninterpreter,wearesupposedtofamiliarizeourselveswiththefigures,thecontentofnegotiationandthevocabularyconcernedintalkingbeforehand.Sometimes,abusinessnegotiationinvolvesprice（s）ofgoods,quantityofpurchasingandsupplying,MOQ（minimumofquantity）,termsofpayment,timeofdeliveryandthequalityorfeaturesofgoods,etc.

Foraninterpreter,todoalongseriesoffiguresininterpretationisbynomeanseasy.AndforaninterpreterwhosemothertongueisChinese,thedifficultiesinvolvedseemtobeevengreater.Figuresinterpretationisconsideredasaninterpreter’sbigheadache.（XuXiaozheng,2006:

188）Followingsaresomenotabledifficulties,suchas,“Wan”vs.millionand“Yi”vs.billion,comparisonexpressions（times,triple,fourfold,etc.）,measurementunits（kilometersvs.miles）,decimalsandfractions.OtherkindsoffigureslikeMOQ,price,areasandvolumemustbetakenintoconsiderationaswell.

（ii）Businesstravel

Businesstravelisverycommonfortheinterpreteranditcallsforhiscross-culturalsensitivity.Beforewegoforabusinesstour,we’dbettersearchforsomeculturalandregionalinformationofacertainplaceyou’reheadingfor.

（iii）Ceremonialaddress

Beforetheparticipantstakepartinaceremony,asocialbutformalconferencenotonlyforthespeakers,butfortheinterpreters,“well-preparingyouraudience”willcontributetoyourspeechandinterpretation.

（iiii）Advertising＆Publicity

Asfortheadvertisingorpublicityofcommodity,theinterpreterhastofamiliarizehimselfwiththeproduct’smainfeatures,functions,lifespan,etc.

（iiiii）Finance＆Securities

Peopleinvolveinthefieldoffinancearesupposedtobehighlysensitiveandvigilanttotheinformationflowmarchingonthewavealongthetime,aswellasbusinessinterpreters.Theyshallbemoreattentiveandsensitivetonewinformationflowaboutstock,securitiesbutthecurrentaffairsthroughoutthegloberesultingfromtheindivisibleandinterdependentconnectionbetweenthetwosides.

4.2ActiveListening

Generallyspeaking,tolistenactively,aninterpretermustbeactivetoperceivethesoundsaccuratelyandconstantlyfocusontheinformationconveyedbythesounds.Inordertomaintainactivelistening,businessinterpretersaresupposednotonlytoapplysomelisteningskillsconcernedbuttofollowsomebasicguidelinesaswell.

4.2.1ListentotheMeaning

Firstly,listentothemeaningsinsteadofwords.Whatthespeakertriestoconveyandwhatthelistenerisinterestedinisnotthewordsbutthemessageorinformationthatisconcerned.Tomakeoutthespeaker’sidea,therefore,istheinterpreter’stopprioritysothatinterpretersareexpectedtofollowthespeakercloselyandcatchtheideawhilelistening.Tosomeextent,thisguidelinealsocallsforinterpreter’slisteningskills.AsfortheinterpretersfromnativeEnglish-speakingcountry,“listentothemeaning”maybefareasiertoattainthantheforeigners.Besides,undernocircumstancecanagreenhorncompletelycatchallthewordsanEnglishspeakerhassaid,letalonelistenforthemeaning.Ittakesscrupulousandarduouseffortsinpracticingandtraining.

4.2.2ListenforContentandAttitude

Thesecondguidelineforactivelisteningistolistenforbothcontentandattitude.”Listenfor”insomeway,referstothedirectionof