本科毕业设计商务英汉口译的技巧与策略分析.docx

1、本科毕业设计商务英汉口译的技巧与策略分析took interpreting as a profession and the staff as respectable interpreters and since then, interpreting became a remarkable profession throughout the world.In China, interpretation has been a profession for more than 2000 years. People those who originally took up interpreting a

2、s their career have been called “译”, “寄”, “象”, “狄鞮”, “通事” or “通译”, etc. But the development didnt get anywhere until 1920s, when the increasing expansion in international communication aroused the experts attention, but anyway, it could not catch up with the western world in interpreting research wi

3、th a history of more than 50years. 2.2The Significance of Business Interpretation and its Future DevelopmentWith the implementation of Chinas reform and opening-up policy, more and more people of various circles come to China from different parts of the world and take part in international cooperati

4、on. The increase of exchange and contact between China and the rest of the world results in the increasing need of interpreters between Chinese and other languages, particularly the interpreters in combination of Chinese and English. With the extensive and intensive development and expansion of glob

5、al economy and trade, there is an urgent need of highly qualified business interpreters. That places a great challenge on lots of Chinese-English interpreting professionals with a view to succeeding in business interpretation. After analyzing the skills and strategies of business interpretation, wit

6、h comprehensive understanding and mastery of its practical application, suggestions in this article would be helpful to break through the challenge and get to an ideal level in business interpretation.3. Criterion for Interpreting and Basic Requirements for Business Interpreters:Interpreting is a pr

7、ocess of “understanding and making understood”. Interpreters first of all listen to the source text and then analyze the discourse and understand the message and then reconstruct the message in the target language and convey it to the audience making the listeners understand the speakers message. In

8、 the process of interpreting, it involves a lot of difficulties and challenges. Interpreters have to listen to the source speech, analyze the message and reconstruct it in the target language on the spot. They cannot consult dictionaries or any other reference documents while interpreting the speech

9、es. Therefore, in order to achieve successful interpreting, interpreters are supposed to be highly qualified. In general, a professional interpreter is required to have a strong sense of duty, a high level of linguistic proficiency, wide encyclopedia knowledge and a good mastery of interpreting skil

10、ls.3.1 Different Statements on the Criterion of Interpreting“Faithfulness、expressiveness、elegance” has been a well-known criterion for translation, which was proposed by Yan Fu, the Chinese expert in translation. But for interpreting, different interpretations and viewpoints of its criterion are hel

11、d by many scholars around the world. For instance, Danica Seleskovitch, who is the founder of an influential school of thought in translation studies, the interpretive theory (le thorie de linterprtation) emerged in the late 1960s in France, held that interpreting is a kind of interpretive translati

12、on of which an important principle or criterion is “making sense”. On the other hand, the senior expert in interpreting, Professor Zhong Shukong has stressed the principle of the combination between “accuracy and fluency” in interpreting, which is similar to a criterion put forward by Mei Deming. Fu

13、rthermore, Li Yueran advances that the criterion for interpreting is “accuracy、fluency and swiftness” and Zhong Weihe proposes that interpreters are supposed to adhere to the principle of “faithful、fluent and timely”. Fang Fanquan, then, sums up the principle of interpreting, namely, “timely、accurat

14、e、comprehensive、natural、fluent and easy to understand”. 3.2 The Excellence of Business Interpretation: “Accuracy” and “Flexibility”The excellence of business interpretation lies in “accuracy” and “flexibility”. “Accuracy” is the premise of interpreting. As we all know that, performing is the core of

15、 the interpreting process. A successful performance in interpretation relies on the accuracy of interpreting of the message of the speaker; otherwise, it would lead to misunderstanding or even huge losses. In addition, business interpreters are required to be more flexible during interpretation. On

16、some occasions, when coming across awkwardness( such as slang or local expressions), for the sake of catching up with the information flow, substitution is quite a clever way, as long as it goes with the main idea of the talk or conversation. Therefore, omission and jumping over to the main point is

17、 more important.The contradiction between “accuracy” and “flexibility” should be dealt with meaningfully and naturally without interfering with the general flow of the process. 4. Skills and Strategies of Business Interpretation 4.1 Preparation for Business InterpretationPreparing (P) is the foundat

18、ion of a successful interpreting performance. A well-prepared interpreter feels confident and relaxed. There are two types of preparation. “One is short-term preparation, and the other is short-term preparation. In general, the interpreters prepare for the interpreting task from the following four a

19、spects: namely, linguistic and interpreting skills(S), encyclopedic and subject knowledge (K), professional vocabulary and terminologies (V), and cross-culture awareness(C). Hence, the interpreting can be formulated as follows: P=S+K+V+C.”（Xu Xiaozheng，2006:5）In the context of interpreting, an inter

20、preter should be aware that “to hear” is not only to know all the words that are being spoken, but to grasp the main ideas of the original speech, for it is the meaning that is to be interpreted, not the words. The pure understanding of word alone is not sufficient for interpreters to reconstruct id

21、eas effectively. Interpreters are supposed to be able to seize meaning when they listen to the speaker, and they must therefore listen actively. However, to “grasp the main ideas” or “seize meaning” is in no sense an easy job for many college students.Here, five types of business situations are set

22、to specify how to well-prepared business interpretation.Five types of situations in business interpretation:(i) Business negotiation When we are noticed to participate a business negotiation conference as an interpreter, we are supposed to familiarize ourselves with the figures, the content of negot

23、iation and the vocabulary concerned in talking beforehand. Sometimes, a business negotiation involves price(s) of goods, quantity of purchasing and supplying, MOQ (minimum of quantity), terms of payment, time of delivery and the quality or features of goods, etc.For an interpreter, to do a long seri

24、es of figures in interpretation is by no means easy. And for an interpreter whose mother tongue is Chinese, the difficulties involved seem to be even greater. Figures interpretation is considered as an interpreters big headache. (Xu Xiaozheng, 2006:188) Followings are some notable difficulties, such

25、 as, “Wan” vs. million and “Yi” vs. billion, comparison expressions (times, triple, fourfold, etc.), measurement units (kilometers vs. miles), decimals and fractions. Other kinds of figures like MOQ, price, areas and volume must be taken into consideration as well.(ii) Business travelBusiness travel

26、 is very common for the interpreter and it calls for his cross-cultural sensitivity. Before we go for a business tour, wed better search for some cultural and regional information of a certain place youre heading for. (iii) Ceremonial addressBefore the participants take part in a ceremony, a social

27、but formal conference not only for the speakers, but for the interpreters, “well-preparing your audience” will contribute to your speech and interpretation. (iiii) Advertising PublicityAs for the advertising or publicity of commodity, the interpreter has to familiarize himself with the products main

28、 features, functions, lifespan, etc.(iiiii)Finance SecuritiesPeople involve in the field of finance are supposed to be highly sensitive and vigilant to the information flow marching on the wave along the time, as well as business interpreters. They shall be more attentive and sensitive to new inform

29、ation flow about stock, securities but the current affairs throughout the globe resulting from the indivisible and interdependent connection between the two sides.4.2 Active Listening Generally speaking, to listen actively, an interpreter must be active to perceive the sounds accurately and constant

30、ly focus on the information conveyed by the sounds. In order to maintain active listening, business interpreters are supposed not only to apply some listening skills concerned but to follow some basic guidelines as well.4.2.1 Listen to the Meaning Firstly, listen to the meanings instead of words. Wh

31、at the speaker tries to convey and what the listener is interested in is not the words but the message or information that is concerned. To make out the speakers idea, therefore, is the interpreters top priority so that interpreters are expected to follow the speaker closely and catch the idea while

32、 listening. To some extent, this guideline also calls for interpreters listening skills. As for the interpreters from native English-speaking country, “listen to the meaning” may be far easier to attain than the foreigners. Besides, under no circumstance can a green horn completely catch all the wor

33、ds an English speaker has said, let alone listen for the meaning. It takes scrupulous and arduous efforts in practicing and training. 4.2.2 Listen for Content and AttitudeThe second guideline for active listening is to listen for both content and attitude.” Listen for” in some way, refers to the direction of