英语写作要领.docx

英语写作要领.docx

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英语写作要领

英语写作要领

　　英语写作要领

　　一.中国式英语

　　1.汉式表达

　　However,everythinghasitsblackside.

　　However,therearetwosidestoeverythingeverythinghasitsdrawbackseverythinghasitsprosandconsnothingisperfect.

　　2.Inaword,Iwanttofindajobthatfitsme,andmoneyandotherthingsareoutofthought.

　　Inaword,Iwanttofindajobthatsuitsme,andmoneyandotherthingsarenotmychiefconcern

　　2.Peoplenowhaveconditiontoeatgoodthings.

　　PeoplenowcanaffordnutritiousfoodHigh-qualityfoodisnowwithinpeople’sreach.

　　3.JustopentheTVset,youcanknoweverything,andwon’thavetogoout.

　　SimplybyswitchingontheTVset,youcanlearneverythingwithouthavingtogoout.

　　4.TVcanwidenoureyes.

　　WatchingTVcanbroadenourmindshorizons.

　　5.Weyoungpeoplearenowliveinsugarwater.

　　Weyoungpeoplenowliveacomfortablelife.

　　二.汉式“有”的概念

　　1.Thechiefreasonforthechangehavefivepoints

　　Therearefivereasonsforthechange.

　　2.Trafficisaseriousproblem,oneofthereasonsisthatShanghaihaveovertenmillionpeople.

　　Trafficisaseriousproblem,andoneofthereasonsisthatthereareovertenmillionpeopleinShanghai.

　　三.汉式“后”的概念

　　Afteritsbiglibraries,whatFudanUniversityattractsmeisitsmodernlaboratories.

　　Secondonlytoitsbiglibraries,theattractionofFudanUniversityformeisitsmodernlaboratories.

　　Somenaturalresourcessuchasoilandcoalwillbeusedupafter50years.Somenaturalresourcessuchasoilandcoalwillbeusedupin50years.Afterfouryears,theygraduatedfromtheuniversity.

　　Fouryearslater,theygraduatedfromtheuniversity.

　　四.汉式“越来越少”的概念

　　Nowadays,youngpeoplewhoseektogoabroadarebecomingmoreandmore.Nowadays,moreandmoreyoungpeopleareseekingtogoabroad.

　　Peoplebegintoeatgrainlessandless,whiletheyeatfruitmoreandmore.Withthedevelopmentofcities,greenlandbecomesmoreandmoreless.

　　Withthedevelopmentofcities,theamountofgreenlandisdecreasingevermorerapidly.

　　五.汉式的多个动词连用

　　1.错:

Peoplethinkgotomoviewillcostalotofmoney.

　　对:

Peoplethinkgoingtomoviewillcostalotofmoney.

　　2.错:

ThebestwaytothetrafficproblemIShanghaiisbuildsubways.

　　对:

ThebestwaytosolvethetrafficprobleminShanghaiistobuildsubways.

　　3.错:

Therearemanypeopletakepartinsportsnow.

　　对:

Therearemanypeoplewhotakeparttakingpartinsportsnow.

　　4.错:

Makecitiesgreenerhasmanyadvantages.

　　5.对:

Makingcitiesgreenerhasmanyadvantages.

　　错:

Nowpeoplegoabroadisnoteasy.

　　对:

Itisnoteasyforpeopletogoabroadnow.

　　6错:

Althoughdifficultyisexist,butwecanovercomeit.

　　对:

Althoughdifficultiesexist,wecanovercomethem

　　六．汉式的形容词用法

　　错:

Tooeasyortoodifficultyisnogoodforus.

　　对:

Bookswhicharetooeasyortoodifficultarenotgoodforus.

　　错：

Sportsarelikedbyolds,youngmenandwomen,fortheybringyouhappy.对：

Sportsarelikedbypeopleofallagesandbothsexes,fortheybringhappiness.错：

Oldmenlikecalm,whileyoungpeoplelikeactive.

　　对：

Oldmenlikepeacefullife,whilepeoplepreferanactiveone.

　　七．汉式的无主语句

　　1．错：

Withoutelectricity,theworldbecomedarkandevenunabletoseeafinger.对：

Withoutelectricity,theworldwouldbecomesodarkthatapersoncouldnotevenseeahandinfrontofhisface.

　　3.错:

Readingbookscanacquireknowledge.

　　对：

Throughreading,onecanacquireknowledge.

　　4.错:

Allofthisshouldthankourgovernment.

　　对：

Weshouldthankourgovernmentforallofthis.

　　文章的整体性和连贯性

　　整体性指在短文在语义上是一个整体，几个段落围绕短文的一个主题。

在写作考试中，则主要指在确定了中心写作内容后，不要跑题。

连贯性指句子之间和段落之间是以合乎逻辑的方式排列的，读起来通顺流畅。

短文的整体性和连贯性是通过句子和段落的逻辑排列或采用过渡词的方式来实现的。

　　请看下面的短文是以逻辑排列的方式达到短文整体性和连贯性的：

　　Nuclearpowerstationsareextremelydangerous.In1979astationintheUSAwentoutofcontrolandthousandsofpeopletherehadtoleavetheirhomes.Thewastefromnuclearpowerstationscanbedangeroustomanforthousandsofyears.Nuclearstationsareunnecessary.ThedemandforelectricityintheWestisincreasingveryslowlyandcanbemetbyexistingstations.Ifextrapowerinneeded,itshouldbeprovidedbywindortidalpowerstations.Theyaresafeandthereisnodangerofpollution.Forthesereasonsallworkonnuclearpowerstationsmustbehaltedimmediately.

　　下面的短文是采用过渡词的方式达到短文的整体性和连贯性的:

　　Gettingupearlyisgoodforourhealth.Tostartwith,theairinthemorningisfresh,whichwilldoalotofgoodtoyourhealth.Second,earlyinthemorningyoumaytakeawalkordosomeexercise,whichwillhelptokeepyouhealthy.Finally,gettingupearlywillhelpyoutoformagoodhabit,anddevelopagoodmoodfordailyactivities.为了使短文具有较好的整体性和连贯性,通常采用“启”“承”“转”“合”的过渡词

　　1.用于引导主题句或主题句后第一个扩展句的过渡词语称为“启”有关这方面的词语有:

　　First,firstofall,atfirst,inthefirstplace,inthebeginning,firstly,tobeginwith,tostartwith,foronething,foranother,ononehand,ontheotherhand,generallyspeaking,ingeneral,atpresent,currently,lately等

　　“启”的用法实例:

　　Atpresent/currently/lately-----somepeoplebelievethatintelligenceisgivenatbirth.Atfirst/Firstofall/Inthebeginning/Inthefirstplace/firstly-----theenvironmentplaysanimportantroleinshapingone’spersonality.

　　2.用于承接主题句或第一个扩展句的过渡词语称为“承”,这方面的词语有:

Second,third,secondly,thirdly,inotherwords,inthesameway,besides,also,inadditionto,moreover,whatismore,forexample,forinstance,meanwhile,atthesametime,consequently,forthispurpose,namely.

　　“承”的用法实例:

　　Second/thirdly/Inotherwords/inthesameway/-----shorterworkinghourscanleadto

　　greaterproductivity.

　　Besides/Afterthat/inaddition/Afterwards-----hehopedtoworkwithoneofthebestprefessorsonthatresearchproject.

　　3.用来表示不同和相反的过渡词语为“转”,常见的词语有:

　　But,yet,however,onthecontrary,unlike,nevertheless,inspiteof,ontheotherhand,though,asamatteroffact,infact,incontrast

　　“转”的用法实例:

　　Yet/However/unfortunately/infact----otherpeoplearestronglyagainsthisproposal.Unlikehisbrother,helikesswimmingverymuch.

　　Inspiteoftheheavyrain,theycontinuedworking.

　　4.用于小结段落或短文的过渡词语有:

　　Finally,atlast,inshort,inaword,inconclusion,atlength,eventually,thus,therefore,tosumup,undoubtedly,briefly,truly,asaresult,obviously,certainly.“合”的用法实例:

　　Atlength/inconclusion/inaword/Asaresult/Inshort----thegovernmentshouldmakeanecessarylawagainsttheshoplifting.

　　Therefore/Accordingly/surely/certainly/briefly/Obviously----wemustworkhardtoprotectwaterresources.