译林牛津版六年级知识点整理.docx
《译林牛津版六年级知识点整理.docx》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《译林牛津版六年级知识点整理.docx(11页珍藏版)》请在冰豆网上搜索。
译林牛津版六年级知识点整理
知识点归纳
班级:
姓名:
句子时态归纳
一、一般现在时(句子中通常有always,usually,often,sometimes,never,every…,onMondays/…)
1、句型结构:
主语+V.(s)
如果主语是三单,谓语动词加s或者es.
例如:
Helenlikeslisteningtomusic.Mysisterhasatoycat.
如果主语不是三单,谓语动词用原形。
例如:
Ilikelisteningtomusic.Ihaveatoycat.
2、动词+s/es形式
(1)一般动词后加s如reads
(2)以s、x、ch、sh结尾,加es如watches
(3)以辅音字母+o结尾,一般加es如goes
(4)辅音+y结尾,变y为i,再加es如worries.
二、一般现在进行时(句子中通常有now,listen,look,具体时间等)
1、句型结构:
主语+be+V.ing
例如:
Iamsingingintheclassroom.LiuTaoisreadinginthebedroom.
2、动词ing形式
(1)一般情况直接加ing,play—playing
(2)以不发音的“e”结尾,去“e”加ing,skate—skating
(3)双写词尾字母加ing,sit—sitting,swim—swimming,run—running,
put—putting,get—getting,begin—beginning,
shop—shopping,stop—stopping
三、一般过去时(句子中通常有justnow,…ago,yesterday,last…,before等)
1、句型结构:
主语+V.ed
谓语动词加ed(不规则动词:
go-went,come-came等)
例如:
Ilistenedtomusiclastnight.LiuTaowenttothezooyesterday.
2、动词ed形式
(1)一般情况直接+ed
e.g.play–played
(2)闭音节单词双写末尾单词+ed
e.g.stop–stopped,shop–shopped
(3)原形与过去式同型
e.g.read-read,hit-hit,put-put,let-let,cut-cut,lose—lost
(4)以辅音+y结尾去y变i+ed
e.g.copy-copied,cry-cried,study-studied,become-became
(5)不规则动词的过去式
is-was
am-was
are-were
do-did
can-could
begin-began
bring-brought
buy-bought
catch-caught
teach-taught
choose-chose
come-came
get-got
draw-drew
keep-kept
drive-drove
eat-ate
find-found
fly-flew
forget-forgot
hear-heard
give-gave
go-went
grow-grew
have-had
drink-drank
try--tried
know-knew
learn-learnt/learned
make-made
send-sent
meet-met
hold--held
wear--wore
ride-rode
ring-rang
run-ran
say-said
see-saw
shall-should
sing-sang
sit-sat
sleep-slept
speak-spoke
spend-spent
stand-stood
sweep-swept
swim-swam
take-took
teach-taught
四、一般将来时(句子中通常有tomorrow,next…,soon,thisafternoon,thisevening)
谓语动词结构是:
begoingto+do(表示计划、打算做…)或者will+do(表示即将发生…)
句型结构:
主语+begoingto/will+V.原形
例如:
IamgoingtohaveanEnglishlessontomorrow.HewillhaveanEnglishlessontomorrow.
动词使用
1、用动词原形
(1)情态动词:
can,can’t,should,shouldn’t,must,mustn’t,could,couldn’t,will,won’t后面用动词原形,
(2)助动词do,don’t,does,doesn’t,did,didn’t后面用动词原形。
(3)let,help后面用动词原形
2、动词加ing
likedoing,lovedoing,godoing,finishdoing,stopdoing
Nodoing(禁止做某事e.g.Noeatingordrinking.)
介词(begoodat,about,for)后面动词加ing等
3、加to加动词原形
wanttodo,wouldliketodo,havetodo(不得不做某事),begoingtodo,howtodo(怎么样做某事),it’stimetodo(…的时间到了),forgettodo…(忘记做……),remembertodo(记得做…),trytodo(试着做…),use/reusetodo(用/再利用…做…),
主格,宾格,形容词性物主代词
主格
宾格
形物
我(的)
I
me
my
我们(的)
we
us
our
你(的)
you
you
your
你们(的)
you
you
you
他(的)
he
him
his
她(的)
she
her
her
它(的)
it
it
its
他们(的)
they
them
their
动词和介词后用宾格:
动词如:
help(helpme)/let(letus)/make(you)…
介词如:
for(me)/from(him)/to(you)…
名词使用
1、alotof,lotsof,some,afew,many,howmany后面加可数名词复数,
alotof,lotsof,some,alittle,much,howmuch后面加不可数名词。
2、可数名词与不可数名词的分类
可数名词
不可数名词
sweet(s),cake(s),icecream(s),egg(s),noodle(s),hamburger(s),sandwich(es),hotdog(s),lollipop(s),sausage(s),steamedbun(s),vegetable(s),carrot(s),bean(s),tomato(es),potato(es),apple(s),pear(s),peach(es),mango(es),grape(s)
…
water,milk,juice,coffee,cola,tea,soup,porridge,cereal,rice,bread,meat
…
3、名词单复数
(1)一般情况,+s
(2)名词以s、x、sh、ch结尾,+es
(3)名词以“o”结尾,有生命的+es(如potato—potatoes);无生命的+s(如photo—photos)
(4)名词以“y”结尾,元音(a,e,i,o,u)+y结尾——直接+s;
辅音+y结尾——去y变i+es
(5)名词以“f”/“fe”结尾,去f/fe变ve+s
(6)特殊:
man——men,tooth——teeth,foot——feet,child——children
形容词,副词
1.形容词用于修饰名词:
Heisahappyboy.副词用于修饰动词:
Healwayssinghappily.
2.连系动词用形容词修饰:
be动词(is,am,are),look,feel,keep,smell,taste,sound,get,become,make
举例:
lookhappy,feelgood,keephealthy,smellnice,tastegood,soundgood,becomesunny…
3.形容词到副词的变化规律
形容词
副词
形容词
副词
形容词
副词
一般情况直接+ly
特殊变化
辅音+y结尾,去y变i+ly
beautiful
beautifully
good
well
happy
happily
careful
carefully
形容词、副词同形
angry
angrily
loud
loudly
high
high
easy
easily
bad
badly
fast
fast
busy
busily
excited
excitedly
early
early
heavy
heavily
quiet
quietly
late
late
quick
quickly
slow
slowly
sad
sadly
动词变职业名词
1、动词+er/r结尾:
play---player,teach---teacher,sing---singer,work---worker,
clean---cleaner,drive---driver,write---writer,dance---dancer,
paint---painter,love---lover,travel---traveller
2、+or
visit---visitor
3、-ist结尾:
piano---pianist,science---scientist,art---artist,牙医dentist
4、-man结尾:
post---postman,milk---milkman,space---spaceman,fire---fireman___
5、男/女职业:
police---policeman(男),police---policewoman(女)
act---actor(男),act---actress(女)
wait---waiter(男),wait---waitress(女)
6、医生doctor,护士nurse,农民farmer,宇航员astronaut
7、China中国-Chinese中国人
America美国-American美国人
France法国-French法国人
theUK英国-British英国人England英国-English英国人
Australia澳大利亚-Australian澳大利亚人
Japan日本-Japanese日本人
theUS/America美国-American美国人
句型转化
一、一般疑问句做法:
(1)有Be动词(am\is\are\was\were)时,将Be动词提到句首,剩余部分照抄;
(2)有情态动词can/would/must/will/should时,将can/would/must/will/should提到句首,剩余部分照抄;
(3)没有Be动词(am\is\are\was\were)和情态动词can/would/must/will/should时,句首用助动词do/does/did;
(4)注意点:
I变you,my变your,us变you,me变you,our变your.some变any
二、否定句
(1)在句中的动词am\is\are\was\were或can/would/must/will/should后面加not.
(2)如果没有am\is\are\was\were或can/would/must/will/should就在动词前加don’t,doesn’t或didn’t.
三、划线部分提问:
根据划线内容找到疑问词。
问物品:
what问时间:
whattime问地点:
where
问数量:
howmany问年龄:
howold问价格:
howmuch
问颜色:
whatcolour问人名:
who问谁的:
whose
问形状:
whatshape
(注意问正在做某事问句句型:
What……doing?
)
四、同义句
1、It’stimeto加动词原形=It’stimefor加名词
e.g.It’stimetohavelunch.It’stimeforlunch.
2、sendsb.sth.=sendsth.tosb.
e.g.Pleasesendmesomephotos.=Pleasesendsomephotostome.
3、showsb.sth.=showsth.tosb.
e.g.Pleaseshowmesomephotos.=Pleaseshowsomephotostome.
4、buysb.sth.=buysth.forsb.
e.g.Pleasebuymesomephotos.=Pleasebuysomephotosforme.
5、Howabout…?
=Whatabout…?
6、Whattimeisit?
=Whatisthetime?
7、Whatistheweatherlike?
=Howistheweather?
8、comefrom=befrom
e.g.Wheredoyoucomefrom?
=Whereareyoufrom?
IcomefromChina.=IamfromChina.
9.What+名词短语!
=How+形容词+名词!
e.g.Whatanicebook!
=Hownicethebookis!
10.begoodat=dowellin
eg:
I’mgoodatplayingbasketball.=Idowellinplayingbasketball.
11.lookafter=takecareof
Eg:
Youshouldlookafteryourlittlesister.=Youshouldtakecareofyourlittlesister.
12.Hewalkstoschooleveryday.=Hegoestoschoolonfooteveryday.
几点补充说明
1、excited用来形容人,exciting用来形容事物,excitedly用来形容人的动作。
2、Therebe句型
(1)就近原则。
例如:
Thereisanappleandsomepears.
Therearesomepearsandanapple.
(2)问物的问句只能:
Whatis+方位词
例如:
What’sonthedesk?
Therearesomebooks.
(3)therebe句型的将来时态:
Thereis/aregoingtobe…
Therewillbe…
3、序数词
一般词尾加th,
1,2,3,特殊记:
one-first,two-second,three-third;
8减t:
eight-eighth;9减e:
nine-ninth;
ve要用f替:
five-fifth,twelve-twelfth;
见y变成i和e,加上th莫忘记:
twenty-twentieth,thirty-thirtieth,forty-fortieth;
若要遇见几十几,只变个位就可以:
twenty-two(序数词)twenty-second,thirty-nine(序数词)thirty-ninth
还有一点莫忘记,前面还有the
4、日期表达:
日期的表达由以下结构组成:
(1)序数词月份
(2)the+序数词+of+月份
例如:
十月一日1stOctober或者thefirstofOctober,
附:
月份单词
一月January二月February三月March四月April五月May
六月June七月July八月August九月September
十月October十一月November十二月December
附:
星期单词
星期天Sunday星期一Monday星期二Tuesday星期三Wednesday
星期四Thursday星期五Friday星期六Saturday
5、时间的表达:
1.直接表达法
A.用基数词+o'clock来表示整点如:
eighto'clock八点钟
B.用基数词按钟点+分钟的顺序直接写出时间.如:
sixforty六点四十
2.间接表达法
A.如果分钟数少于30分钟,可用分钟+past+钟点表示,如:
twentypastfour四点二十
B.如果分钟数多于30分钟,可用(60分钟-原分钟数)+to+(原钟点数+1)表示,如:
8:
35可表示为twenty-fivetonine八点三十五(其中的分钟数twenty-five是由60分钟减去35分钟得到的;钟点数nine是由8加上1得到的).
C.当分钟数是15分钟时,可用名词quarter(一刻钟)表示.如:
7:
15可表示为aquarterpastseven
D.当分钟数是30分钟时,可用名词half(一半)表示.如:
9:
30可表示为halfpastnine
6、rain,rain,rainy区分:
a.There’salotofraininSuzhouinspring.(rain名词,不可数名词)
b.DoesitoftenraininsummerintheUK?
(rain动词)
c.It’softenrainyinmyhometown.(rainy形容词)
7、helpsb.withsth.与helpsbdosth.区分
a.CanyouhelpmewithmyMaths?
b.Ioftenhelpmyparentsdohousework.
8、系动词(make,feel,keep,taste,smell,get,look,sound,become,be)后加形容词。
文化小知识:
1.ThisisanAmericancowboy.He’swearingjeans.这是一个美国牛仔。
他正穿着牛仔裤。
2.ThisisaScottishman.He’swearingakilt.这是一个苏格兰男人。
他正穿着一条苏格兰短裙。
3.TherearethreemainschoolholidaysintheUK.TheyaretheEasterholiday,thesummerholidayandtheChristmasholiday.在英国有三个主要的学校假期。
它们是复活节假期,暑假和圣诞节假期。
4.TheAmericansinventedtheaeroplane.美国人发明了飞机。
5.TheBritishinventedthetrain.英国人发明了火车。
6.IntheUK,peoplecallthemetro“underground”.
7.IntheUS,peoplecallthemetro“subway”.
8.EarthDayison22ndApril.地球日在4月22日。
9.WorldEnvironmentDayison5thJune.世界环境日在6月5日。
10.ChristmasisthemostimportantholidayintheUK.圣诞节是英国最重要的节日。
11.ChineseNewYearisthemostimportantfestivalinChina.Wealsocallit“SpringFestival”.在中国新年是最重要的节日。
12.ThanksgivingisaveryimportantholidayintheUS.在美国感恩节是一个非常重要的节日。
13.ThisAesop’sFables.Youcanfindmanyanimalstoriesinit.这是伊索寓言。
你可以在书中找到很多动物的故事。
14.ThisisaChineseidiombook.Youcanalsofindmanyanimalstoriesinit.这是一本中国成语故事书。
你也能在书中找到许多动物故事。
15.Chinesepeopleoftenhavesomeporridgeandsteamedbunsforbreakfast.中国人早餐经常喝粥,吃包子。
16.Westernpeopleoftenhavecereal,bread,eggsandsausagesforbreakfast.西方人早餐经常吃麦片,面包,鸡蛋和香肠。
17.IntheUK,peopledriveontheleftsideoftheroad.在英国,人们在道路左侧开车。
18.InChina,exceptHongKongandMacau,peopledriveontherightsideoftheroad.在中国,除了香港和澳门,人们在道路的右侧开车。
19.InChina,exceptHongKongandMacau,peoplemustfirstlookleft