时态和语态.docx
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时态和语态
英语中谓语动词体现时态和语态
谓语动词的时态
1.一般现在时
构成:
动词原形(第三人称单数)
第三人称单数(见总复习P334一、动词的基本形式)
否定句形式(借助助动词):
don’t/doesn’t+动词原形
常用时间状语:
often,sometimes,always,every...(如everyweek),twiceaweek,onSundays
【考察点】主将从现:
是指在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,如果主句是一般将来时,从句用一般现在时替代一般将来时
常见的时间条件状语从句的连词有:
if(如果),when(当...时),as soon as, unless,while,as,until等
I____________(call)youassoonasI__________(arrive)inBeijing.
Ifit___________(rain)tomorrow,we__________(stay)intheroominsteadofgoingoutsides.
Whenyou__________(come)back,you___________(find)thetruth.
【注意】客观真理永远“现”
Theteachertoldusthatlight_________(travel)fasterthansound.
【注意】规定在时刻表上的用现在时,只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,takeoff等动词。
Theplane___________(take)offat8:
02p.m.
Classes___________(begin)at7:
50inourschool.
2.一般过去时
构成:
动词过去式(见总复习P334一、动词的基本形式)
否定句形式(借助助动词):
didn’t+动词原形
常用时间状语:
yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,theotherday(前几天),last...(如lastyear),...ago,justnow
或者根据上下文。
WhenIwasachild,Ioften_____________(play)footballinthestreet.
3.一般将来时
构成:
will/shall(not)+动词原形
be(not)goingtodo+动词原形
be(not)abouttodo+动词原形
be(not)to+动词原形
常用时间状语:
tomorrow,thedayaftertomorrow,next...(如nextday),in...(如intwodays两天内,两天后)
【考察】搭配主将从现考点
4.过去将来时
构成:
would(not)+动词原形
常用时间状语:
多用于间接引语的宾语从句中(主句是过去时的宾语从句表示将来时,用过去将来时)
Hetoldusthathe_________(finish)thetaskintwodays.
【句型】
sbwasabouttodosth.when...did...某人正要去做什么事情的时候,突然....
【翻译】我正要出门的时候,电话响了。
(一般说这句话都是叙述过去的事情,所以都用过去时)
5.现在进行时
构成:
am(is/are)not+现在分词(见总复习P334一、动词的基本形式)
常用时间状语:
now,duringthesedays,atthismoment,或者是上下文有情境提供,look,listen等
Bequiet.Thebaby_________(sleep)intheroom.
Listen!
Someone___________(knock)atthedoor.
Iamwritingmynovelthesedays.(这段时间正在进行的事)
【注意】现在进行时表将来
位移动词(come,go,arrive,leave,start,begin,return等)用于现在进行时,表示即将要发生动作。
I__________(leave)forShanghaitomorrow.
Pleasefastenyourseatbelt.Theplane__________(take)off.
【注意】表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,常与always,constantly,forever等词连用,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
Idon’tbelievehim.Heisalwaystellingliestoothers.
Heisconstantlyhelpingothers.
6.过去进行时
谓语动词构成:
was(were)not+现在分词
常用时间状语:
ateightyesterday
I___________(do)myhomeworkthistimelastnight.
【句型】sbwasdoingsth.when...did...某人正在做什么事情的时候,突然....
【翻译】我当时正在看电视,突然电话响了。
(一般说这句话都是叙述过去的事情,所以都用过去时)
what______you_______(do)whentheaccident_______(happen)?
7.现在完成时
表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,并可能还要延续。
或过去的动作对现在造成影响。
IhavelivedinShantousinceIwasborn.
I__________(finish)myhomework,soIcangotoplayfootballwithyou.
构成:
have/has(not)+过去分词
常用时间状语:
since+时间点,for时间段,already,yet,sofar(到目前为止),in/overthelast/past30years(在过去的30年间)
GreatChanges__________(take)placeinthelast30years.
【考察点一】havebeento地点v.s.havegoneto地点
1.--WhereisMissWang?
--She_________Beijingand_______(come)backintwodays.
2.________youever________toParis.Yes,Ihave.
【考察点二】sinceV.S.for
Wehaven’tseeneachothersince5years.__________
Ihavebeendreamingaboutgoingabroad_______1998.
Ihavebeendreamingaboutgoingabroad_____I______(graduate).
【句型】itisthefirsttimethatIhavewonthegame.
7.过去完成时
构成:
had(not)+过去分词
常用时间状语:
by+过去时间,bytheendoflastyear,before过去时间或过去时态的从句,上下文有过去时提示,该动词在过去时之前发生或完成用过去完成时。
I__________(finish)myhomeworkbefore/whenmymother________(come)back.
Hesaidthathe_________(learn)someEnglish.
【句型】
ItwasthefirsttimethatIhadwonthegame.
sb.haddonesth.when...did...某人刚做完某事,就...
Hardlyhadsb.donesth.when...did...某人一...就...(倒装句)
Nosoonerhadsb.donesth.than...did...某人一...就...【翻译】我才上上床睡觉,电话就响。
含情态动词(总复习P328)
情态动词(not)+动词原形
Therebe句型
Therebe意为“在某处有某物、某人”
【考点】be:
am/are/is/was/were单复数就近原则
【】
动词时态巩固练习50题
()1.There_______nohospitalsinmyhometownfiftyyearsago.
A.isB.areC.wasD.were
()2.---Whosingsbestinyourclass?
---Jenny_______.
A.doB.didC.doesD.hasdone
()3.---_____theyounggirl_____theoldmancleanhisroomeveryday?
---Yes,shedoes.
A.Does;helpB.Has;helpedC.Did;helpD.Do;helps
()4.---CanIgotoBeijingformyholiday,Dad?
---Youcanwhenyou_______abitolder.
A.willgetB.getC.aregettingD.got
()5.---WhatdoesLindaoftendointheevening?
---Sheoften_______herhomework,butontheeveningofMarch12she_______TV.
A.does;watchesB.isdoing;watchedC.does;watchedD.isdoing;waswatching
()6.Ourgeographyteachertoldusyesterdaythattheearth_______aroundthesun.
A.wasmovingB.movedC.hasmovedD.moves
()7.Ifhe_______harder,hewillcatchupwithussoon.
A.studyB.studiesC.willstudyD.studied
()8.---Don’tforgettoaskhimtowritetome.
---Iwon’t.Assoonashe_______,I’llaskhimtowritetoyou.
A.willcomeB.cameC.comesD.iscoming
()9.---Doyoulikethissilkdress?
---Yes,Ido.It_______sosoftandcomfortable.
A.isfeelingB.feelsC.hasfeltD.isfelt
()10.Oh,it’syou.I’msorryI_______knowyou_______here.
A.don’t;areB.didn’t;areC.didn’t;wereD.don’t;were
()11.MrLuXundiedin1936.He_______alotoffamousnovels.
A.wroteB.waswritingC.haswrittenD.wouldwrite
()12.---Yourtelephonenumberagain?
I_______quitecatchit.---It’s2567321.
A.can’tB.couldn’tC.don’tD.didn’t
()13.---Howwasyourweekendonthefarm?
---Great!
We_______withthefarmers.
A.enjoyourselvesB.wentfishingC.willworkD.makefriends
()14.---WhatdidMrJonesdobeforehemovedhere?
---He_______acitybusforovertwenty-fiveyears.
A.isdrivingB.droveC.hasdrivenD.drives
()15.Jane_______anewdresseverymonthwhenshewasinShanghai.
A.buysB.isbuyingC.boughtD.willbuy
()16.---LiuMeican’tcometonight.---Why?
Butshe_______meshewouldcome.
A.tellsB.toldC.istoldD.hadtold
()17.Heturnedoffthelightandthen_______.
A.leavesB.hasleftC.willleaveD.left
()18.---Keepquiet,please.They_______ameeting.---Sorry.
A.haveB.hadC.arehavingD.havehad
()19.---Jimmyisleavingforaholiday.---Really?
Where_______he_______?
A.has;goneB.will;goC.did;goD.would;go
()20.Frank_______toseehisgrandmaifhe_______freetomorrow.
A.willcome;willbeB.comes;isC.willcome;isD.comes;willbe
()21.There_______atalkonscienceinourschoolnextMonday.
A.willgiveB.willbeC.isgoingtogiveD.is
()22.---Shallwegoshoppingnow?
---Sorry,Ican’t.I_______myshirts.
A.washB.washesC.washedD.amwashing
()23.Hurryup!
We’reallwaitingforyou.I_______foranimportantphonecall.Gowithoutme.
A.waitB.waswaitingC.amwaitingD.waited
()24.---DidyouseeTomattheparty?
---No,he_______bythetimeIgotthere.
A.hadleftB.wasleavingC.leftD.hasleft
()25.---Isthisraincoatyours?
---No,mine_______therebehindthedoor.
A.hashungB.ishangingC.hungD.willhang
()26.---_______you_______TVatthemoment?
---No,youcanturnitoff.
A.Did;watchB.Are;watchingC.Do;watchD.Have;watched
()27.Idon’tthinkJimsawme;he_______abookatthatmoment.
A.justreadB.hasjustreadC.wasjustreadingD.hadjustread
()28.MrSmith_______abookaboutChinalastyearbutIdon’tknowwhetherhehasfinishedit.
A.haswrittenB.wroteC.hadwrittenD.waswriting
()29.---Icalledyouatsevenyesterdayevening,buttherewasnoanswer.
---Oh,Iamsorry.I_______dinneratmyfriend’shome.
A.amhavingB.hadC.washavingD.havehad
()30.---DoyouknowMissWang?
---Yes.Ifirstmethertwoyearsago.She_______ataradioshopatthattime.
A.wasworkingB.hasworkedC.isworkingD.hadworked
()31.MrWhite_______thenewspaper,whilehisdaughter_______TV.
A.read;waswatchingB.wasreading;watchedC.wasreading;waswatchingD.read;watched
()32.---I_______youatthemeeting.Why?
---Iwasill.
A.sawB.haveseenC.notseeD.didn’tsee
()33.Whentheteachercamein,thestudents_______aboutthenewfilm.
A.aretalkingB.weretalkingC.talkedD.talks
()34.The2004AthensOlympicGames_______onAugust13.
A.hasbegunB.lastedC.beganD.haslasted
()35.Hurryup!
Theplay_______fortenminutes.
A.hasbeenonB.hasbegunC.hadbegunD.began
()36.---MayIspeaktoMrSmith?
---Sorry,he_______Australia.Buthe_______intwodays.
A.hasbeento;willcomebackB.hasgoneto;willbeback
C.hasbeenin;wouldcomebackD.isleavingfor;doesn’tcomeback
()37.Ican’tgotoseethefilmtonight,becauseI______myticket.
A.havelostB.lostC.willloseD.waslosing
()38.---WhatdoyouthinkofthefilmHarryPotter?
---Itisverynice.I_______ittwice.
A.willseeB.haveseenC.sawD.see
()39.We_______tolearnEnglishfiveyearsago.We_______itforfiveyearsuptonow.
A.began;learnedB.begin;havelearnedC.havebegun;hadlearnedD.began;havelearned
()40.---Whatanicebike!
Howlong_______you_______it?
---Justtwoweeks.
A.have;boughtB.did;buyC.have;hadD.are;having
()41.Youdon’thavetodescribeher.I_______herseveraltimes.
A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet
()42.---I’msorrytohavekeptyouwaiting.---Oh,notatall.I_______hereonlyafewminutes.
A.havecomeB.hadbeenC.wasD.havebeen
()43.---_______mydictionaryanywhere?
---Yes.Isawitonyourdeskamomentago.
A.HaveyouseenB.DoyouseeC.HadyouseenD.Wouldyousee
()44.---Ihaven’theardfromLiJunforalongtime.---Whatdoyouthink_______tohim?
A.washappen