中考初中语法复习之名词+练习.docx
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中考初中语法复习之名词+练习
中考初中语法复习之名词+练习
一.名词的定义:
表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词
二.名词的分类
类别
意义
例词
专有名词
表示人,地方,事物,机构,组织等
Lucy,China,theGreatHallofthepeople
可数名词
个体名词
表示个体的人或事物的词
Dictionary,cup,chair,room
集体名词
表示一群人和一类事物的词
Family,police,class,team
不可数名词
物质名词
表示构成各种物体的物质或材料的词
rice,water,porridge,air,wool
抽象名词
表示状态,品质,行为,感情的抽象感念词
Knowledge,danger,health,love
三.可数名词的复数形式的变化规则:
情况
构成方式
读音
例词
一般情况
加s
清辅音后读/s/
浊辅音和元音后读/z/
cake-cakes
day-days
以s,x,sh,ch结尾
加es
读/IZ/
bus-buses
class-classes
以辅音字母加y结尾的词
变y为i,再加ea
读/z/
baby-babies
city-cities
以f或者fe结尾的词
变f或者fe为v,再加es
读/z/
self-selves
thief-thieves
以o结尾的词
一般情况
加s
读/z/
zeroszoosradios
特殊情况
加es
读/z/
tomato-tomatoes
potato-potatoes
hero-heroes
negro-negroes
不规则变化
改变单词中元音字母
/mæn/——/men/
/fʊt/——/fi:
t/
man-men
woman-women
单复数形式相同
读音不变
SheepJapanese
deerChinese
其他形式
/maʊs/——/maɪs/
/tʃaɪld/——/ˈtʃɪldrən/
mouse-mice
child-children
四.特殊情况
●一些名词本身即是复数形式,不可用作单数。
people,police,trousers,pants,clothes,scissors
不能直接在前面加冠词atrousers错误形式
apairoftrousers正确形式
●当man和woman作定语修饰复数名词时,就要用其复数形式。
eg.twomenteachers,threewomendoctors
●不可数名词一般没有复数形式,它的“量”的表示方式如下。
(1)表不定数量时,一般用much,alittle,alotof/lotsof,some,any等词修饰。
eg,muchmoney,alittlebread
(2)表确定数量时,一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词。
如:
two/three/…+量词复数十of+不可数名词。
eg.abagofrice,twoglassesofmilk,fourbottlesofwater
●有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词,但词义有所不同。
fruit水果——fruits表示不同种类的水果food食物——foods各种食品;
fish鱼——fishes鱼的种类;drink饮料、酒——adrink一份饮料、一杯酒
cloth布——acloth桌布、抹布sand沙——sands沙滩
chicken鸡肉——achicken小鸡glass玻璃——glasses眼镜
五.不可数名词复数的量
1.当不可数名词需要计量时,1)数词或冠词+计量名词+of+不可数名”
2)不可数名词与some,much,little,any,alotof等连用
much/alotofbread许多面包abottleofink一瓶墨水
apieceofapplepie一份苹果派somerice一些大米
abarofchocolate一条巧克力adropofwater一滴水
2.常考的不可数名词
advice建议furniture家具clothing衣服fun乐趣homework家庭作业
paper纸progress进步traffic交通sugar糖information信息
六.名词所有格:
名词的所有格表示人或物的所属关系
(1)有生命的名词所有格以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格。
①不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,在词尾加’s.
Mike’swatch;Women’sDay
②以s结尾的名词变成所有格时,只加’。
teachers’office,students’rooms
③两个或两个以上名词并列,表示共同所有,只需在最后一个名词后加’s.
TomandMike’sroom汤姆和迈克的房间(表示汤姆和迈克共有一间房)
④两个或两个以上名词并列,表示分别所有,需在几个名词后都加’s.
Mary’sandJenny’sbikes玛丽和詹妮的自行车(表示玛丽和詹妮各自的自行车)
⑤时间,距离,国家,城市等无生命东西的名词也可加’s构成所有格
anhour’sride骑车一小时的路程twoweek’stime两个星期的时间
China’scapital中国的首都ahundredyuan’sorder一百元的订货单
(2)无生命的事物的名词所有格常用of结构
eg.amapOfChina,thebeginningOfthisgame,thedoorOftheroom
(3)特殊形式
①可用’s和of短语表示的名词所有格
eg.theboy’sname=thenameOftheboy(男孩的名字)
thedog’slegs=thelegsofthedog(狗的腿)
China’spopulation=thepopulationOfChina(中国的人口)
China’scapital=thecapitalofChina(中国的首都)
②双重所有格
eg.afiendofmymother’s我妈妈的一个朋友
apictureofTom’s汤姆的一张图片
专项练习题
()1.Shewasveryhappy.She inthemathstest.
A.makesafewmistakeB.madeafewmistakes
C.madefewmistakesD.makesfewmistake
()2.Weneedsomemore____.Canyougoandgetsome,please?
A.potatoB.potatosC.potatoesD.potatoe
()3_____are_____forcuttingthings.
A.Knife/usedB.Knives/usedC.Knife/usingD.Knives/using
()4Whatbig____thetigerhas!
A.toothB.teethC.toothsD.toothes
()5Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree___.
A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave
()6-Canwehavesome___?
-Yes,please.
A.bananaB.orangesC.appleD.pear
()7Onthetabletherearefive____.
A.tomatosB.pieceoftomatoesC.tomatoesD.tomato
()8Theygotmuch___fromthosenewbooks.
A.ideasB.photosC.informationD.stories
()9Hegaveus____onhowtokeepfit.
A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice
()10Whenwesawhisface,weknew___wasbad.
A.somenewsB.anewsC.thenewsD.news
()11What___lovelyweatheritis!
A./B.theC.anD.a
()12-Wouldyoulike___tea?
-No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo____.
A.any,bottlesoforangeB.some,bottlesoforange
C.many,bottlesoforangesD.few,bottleoforanges
()13Heishungry.Givehim___toeat.
A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbread
C.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads
()14Itreallytookhim:
___todrawthenicehorse.
A.sometimesB.hourC.longtimeD.sometime
()15Iwouldliketohave___.
A.twoglassesofmilkB.twoglassofmilk
C.twoglassesofmilksD.twoglassofmilks
()16Canyougiveme____?
A.ateaB.somecupofteaC.acupteaD.acupoftea
()17Pleasegiveme___paper.
A.oneB.apieceC.aD.apieceof
()18Johnbought___forhimselfyesterday.
A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes
() 19-Howmany____haveyougotonyourfarm?
-I'vegotfive.
A.sheepsB.sheepC.pigD.chicken
()20Some___cametoourschoolforavisitthatday.
A.GermansB.GermenC.GermanyD.Germanies
()21Inthepicturetherearemany_______andtwo________.
A.sheep;foxesC.sheeps;foxes
B.sheeps;foxD.sheep;foxs
()22Agroupof______willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.
A.HungarianB.AustralianC.JapaneseD.American
()23Thistableismadeof______.
A.manyglassB.glassesC.someglassesD.glass
()24-Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?
-I'dlike_______.!
A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken
()25Childrenshouldmake_______foroldpeopleinabus.
A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.theroom
()26Tablesaremadeof_______.
A.woodB.somewoodsC.woodenD.woods
()27Iwonderwhy______aresointerestedinaction(武打片)films.
A.peopleB.peoplesC.thepeopleD.thepeoples
()28Ihaveread_______oftheyoungwriter.
A.worksB.workC.thisworksD.theworks
()29Let'smeetat7:
30outsidethegateof_______?
A.thePeople'sParkB.thePeoples'Park
C.thePeopleParkD.People'sPark
()30___Chinesepeopleare____hardworkingpeople.
A./;aB.We;theC.The;theD.The;a
()31Howmany werethereinthestreetwhentheaccidenthappened?
A.policemanB.policesC.policeD.peoples
()32Ifthesetrousersaretoobig,buyasmaller____.
A.setB.oneC.pieceD.pair
()33LastweekIboughtaTV______.
A.pairB.setC.pieceD.block
()34Thereisaofwoodleftontheground.
A.cupB.pieceC.boxD.pair
()35Therearesixty-seven___inourschool.
A.women'steacherB.womenteachersC.womanteachersD.womenteacher
()36Therearefive___inourfactory.
A.womandriverB,womendriverC.womandriversD.womendrivers
()37These____weresenttothevillagestohelpthefarmers.
A.womendoctorB.womendoctorsC.womandoctorsD.womandoctor
()38Theywritemostoftheir___inEnglish.
A.businessletterB.businesslettersC.businessesD.businessesletters
()39Wecametoa___atlast.andwentin.
A.watchshopB.watchesshopC.watchingshopD.watchsshop
()40Thisshopsellsapples,bananasandthingslikethese.It'sa_____.
A.foodshopB.bookshopC.fruitshopD.vegetableshop
()41Shebrokea___whileshewaswashingup.
A.glassofwineB.glassforwineC.glasswineD.wineglass
()42I'veforgottenbothofthe____.
A.roomnumbersB.roomsnumberC.roomsnumbersD.roomnumber
一、英语阅读理解专项练习试卷
1.阅读理解
Happinessisforeveryone.Youdon'tneedtocareaboutthosepeoplewhohavebeautifulhouseswithlargegardensandswimmingpoolsorthosewhohavenicecarsandalotofmoneyandsoon.Thosewhohavebighousesmayoftenfeellonelyandthosewhohavecarsmaywanttowalkonthecountryroadsattheirfreetime.
Infacthappinessisalwaysaroundyouifyouputyourheartintoit.Whenyouareintroubleatschool,yourfriendswillhelpyou.Whenyoustudyhardatyourlessons,yourparentsarealwaystakinggoodcareofyourlifeandyourhealth.Whenyougetsuccess,yourfriendswillsaycongratulationstoyou.Whenyoudosomethingwrong,peoplearoundyouwillhelpyoutocorrectit.Andwhenyoudosomethinggoodtoothers,youwillfeelhappytoo.Alltheseareyourhappiness.Ifyounoticethemyoucanseethathappinessisalwaysaroundyou.
Happinessisnotthesameasmoney.Itisafeelingofyourheart.Whenyouarepoor,youcanalsosayyouareveryhappybecauseyouhavesomethingelsethatcan'tbeboughtwithmoney.Whenyoumeetwithdifficulties,youcansayloudlyyouareveryhappybecauseyouhavemorechancestochallengeyourselves.Soyoucannotalwayssayyouarepoorandyouhavebadluck.Ifyoutakeeverychanceyouget,youwillbeahappyandluckyperson.
(1)Happinessisfor .
A. allpeople B. thosewhohavealotmoney
C. thosewhohavelargeandbeautifulhouses
D. thosewhohavecars
(2)Whenyoudosomethingwrong, .
A. youhavenochancetochallengeyou
B. peoplearoundyouwillhelpyou
C. yourclassmateswilllaughatyou
D. youwillbehappy
(3)"Happinessisnotthesameasmoney"means .
A. moneydoesn'talwaysbringhappiness B. moneyalwaysbringshappiness
C. everythingcanalwaysbringhappiness
D. onlyrichpeoplehavehappiness
(4)Whichisthebesttitleforthepassage?
A. LifeandSuccess
B. HappinessandLuck
C. DoSomethingGoodtoOthers
D. Happiness
【答案】
(1)A
(2)B
(3)A
(4)D
【解析】【分析】文章大意:
文章主要论述了快乐无处不在,只要你抓住你的每一次机会,你就会快乐。
(1)细节理解题,根据Happinessisforeveryone.可知,快乐是每一个人的,也就是所有人的,故答案是A。
(2)细节理解题,根据Whenyoudosomethingwrong,peoplearoundyouwillhelpyoutocorrectit. 可知,当你做错了事,你身边的人不帮助你改正。
故答案是B。
(3)句意猜测题,一般而言,金钱可以买到一切物质性的东西,但是