中考初中语法复习之名词+练习.docx

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中考初中语法复习之名词+练习.docx

中考初中语法复习之名词+练习

中考初中语法复习之名词+练习

  一.名词的定义:

表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词

二.名词的分类

类别

意义

例词

专有名词

表示人,地方,事物,机构,组织等

Lucy,China,theGreatHallofthepeople

可数名词

个体名词

表示个体的人或事物的词

Dictionary,cup,chair,room

集体名词

表示一群人和一类事物的词

Family,police,class,team

不可数名词

物质名词

表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词

rice,water,porridge,air,wool

抽象名词

表示状态,品质,行为,感情的抽象感念词

Knowledge,danger,health,love

三.可数名词的复数形式的变化规则:

情况

构成方式

读音

例词

一般情况

加s

清辅音后读/s/

浊辅音和元音后读/z/

cake-cakes

day-days

以s,x,sh,ch结尾

加es

读/IZ/

bus-buses

class-classes

以辅音字母加y结尾的词

变y为i,再加ea

读/z/

baby-babies

city-cities

以f或者fe结尾的词

变f或者fe为v,再加es

读/z/

self-selves

thief-thieves

以o结尾的词

一般情况

加s

读/z/

zeroszoosradios

特殊情况

加es

读/z/

tomato-tomatoes

potato-potatoes

hero-heroes

negro-negroes

不规则变化

改变单词中元音字母

/mæn/——/men/

/fʊt/——/fi:

t/

man-men

woman-women

单复数形式相同

读音不变

SheepJapanese

deerChinese

其他形式

/maʊs/——/maɪs/

/tʃaɪld/——/ˈtʃɪldrən/

mouse-mice

child-children

四.特殊情况

●一些名词本身即是复数形式,不可用作单数。

people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors

不能直接在前面加冠词atrousers错误形式

apairoftrousers正确形式

●当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时,就要用其复数形式。

  eg.twomenteachers,threewomendoctors

 

●不可数名词一般没有复数形式,它的“量”的表示方式如下。

  

(1)表不定数量时,一般用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any等词修饰。

  eg,muchmoney,alittlebread

  

(2)表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词。

如:

two/three/…+量词复数十of+不可数名词。

  eg.abagofrice,twoglassesofmilk,fourbottlesofwater

●有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但词义有所不同。

fruit水果——fruits表示不同种类的水果food食物——foods各种食品;

fish鱼——fishes鱼的种类;drink饮料、酒——adrink一份饮料、一杯酒

cloth布——acloth桌布、抹布sand沙——sands沙滩

chicken鸡肉——achicken小鸡glass玻璃——glasses眼镜

五.不可数名词复数的量

1.当不可数名词需要计量时,1)数词或冠词+计量名词+of+不可数名”

2)不可数名词与some,much,little,any,alotof等连用

much/alotofbread许多面包abottleofink一瓶墨水

apieceofapplepie一份苹果派somerice一些大米

abarofchocolate一条巧克力adropofwater一滴水

2.常考的不可数名词

advice建议furniture家具clothing衣服fun乐趣homework家庭作业

paper纸progress进步traffic交通sugar糖information信息

六.名词所有格:

名词的所有格表示人或物的所属关系

  

(1)有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。

  ①不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,在词尾加’s.

  Mike’swatch;Women’sDay

  ②以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,只加’。

  teachers’office,students’rooms

  ③两个或两个以上名词并列,表示共同所有,只需在最后一个名词后加’s.

  TomandMike’sroom汤姆和迈克的房间(表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房)

  ④两个或两个以上名词并列,表示分别所有,需在几个名词后都加’s.

  Mary’sandJenny’sbikes玛丽和詹妮的自行车(表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车)

⑤时间,距离,国家,城市等无生命东西的名词也可加’s构成所有格

anhour’sride骑车一小时的路程twoweek’stime两个星期的时间

China’scapital中国的首都ahundredyuan’sorder一百元的订货单

  

(2)无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of结构

  eg.amapOfChina,thebeginningOfthisgame,thedoorOftheroom

  (3)特殊形式

  ①可用’s和of短语表示的名词所有格

  eg.theboy’sname=thenameOftheboy(男孩的名字)

  thedog’slegs=thelegsofthedog(狗的腿)

  China’spopulation=thepopulationOfChina(中国的人口)

  China’scapital=thecapitalofChina(中国的首都)

  ②双重所有格

  eg.afiendofmymother’s我妈妈的一个朋友

  apictureofTom’s汤姆的一张图片

专项练习题

()1.Shewasveryhappy.She         inthemathstest.

A.makesafewmistakeB.madeafewmistakes

C.madefewmistakesD.makesfewmistake

()2.Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?

A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.potatoe

()3_____are_____forcuttingthings.

A.Knife/usedB.Knives/usedC.Knife/usingD.Knives/using

()4Whatbig____thetigerhas!

A.toothB.teethC.toothsD.toothes

()5Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.

A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave

()6-Canwehavesome___?

-Yes,please.

A.bananaB.orangesC.appleD.pear

()7Onthetabletherearefive____.

A.tomatosB.pieceoftomatoesC.tomatoesD.tomato

()8Theygotmuch___fromthosenewbooks.

A.ideasB.photosC.informationD.stories

()9Hegaveus____onhowtokeepfit.

A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice

()10Whenwesawhisface,weknew___wasbad.

A.somenewsB.anewsC.thenewsD.news

()11What___lovelyweatheritis!

A./B.theC.anD.a

()12-Wouldyoulike___tea?

-No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo____.

A.any,bottlesoforangeB.some,bottlesoforange

C.many,bottlesoforangesD.few,bottleoforanges

()13Heishungry.Givehim___toeat.

A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbread

C.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads

()14Itreallytookhim:

___todrawthenicehorse.

A.sometimesB.hourC.longtimeD.sometime

()15Iwouldliketohave___.

A.twoglassesofmilkB.twoglassofmilk

C.twoglassesofmilksD.twoglassofmilks

()16Canyougiveme____?

A.ateaB.somecupofteaC.acupteaD.acupoftea

()17Pleasegiveme___paper.

A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof

()18Johnbought___forhimselfyesterday.

A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes

() 19-Howmany____haveyougotonyourfarm?

-I'vegotfive.

A.sheepsB.sheepC.pigD.chicken

()20Some___cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.

A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies

()21Inthepicturetherearemany_______andtwo________.

A.sheep;foxesC.sheeps;foxes

B.sheeps;foxD.sheep;foxs

()22Agroupof______willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.

A.HungarianB.AustralianC.JapaneseD.American

()23Thistableismadeof______.

A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass

()24-Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?

-I'dlike_______.!

A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken

()25Childrenshouldmake_______foroldpeopleinabus.

A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.theroom

()26Tablesaremadeof_______.

A.woodB.somewoodsC.woodenD.woods

()27Iwonderwhy______aresointerestedinaction(武打片)films.

A.peopleB.peoplesC.thepeopleD.thepeoples

()28Ihaveread_______oftheyoungwriter.

A.worksB.workC.thisworksD.theworks

()29Let'smeetat7:

30outsidethegateof_______?

A.thePeople'sParkB.thePeoples'Park

C.thePeopleParkD.People'sPark

()30___Chinesepeopleare____hardworkingpeople.

A./;aB.We;theC.The;theD.The;a

()31Howmany         werethereinthestreetwhentheaccidenthappened?

A.policemanB.policesC.policeD.peoples

()32Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____.

A.setB.oneC.pieceD.pair

()33LastweekIboughtaTV______.

A.pairB.setC.pieceD.block

()34Thereisaofwoodleftontheground.

A.cupB.pieceC.boxD.pair

()35Therearesixty-seven___inourschool.

A.women'steacherB.womenteachersC.womanteachersD.womenteacher

()36Therearefive___inourfactory.

A.womandriverB,womendriverC.womandriversD.womendrivers

()37These____weresenttothevillagestohelpthefarmers.

A.womendoctorB.womendoctorsC.womandoctorsD.womandoctor

()38Theywritemostoftheir___inEnglish.

A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesD.businessesletters

()39Wecametoa___atlast.andwentin.

A.watchshopB.watchesshopC.watchingshopD.watchsshop

()40Thisshopsellsapples,bananasandthingslikethese.It'sa_____.

A.foodshopB.bookshopC.fruitshopD.vegetableshop

()41Shebrokea___whileshewaswashingup.

A.glassofwineB.glassforwineC.glasswineD.wineglass

()42I'veforgottenbothofthe____.

A.roomnumbersB.roomsnumberC.roomsnumbersD.roomnumber

一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷

1.阅读理解

   Happinessisforeveryone.Youdon'tneedtocareaboutthosepeoplewhohavebeautifulhouseswithlargegardensandswimmingpoolsorthosewhohavenicecarsandalotofmoneyandsoon.Thosewhohavebighousesmayoftenfeellonelyandthosewhohavecarsmaywanttowalkonthecountryroadsattheirfreetime.

   Infacthappinessisalwaysaroundyouifyouputyourheartintoit.Whenyouareintroubleatschool,yourfriendswillhelpyou.Whenyoustudyhardatyourlessons,yourparentsarealwaystakinggoodcareofyourlifeandyourhealth.Whenyougetsuccess,yourfriendswillsaycongratulationstoyou.Whenyoudosomethingwrong,peoplearoundyouwillhelpyoutocorrectit.Andwhenyoudosomethinggoodtoothers,youwillfeelhappytoo.Alltheseareyourhappiness.Ifyounoticethemyoucanseethathappinessisalwaysaroundyou.

   Happinessisnotthesameasmoney.Itisafeelingofyourheart.Whenyouarepoor,youcanalsosayyouareveryhappybecauseyouhavesomethingelsethatcan'tbeboughtwithmoney.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,youcansayloudlyyouareveryhappybecauseyouhavemorechancestochallengeyourselves.Soyoucannotalwayssayyouarepoorandyouhavebadluck.Ifyoutakeeverychanceyouget,youwillbeahappyandluckyperson.

(1)Happinessisfor       .

A. allpeople                                                          B. thosewhohavealotmoney

C. thosewhohavelargeandbeautifulhouses  

D. thosewhohavecars

(2)Whenyoudosomethingwrong,       .

A. youhavenochancetochallengeyou           

B. peoplearoundyouwillhelpyou

C. yourclassmateswilllaughatyou                   

D. youwillbehappy

(3)"Happinessisnotthesameasmoney"means         .

A. moneydoesn'talwaysbringhappiness          B. moneyalwaysbringshappiness

C. everythingcanalwaysbringhappiness         

D. onlyrichpeoplehavehappiness

(4)Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A. LifeandSuccess                                               

B. HappinessandLuck

C. DoSomethingGoodtoOthers                       

D. Happiness

【答案】

(1)A

(2)B

(3)A

(4)D

【解析】【分析】文章大意:

文章主要论述了快乐无处不在,只要你抓住你的每一次机会,你就会快乐。

(1)细节理解题,根据Happinessisforeveryone.可知,快乐是每一个人的,也就是所有人的,故答案是A。

(2)细节理解题,根据Whenyoudosomethingwrong,peoplearoundyouwillhelpyoutocorrectit. 可知,当你做错了事,你身边的人不帮助你改正。

故答案是B。

(3)句意猜测题,一般而言,金钱可以买到一切物质性的东西,但是

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